[Cite as Ferrell v. Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co., 2011-Ohio-3385.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 95649
BETTIE FERRELL, ET AL.
PLAINTIFFS-APPELLANTS
vs.
NATIONWIDE MUTUAL INS. CO., ET AL.
DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES
JUDGMENT:
AFFIRMED
Civil Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CV-704212
BEFORE: Jones, J., Blackmon, P.J., and Cooney, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: July 7, 2011
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANTS
James M. Johnson
110 Hoyt Block Building
700 West St. Clair Avenue
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEES
Gregory E. O’Brien
Cavitch, Familo & Durkin Co., LPA
Twentieth Floor
1300 East Ninth Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44114
LARRY A. JONES, J.:
{¶ 1} Plaintiffs-appellants, Bettie Ferrell and Julius Thompson, appeal the trial court’s
grant of summary judgment in favor of defendants-appellees, Nationwide Mutual Insurance
Company, Nationwide Mutual Fire Insurance Company, and Nationwide Property and
Casualty Insurance Company. We affirm.
I. Procedural History and Facts
{¶ 2} The record before us demonstrates the following. Ferrell was the owner of
property located at 2934 East Boulevard in the city of Cleveland. She was the sole named
insured under an insurance policy issued by Nationwide Mutual Fire Insurance Company
(“Nationwide”) relative to the property. Ferrell did not live at the property; rather, she rented
it to her brother, Thompson. Thompson primarily resided in Maryland and would stay at the
property on his occasional visits to Cleveland, his hometown.
{¶ 3} Because Ferrell had health issues, Thompson agreed that he would “take care of
the house.” Pursuant to their oral agreement, Thompson paid Ferrell $500 a month and could
“do whatever he wanted with the house,” including subleasing it.
{¶ 4} In July or August 2006, Thompson, through an oral agreement, subleased the
property to his and Ferrell’s nephew, Fred Roberts. Beginning in early August, the gas
service to the property, which had previously been registered in Thompson’s name, was
transferred to Roberts’s name. Thompson and Roberts agreed that Roberts was to pay $675
monthly rent.
{¶ 5} Roberts was not paying his rent, however, and he and Thompson had a
disagreement, which led to Thompson and Roberts having a document notarized on January 4,
2007. In the document, they agreed that Roberts owed Thompson some $3,500, Roberts
was to vacate the property by January 17, 2007, and that after that date, Thompson had the
right to remove any of Roberts’s remaining belongings. Thompson prepared the document,
and he and Roberts both signed it. Thompson was in Cleveland for the notarization of the
document, but left town after that.
{¶ 6} Roberts made a request on January 18 that gas service for the property be
discontinued; the gas was turned off on January 26.
{¶ 7} On January 18, Thompson called Roberts’s cell phone but Roberts did not
answer. Thompson was not able to leave a message because the voicemail box was full and
could not accept any more messages. Unable to reach Roberts, Thompson asked his brother
to check on the house. On January 25, the day before the gas service was disconnected, the
brother called Thompson from inside the house and told him that, although Roberts was not
present at the time of his visit, the utilities were still on and it appeared that Roberts still lived
there.
{¶ 8} On February 20, Thompson came to Cleveland, went to the house, and
discovered that the steam radiator and plumbing systems had frozen, resulting in burst pipes
and damage to the property.
{¶ 9} Ferrell made a claim with Nationwide, and the company initiated an
investigation, during the course of which it interviewed Ferrell, Thompson, and Roberts. In a
letter dated March 1, 2007, Nationwide informed Ferrell that it was denying her claim.
{¶ 10} In September 2009, Ferrell and Thompson filed this action against Nationwide
Mutual Insurance Company, Nationwide Mutual Fire Insurance Company, Nationwide
Property and Casualty Insurance Company, and Fred Roberts. Counts 1 and 2 asserted a
1
1
This was the second filing. The first action, Case No. CV-651032, filed in February 2008,
cause of action against the Nationwide companies for breach of contract and breach of duty to
act in good faith, respectively. Count 3 asserted a cause of action against Roberts for
2
negligence and breach of lease agreement. The plaintiffs never obtained service on Roberts.
{¶ 11} The Nationwide companies filed an answer, counterclaim, and cross-claim. In
its counterclaim, the Nationwide companies sought a declaratory judgment with respect to the
insurance policy at issue and indemnification or contribution against Thompson. In its
cross-claim, the Nationwide companies sought indemnification or contribution against Roberts.
{¶ 12} The Nationwide companies filed a motion for summary judgment, which
plaintiffs opposed. In an August 4, 2010 judgment entry, the trial court granted the
Nationwide companies’ motion for summary judgment on the plaintiffs’ complaint and the
Nationwide companies’ counterclaim for declaratory judgment. The court found that there
was “no just cause for delay.”
{¶ 13} Thompson and Ferrell assign the following assignment of error for our review:
“The trial court erred in granting the motion for summary judgment of
defendants/appellees, Nationwide Mutual Fire Insurance Company, Nationwide Mutual
Insurance Company and Nationwide Property & Casualty Insurance Company.”
II. Law and Analysis
{¶ 14} Appellate review of summary judgment is de novo. Grafton v. Ohio Edison
was dismissed without prejudice by the plaintiffs in May 2009.
The bad faith claim was bifurcated from, and stayed pending resolution of, the other claims.
2
Co., 77 Ohio St.3d 102, 105, 1996-Ohio-336, 671 N.E.2d 241. The Ohio Supreme Court
stated the appropriate test in Zivich v. Mentor Soccer Club, 82 Ohio St.3d 367, 369–370,
1998-Ohio-389, 696 N.E.2d 201, as follows:
“Pursuant to Civ.R. 56, summary judgment is appropriate when (1) there is no genuine
issue of material fact, (2) the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law,
and (3) reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion and that conclusion is
adverse to the nonmoving party, said party being entitled to have the evidence
construed most strongly in his favor. Horton v. Harwick Chem. Corp. (1995), 73
Ohio St.3d 679, 653 N.E.2d 1196, paragraph three of the syllabus. The party moving
for summary judgment bears the burden of showing that there is no genuine issue of
material fact and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Dresher v. Burt
(1996), 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 292–293, 662 N.E.2d 264, 273–274.”
{¶ 15} The relevant portion of the insurance policy provided as follows:
“12. * * * d. [Accidental discharge or overflow of water or steam] peril does
not include loss * * * caused by or resulting from freezing except as provided in the
peril of freezing below[.]”
“* * *
“14. Freezing of a plumbing, heating, air conditioning or automatic fire protective
sprinkler system or of a household appliance.
“This peril does not include loss on the Described Location while the dwelling is
vacant, unoccupied or being constructed, unless you have used reasonable care to:
“a. maintain heat in the building; or
“b. shut off the water supply and drain the system and appliances of water.”
(Emphasis sic.)
{¶ 16} The Nationwide companies’ summary judgment motion was based on three
grounds. First, the companies contended that summary judgment in favor of Nationwide
Mutual Insurance Company and Nationwide Property and Casualty Insurance Company was
proper because those defendants never contracted with Ferrell. In support of its contention
the companies submitted the affidavit of a representative of Nationwide Mutual Fire Insurance
Company who averred that it was the company that issued the policy to Ferrell. Further,
Nationwide also submitted answers to plaintiffs’ interrogatories, wherein it responded that:
“Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company and Nationwide Property and Casualty
Insurance Company have no relationship of any kind to the Plaintiffs or to the loss that
is in issue. They are not proper parties to this suit and the complaint states no claim
against them.”
{¶ 17} Ferrell and Thompson did not contest Nationwide’s claim. Therefore,
summary judgment was properly granted in favor of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
and Nationwide Property and Casualty Insurance Company. The second ground upon
which Nationwide sought summary judgment was related to Thompson. Specifically, the
company contended that Thompson lacked standing to sue the company because he was not a
named insured under the policy and no provision in the policy extended coverage to him.
Ferrell and Thompson did not contest the company’s claim in their opposition to the summary
judgment motion, and upon review of the policy, we agree with Nationwide. Accordingly,
summary judgment in favor of Nationwide and against Thompson was proper.
{¶ 18} The final ground upon which Nationwide based its summary judgment motion
was on the theory of agency-principal. Specifically, the company contended that Thompson
was Ferrell’s agent, and his actions were imputed to Ferrell for the purpose of determining
whether she was entitled to coverage. According to the company, “Thompson did almost
nothing to protect the home from damages that anyone could have seen coming under [the]
circumstances.”
{¶ 19} In opposition to Nationwide’s contention, Ferrell and Thompson contended that
the relationship between them was a “classic” landlord-tenant one, and Thompson, as a tenant,
could not bind Ferrell. According to the plaintiffs, “Nationwide has tried to morph their
relationship into that of Julius Thompson being a hired property manager. This is not
supported by any of the evidence adduced in this case.”
{¶ 20} Ferrell and Thompson contend that the trial court granted summary judgment to
Nationwide based on an unsupported contention in the complaint. Specifically, in their
complaint, the plaintiffs alleged that Thompson was the “property manager.” In its judgment
entry, the trial court found that, based on their complaint, the plaintiffs admitted that
Thompson was Ferrell’s agent.
{¶ 21} We agree with Ferrell and Thompson that an allegation in a complaint is not an
admission; rather, it is a contention that will be proved or disproved. But the allegation in the
complaint was not the sole ground on which the trial court found that Thompson was Ferrell’s
agent. Rather, the trial court also based its finding on the persuasiveness of Nationwide’s
“argument that plaintiff Julius Thompson was an agent of plaintiff Bettie Ferrell.”
{¶ 22} In support of its summary judgment motion, Nationwide submitted the
deposition testimonies of Ferrell and Thompson. Ferrell testified that she did not have
anything to do with the property; rather, she rented it to Thompson “to do whatever he
wanted,” and her only involvement was collecting the $500 monthly rent from him. She
testified that because of health issues, she was not able to be involved with the particulars of
maintaining the property.
{¶ 23} Thompson testified that he assumed responsibility for the maintenance of the
property for two reasons: one, to help his sister, and two, so that he would have a place to stay
when he came to town. He described himself as the “property manager,” and testified about
various projects that he had completed in the house, in the hope that he would one day
purchase it.
{¶ 24} Although Thompson testified at deposition that he did not take further action in
regard to the property after January 25 because his brother told him that Roberts was still on
the property, he abandoned that argument and did not make it in opposition to Nationwide’s
summary judgment motion, or now on appeal. Rather, Thompson contended that he was not
Ferrell’s agent.
{¶ 25} A landlord is not automatically the principal of her tenant. Trenka v. Cipriani
Invest. Co. (Oct. 6, 1983), Cuyahoga App. No. 45987. An agency relationship can be created
when a property owner hires a manager. See White, Ohio Landlord Tenant Law (2010-2011
Ed.) 34, Section 2:23. Thus, in order to rely on a principal-agency theory in the context of a
landlord-tenant relationship, it must be demonstrated that an agency relationship existed.
{¶ 26} “‘Under Ohio law an agency relationship is a consensual relationship (between
two persons) where the agent has the power to bind the principal, and the principal has the
right to control the agent. The existence of an agency relationship depends primarily upon
the right of the principal to control the agent.’” Remy v. Graszl (Dec. 23, 1998), Richland
App. No. 98 CA 64, quoting Arnson v. Gen. Motors Corp. (N.D.Ohio 1974), 377 F.Supp. 209.
The agreement to create an agency relationship may be express or implied. Trimble-Weber
v. Weber (1997), 119 Ohio App.3d 402, 407, 695 N.E.2d 344, citing Johnson v. Tanksy
Sawmill Toyota, Inc. (1994), 95 Ohio App.3d 164, 167, 642 N.E.2d 9. The party alleging the
existence of an agency relationship bears the burden of proving that such a relationship exists.
Gardner Plumbing, Inc. v. Cottrill (1975), 44 Ohio St.2d 111, 115, 338 N.E.2d 757; Remy
citing Grigsby v. O.K. Travel (1997), 118 Ohio App.3d 671, 675, 693 N.E.2d 1142.
{¶ 27} In Ross v. Burgan (1955), 163 Ohio St. 211, 126 N.E.2d 592, the Ohio Supreme
Court held that, “the test as to whether a person is the agent of another is the right of control
of the one over the other.” Id. at 219. Further, “the existence of the agency relationship
‘depends upon the right of control, and not upon actual exercise of control at the moment.’”
Tittle v. Maurer (Oct. 23, 1995), Shelby App. No. 17-95-5, citing 3 Ohio Jurisprudence 3d
(1978) 15-16, Agency, Section 1. “Thus, agency does not rely upon whether the principal
actually directs or takes control over the actions of the agent, but, rather, whether the principal
retains the right to control the situation.” Tittle at fn. 3.
{¶ 28} Ferrell owned the property. As the owner, she retained the right to control the
property. But at the time of the incident giving rise to this case, she had relinquished her
control to Thompson. Specifically, Ferrell testified that because of health issues she did not
have anything to do with the property; rather, she relied on Thompson to take control of it and
he was free to do as he pleased. Thompson accepted that control and testified that he was the
“property manager.”
{¶ 29} Thus, in light of the above, the trial court’s finding that Thompson was Ferrell’s
agent was proper, and no genuine issue of material fact remained on that issue. Having
determined that Ferrell and Thompson had an agency relationship, we now consider whether
the trial court’s finding that both Thompson and Ferrell failed to use reasonable care in regard
to the property was proper.
{¶ 30} In regard to Ferrell, she testified that she did not do anything in regard to the
maintenance of the property. She was not aware of the specifics of the arrangement between
Thompson and Roberts and, in fact, was not even aware that Thompson had asked Roberts to
vacate the property. Thus, the trial court’s finding that Ferrell did not act with reasonable
care was proper.
{¶ 31} In regard to Thompson, he testified at his deposition that after he spoke with his
brother on January 25, he did not take further action in regard to the property because he
believed that Roberts had not vacated the property and the utilities were still on. On the facts
and circumstances of this case, we find that assumption was unreasonable.
{¶ 32} Specifically, the record demonstrates that Thompson was upset with Roberts
because in the approximate six months Roberts lived in the house he had only paid Thompson
$200. Because Roberts failed to pay rent, Thompson prepared, and on January 4, 2007, had
a document notarized, wherein it was set forth that Roberts owed him some $3,500 and
directed Roberts to leave the house by January 17, after which Thompson could remove his
property. Roberts signed the document.
{¶ 33} The house was never empty; Thompson left some of his personal belongings at
the house. Thompson testified at deposition that he let Roberts use the “stuff” that he left in
the house, which he left for his (Thompson’s) use when he came into town. Thus,
Thompson’s reliance on his brother’s observation that it appeared that Roberts did not move
out was unreasonable, in light of the acrimony that existed between him and Roberts and the
document Roberts signed directing him to vacate the premises by January 17. Further, by
Thompson’s own admission, he did not do anything to confirm his brother’s belief that
Roberts was still residing at the property, and waited almost a month before checking on the
property.
{¶ 34} In light of the above, the trial court did not err in granting summary judgment in
favor of the Nationwide companies and against Ferrell and Thompson. The sole assignment
of error is therefore overruled.
Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellees recover of appellants their costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the Cuyahoga
County Court of Common Pleas to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.
LARRY A. JONES, JUDGE
PATRICIA A. BLACKMON, P.J., CONCURS;
COLLEEN CONWAY COONEY, J., CONCURS
IN JUDGMENT ONLY