[Cite as State ex rel. Yeaples v. Gall, 2013-Ohio-2207.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 99454
STATE OF OHIO, EX REL.,
DONALD YEAPLES AND DEBRA YEAPLES
RELATORS
vs.
HONORABLE STEVEN E. GALL, ET AL.
RESPONDENTS
JUDGMENT:
WRITS GRANTED
Writs of Mandamus and Procedendo
Motion Nos. 463412, 463958, and 464793
Order No. 465079
RELEASE DATE: May 24, 2013
ATTORNEYS FOR RELATORS
Paul W. Flowers
Paul W. Flowers Co., L.P.A.
Terminal Tower, 35th Floor
50 Public Square
Cleveland, OH 44113
W. Craig Bashein
Bashein & Bashein Co., L.P.A.
Terminal Tower, 35th Floor
50 Public Square
Cleveland, OH 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR RESPONDENTS
For Steven E. Gall, Judge
Timothy J. McGinty
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
By: Charles E. Hannan, Jr.,
Assistant County Prosecutor
8th Floor Justice Center
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, OH 44113
For Gary Cole and Precision Directional Boring, L.L.C.
Julius Trombetto
Carolyn M. Cappel
Shawn W. Maestle
Weston Hurd L.L.P.
The Tower at Erieview
1301 East 9th St., Ste. 1900
Cleveland, OH 44114
TIM McCORMACK, J.:
{¶1} On January 24, 2013, the relators, Donald Yeaples and Debra Yeaples,
commenced this extraordinary writ action, stating claims in mandamus and procedendo,
against the respondents, Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Court Judge Steven E. Gall,
Precision Directional Boring L.L.C. (hereinafter “Precision”), and Gary Cole. The
relators seek to compel Judge Gall in the underlying case, Yeaples v. Precision
Directional Boring L.L.C., Cuyahoga C.P. No. CV-773151, to vacate the court’s March
28, 2012 and January 4, 2013 orders finding venue improper in Cuyahoga County and
transferring the underlying case to the Medina County Common Pleas Court and to try the
underlying case.
{¶2} On March 20, 2013, Judge Gall, through the Cuyahoga County Prosecutor,
moved for summary judgment. The relators filed their brief in opposition and a
cross-motion for summary judgment on April 9, 2013. Judge Gall filed his opposition to
the cross-motion for summary judgment on April 29, 2013. On May 7, 2013, Precision
and Cole filed their motion for summary judgment. The gravamen of this case is
whether the relators stated a claim for intentional workplace tort against Gary Cole. If
they did, then venue is proper in Cuyahoga County and a writ will issue for Judge Gall to
proceed with the case; if they do not, then Judge Gall was correct in transferring the
underlying case to Medina County, and a writ will not lie. The court has reviewed the
materials submitted, and this matter is ripe for resolution. For the following reasons,
this court grants the relators’ motion for summary judgment, denies the respondents’
motions for summary judgment, and grants the writs of mandamus and procedendo.
Judge Gall is directed to vacate the orders transferring the underlying case to the Medina
County Common Pleas Court and proceed to judgment on the underlying case.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
{¶3} On January 10, 2010, Donald Yeaples, a resident of Lorain County, and
Gary Cole, a resident of Cuyahoga County, were working for respondent Precision that
has its principal place of business in Medina County. Yeaples and Cole were identifying
residential connections with storm, sanitary, and/or water pipes crossing the road at a
residence in Summit County to prepare a bore path for a water main. Cole was
operating a mini excavator. The homeowners notified Yeaples that they needed to back
their vehicle out of the driveway, and Yeaples told this to Cole. Cole nodded his assent,
and Yeaples went to the rear of the excavator to guide the homeowners. As Yeaples was
doing this, the excavator ran over him.
{¶4} On January 10, 2012, the relators commenced the underlying case against
Precision, Cole, and various John Does1 in Cuyahoga County. In the complaint, the
relators stated the basic facts that at the job site, Cole backed up the mini excavator over
1 Only Precision, Cole, and Count 1 are relevant to the instant action. Count 2 is a claim for
negligence against the John Does, and Count 3 is a claim under the Ohio Frequenter Statute against
the John Does. In Count 4, Debra Yeaples asserts her claim for loss of consortium against all the
defendants.
Donald Yeaples and injured him. They further asserted that the excavator did not have
safety equipment, including a rearview mirror or a backup alarm, and was not in
compliance with federal and Ohio law.
{¶5} The relators designated Count 1 as “Workplace Intentional Tort.”2 Eleven
times throughout this count, the relators referred to “defendants” plural. Four times they
asserted that “[a]s a direct and proximate result of the Defendants’ tortious conduct,”
Donald Yeaples was injured in various ways. Only once in this count did the relators
refer to “defendant” in the singular: “Defendant’s deliberate removal and/or deliberate
refusal to use safety guards and safety devices is a presumption of specific intent as set
forth in Section 2745.01(C) of the Ohio Revised Code.” At all other times in Count 1,
the relators used the plural form of “defendant.” At no time did they otherwise
specifically mention or distinguish between Precision and Cole.
{¶6} On February 8, 2012, Precision moved to dismiss the complaint or in the
alternative to transfer for improper venue. Precision argued that venue could be proper
in Cuyahoga County only if Cole was a properly named defendant.3 However, Cole
2 Count 1 consists of paragraphs 13 through 25 of the complaint.
3 Civ.R. 3(B) provides in pertinent part as follows: “Proper venue lies in any one or more of
the following counties: (1) The county in which the defendant resides; (2) The county in which the
defendant has his or her principal place of business; (3) A county in which the defendant conducted
activity that gave rise to the claim for relief; * * * (6) The county in which all or part of the claim for
relief arose * * *.”
Civ.R. 3(E) provides in pertinent part as follows: “In any action brought by one or more
plaintiffs against one or more defendants involving one or more claims for relief, the forum shall be
deemed a proper forum, and venue in the forum shall be proper, if the venue is proper as to any one
could not be a proper party because R.C. 4123.741 provides for co-employee immunity:
no employee shall be liable in damages for any injury received by any other employee of
such employer in the course of the latter employee’s employment. Precision further
asserted that the complaint did not allege any specific tort against Cole. Precision
concluded that the relators named Cole as a nominal defendant solely for the purposes of
forum shopping. Cole joined in this motion on February 21, 2012. The relators
countered that a co-employee could be liable for an intentional workplace tort and that
Cole “appreciated” that Donald Yeaples was behind the excavator, that the excavator
lacked necessary safety equipment, and that Cole backed up the excavator anyway in a
substantial certainty of injury to Yeaples. On March 28, 2012, the Cuyahoga County
Common Pleas Court judge4 granted the motion to transfer and transferred the underlying
case to the Medina County Common Pleas Court, Case No. 12 CIV 0660.
{¶7} On May 30, 2012, the relators moved the Medina County Common Pleas
Court to reconsider and refuse the transfer of venue. On June 28, 2012, the Medina
County judge conducted an oral hearing on the venue issue. On July 17, 2012, the judge
issued a four-page journal entry finding the possibility that co-employee immunity may
not exist in this case and ruling that Count 1’s use of “Defendants” broadly stated a
complaint for workplace intentional tort to encompass a claim against Cole. Therefore,
party other than a nominal party, or as to any one claim for relief.”
4 At that time, Judge Annette Butler presided over the underlying case.
because venue is proper in Cuyahoga County, the court transferred the case back to
Cuyahoga County.
{¶8} On August 16, 2012, Precision and Cole moved the Cuyahoga County
Common Pleas Court to refuse venue and affirm the March 28, 2012 order. They
asserted that the Medina County court erred in concluding the complaint stated a claim
against Cole. In reality, they argued Cole is only a nominal party, which is insufficient
to vest venue in Cuyahoga County. After further briefing, on January 4, 2013,
respondent Judge Gall, who succeeded Judge Butler, summarily granted the motion to
refuse venue and transferred the underlying case to Medina County.
{¶9} On January 24, 2013, the relators commenced this writ action, and on
January 25, 2013, moved the Medina County judge to stay the underlying case. On
February 13, 2013, the Medina County judge granted the stay, and declined to either
accept or reject transfer of this case until this court adjudicated this original action.
LEGAL ANALYSIS
{¶10} This court rules that the relators’ complaint in the underlying case does state
a claim of workplace intentional tort against Cole. Although the drafting of the
complaint could have and should have been better and clearer, the consistent and repeated
use of “defendants” in the plural shows that the relators intended to include Cole in Count
1 as a tortfeasor and not as just a nominal party. The sole use of “defendant’s” in
paragraph 20 does not change this analysis. It would be appropriate to change to
singular to aver that Precision removed the safety equipment. Moreover, including Cole
in Count 1 would properly apply the liberal pleading standards of Civ.R. 8.
{¶11} The respondents argue that Cole must be a nominal party, because of the
principle of co-employee immunity pursuant to R.C. 4123.741. However, this argument
is not persuasive. In the seminal case of Blankenship v. Cincinnati Milacron Chems.,
Inc., 69 Ohio St.2d 608, 433 N.E.2d 572 (1982), the Supreme Court of Ohio in the
syllabus specifically held that R.C. 4123.741 does not preclude an employee from seeking
a common law remedy for intentional tort. This court further notes that Blankenship
sued his co-employees in that case. Furthermore, this court in Lacava v. Walton, 8th
Dist. No. 69190, 1996 Ohio App. LEXIS 2420 (June 13, 1996), ruled that R.C. 4123.741
does not act as a bar to an employee’s intentional tort claim against a co-employee.
Stockum v. Rumpke Container Serv., Inc., 21 Ohio App.3d 236, 486 N.E.2d 1283 (1st
Dist.1985). Thus, it is possible and permissible to state an intentional tort claim against
a co-employee, and the relators, however inartfully, have done so in this case.
{¶12} The respondents’ reliance on Sprouse v. Kall, 8th Dist. No. 82388,
2004-Ohio-353, that the inconsistent use of singular and plural shows that a party was not
included in the intentional tort claim is misplaced. In that case, the history of the
litigation, especially the motion to amend the complaint, showed that the plaintiff no
longer sought to include Sunoco in the intentional tort claim, but would pursue only a
negligence claim against Sunoco. Therefore, the inconsistent use of singular and plural
in the intentional tort claim would not be controlling. In the present case, the litigation
history indicates that the relators intended to include Cole in Count 1. Moreover,
Sprouse affirms the liberal pleading standards of Civ.R. 8.
{¶13} The respondents further argue that mandamus and procedendo are not
proper remedies to contest a venue ruling; appeal after full litigation is the proper remedy.
The requisites for mandamus are well established: (1) the relator must have a clear legal
right to the requested relief, (2) the respondent must have a clear legal duty to perform the
requested relief and (3) there must be no adequate remedy at law. State ex rel. Ney v.
Niehaus, 33 Ohio St.3d 118, 515 N.E.2d 914 (1987). Mandamus is not a substitute for
appeal. State ex rel. Pressley v. Indus. Comm. of Ohio, 11 Ohio St.2d 141, 228 N.E.2d
631 (1967), paragraph three of the syllabus. Although mandamus should be used with
caution, the court has discretion in issuing it. In Pressley, paragraph seven of the
syllabus, the Supreme Court of Ohio ruled that “in considering the allowance or denial of
the writ of mandamus on the merits, [the court] will exercise sound, legal and judicial
discretion based upon all the facts and circumstances in the individual case and the justice
to be done.” Similarly, the writ of procedendo is merely an order from a court of
superior jurisdiction to one of inferior jurisdiction to proceed to judgment. Yee v. Erie
Cty. Sheriff’s Dept., 51 Ohio St.3d 43, 553 N.E.2d 1354 (1990). Procedendo is
appropriate when a court has either refused to render a judgment or has unnecessarily
delayed proceeding to judgment. State ex rel. Watkins v. Eighth Dist. Court of Appeals,
82 Ohio St.3d 532, 1998-Ohio-190, 696 N.E.2d 1079. It will not issue when there is an
adequate remedy at law. State ex rel. Hansen v. Reed, 63 Ohio St.3d 597, 589 N.E.2d
1324 (1992). The court notes that the respondents have cited several cases that hold
appeal after a final resolution to address venue issues is an adequate remedy at law
precluding an extraordinary writ.
{¶14} However, extraordinary writs have been used to resolve venue disputes.
State ex rel. Smith v. Cuyahoga Cty. Court of Common Pleas, 106 Ohio St.3d 151,
2005-Ohio-4103, 832 N.E.2d 1206; State ex rel. Ohio State Racing Comm. v. Walton, 37
Ohio St.3d 246, 525 N.E.2d 756 (1988); State ex rel. Starner v. DeHoff, 18 Ohio St.3d
163, 480 N.E.2d 449 (1985); and State ex rel. Wood v. McCrystal, 97 Ohio App.3d 419,
646 N.E.2d 1130 (6th Dist.1994).
{¶15} Smith is particularly instructive. In that case, Smith brought a medical
malpractice case in Cuyahoga County against the Cleveland Clinic and various other
doctors and hospitals. The Cuyahoga County judge transferred the case to Wayne
County, because a substantial portion of treatment occurred in Wayne County. Smith
reached a partial settlement and dismissed her remaining claims against the Cleveland
Clinic without prejudice. She then recommenced her lawsuit solely against the
Cleveland Clinic in Cuyahoga County. The Cuyahoga County judge again transferred
venue to Wayne County. However, the Wayne County court refused the transfer and
returned the case to Cuyahoga County because the Cleveland Clinic has its principal place
of business in Cuyahoga County and the case was properly venued there. Nevertheless,
the Cuyahoga County judge transferred venue back to Wayne County. At that time,
Smith brought a mandamus action to compel the Cuyahoga County Court of Common
Pleas to vacate the orders transferring venue to Wayne County and to adjudicate the case.
{¶16} The Supreme Court of Ohio granted the writ, holding that Smith’s medical
malpractice case was properly venued in Cuyahoga County because Cleveland Clinic’s
principal place of business was there. The Supreme Court of Ohio further held that
appeal would not be an adequate remedy at law, because with both courts in their most
recent decisions refusing to accept jurisdiction, waiting for an appeal, if the case ever
proceeded to resolution, would not be a complete, beneficial, and speedy remedy.
{¶17} This court concludes that Smith is controlling. The procedural postures of
the two cases are indistinguishable. The Cuyahoga County court has twice transferred
venue to another court, and the Medina County court, in a written opinion, has concluded
that venue was proper in Cuyahoga County. Following the example of the Supreme
Court of Ohio, this court will issue the writs to cut the “Gordian knot” of venue in this
case.
{¶18} The respondents suggest that this matter is moot, because the Medina
County court has accepted jurisdiction. However, the Medina County court’s
pronouncement that it will neither accept nor decline jurisdiction until this court’s ruling
is inconsistent with the notion that it has accepted the case.
{¶19} In summary, the relators have stated a claim for workplace intentional tort
against Cole, as shown by the repeated use of “defendants” in Count 1. Because Cole
resides in Cuyahoga County, venue is proper there, and the case should not be transferred
to another county on the basis of venue. The issues of whether Cole actually committed
an intentional tort or whether statutory authority precludes the claim against Cole have yet
to be determined, and this court expresses no opinion on those issues. Given the
peculiar procedural posture of this matter, the extraordinary writs of mandamus and
procedendo are appropriate remedies.
{¶20} Accordingly, this court denies the respondents’ motions for summary
judgment and grants the relators’ motion for summary judgment. This court grants the
writs of mandamus and procedendo to compel the respondent judge to vacate the orders
transferring the underlying case, to accept venue over the underlying case, and to
adjudicate the merits of the case. Costs assessed against respondents. This court
directs the clerk of court to serve all parties notice of this judgment and its date of entry
upon the journal as required by Civ.R. 58(B).
{¶21} Writs granted.
___________________________________________________
TIM McCORMACK, JUDGE
MELODY J. STEWART, A.J., and
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J., CONCUR
State ex rel. Yeaples v. Gall
Combined Opinion