[Cite as State v. Montgomery, 2011-Ohio-3259.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 95700
STATE OF OHIO
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
KENNETH MONTGOMERY
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT:
AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-535180
BEFORE: Kilbane, A.J., Sweeney, J., and Jones, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: June 30, 2011
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Stephen L. Miles
20800 Center Ridge Road
Suite 405
Rocky River, Ohio 44116
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
William D. Mason
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
Ronni Ducoff
Assistant County Prosecutor
The Justice Center - 8th Floor
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, A.J.:
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Kenneth Montgomery (Montgomery),
appeals his conviction. Finding no merit to the appeal, we affirm.
{¶ 2} In April 2010, Montgomery was charged with gross sexual
imposition, which carried a sexually violent predator specification. 1 The
matter proceeded to jury trial, at which the following evidence was adduced.
1The sexually violent predator specification was bifurcated and dismissed by
the State at trial.
{¶ 3} On January 16, 2010, the victim, J.M., slept over her friend’s
home.2 Her friend, J.W., lived with her grandmother and Montgomery (the
father of two of the grandmother’s children). J.M. and J.W. slept in the
living room with Montgomery and J.W.’s cousins. Montgomery laid on a mat
on the floor with J.W.’s cousins, while J.M. and J.W. were on the couch
watching TV. At some point, J.W. moved to the floor with Montgomery and
her cousins.
{¶ 4} Around 3:00 a.m., everyone was asleep except for J.M. and
Montgomery. Montgomery approached J.M. while she was lying on the
couch and rubbed and squeezed her buttock. He also kissed J.M. on the
cheek. Montgomery told J.M. to spread her legs and that he was going to get
on top of her. J.M. replied, “no, I don’t want to.” J.M. testified that
Montgomery then went back and laid down on the mat. He told J.M. not to
tell anyone what happened. He also said, “if you let me do this, I’ll give you
a Snickers.” After Montgomery left in the morning, J.M. told J.W. what
happened with him. J.W. told her grandmother, who called J.M.’s mother.
J.M.’s mother picked up J.M. and called the police.
2The victim and State’s witnesses are referred to herein by their initials in accordance with this
court’s policy regarding nondisclosure of identities in cases involving sexual violence.
{¶ 5} At the conclusion of trial, the jury found Montgomery guilty of
gross sexual imposition. The trial court sentenced Montgomery to two years
in prison and classified him as a Tier II sex offender.
{¶ 6} Montgomery now appeals, raising four assignments of error for
review, which we will address out of order for ease of discussion.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR FOUR
“[Montgomery’s] conviction was against the manifest
weight of the evidence.”
{¶ 7} In State v. Wilson, 113 Ohio St.3d 382, 2007-Ohio-2202, 865
N.E.2d 1264, ¶25, the Ohio Supreme Court restated the standard of review
for a criminal manifest weight challenge as follows:
“The criminal manifest-weight-of-the-evidence standard
was explained in State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380,
[1997-Ohio-52] 678 N.E.2d 541. In Thompkins, the court
distinguished between sufficiency of the evidence and
manifest weight of the evidence, finding that these
concepts differ both qualitatively and quantitatively. Id.
at 386, 678 N.E.2d 541. The court held that sufficiency of
the evidence is a test of adequacy as to whether the
evidence is legally sufficient to support a verdict as a
matter of law, but weight of the evidence addresses the
evidence’s effect of inducing belief. Id. at 386-387, 678
N.E.2d 541. In other words, a reviewing court asks whose
evidence is more persuasive — the state’s or the
defendant’s? We went on to hold that although there may
be sufficient evidence to support a judgment, it could
nevertheless be against the manifest weight of the
evidence. Id. at 387, 678 N.E.2d 541. ‘When a court of
appeals reverses a judgment of a trial court on the basis
that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence, the
appellate court sits as a “thirteenth juror” and disagrees
with the factfinder’s resolution of the conflicting
testimony.’ Id. at 387, 678 N.E.2d 541, citing Tibbs v.
Florida (1982), 457 U.S. 31, 42, 102 S.Ct. 2211, 72 L.Ed.2d
652.”
{¶ 8} Moreover, an appellate court may not merely substitute its view
for that of the jury, but must find that “in resolving conflicts in the evidence,
the jury clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice
that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered.” Thompkins at
387. Accordingly, reversal on manifest weight grounds is reserved for “the
exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily against the conviction.”
Id., quoting State v. Martin (1983), 20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175, 485 N.E.2d 717,
720.
{¶ 9} Montgomery argues that the jury lost its way when it convicted
him of gross sexual imposition. He contends that there was no evidence to
corroborate J.M.’s testimony. He also attacks J.M.’s credibility, claiming
that her testimony was contradictory and confusing. Specifically, he refers
to J.M.’s testimony that she was asleep when J.W.’s relatives came home
after the incident, while J.W.’s aunt testified that J.M. was awake and J.M.’s
failure to mention that Montgomery kissed her on the cheek to the police and
social worker and her failure to tell the social worker about Montgomery
asking her to lay on top of her and spread her legs.
{¶ 10} We note that “[a] defendant is not entitled to a reversal on
manifest weight grounds merely because inconsistent evidence was presented
at trial. The determination of weight and credibility of the evidence is for
the trier of fact. The rationale is that the trier of fact is in the best position
to take into account inconsistencies, along with the witnesses’ manner and
demeanor, and determine whether the witnesses’ testimony is credible. As
such, the trier of fact is free to believe or disbelieve all or any of the
testimony. Consequently, although an appellate court must act as a
‘thirteenth juror’ when considering whether the manifest weight of the
evidence requires reversal, it must give great deference to the fact finder’s
determination of the witnesses’ credibility.” (Citations omitted.) State v.
Blackman, Cuyahoga App. No. 95168, 2011-Ohio-2262, ¶21.
{¶ 11} Upon review, we do not find that the jury clearly lost its way in
assessing J.M.’s testimony. Rather, J.M. admitted that she did not tell the
police or social worker about the kiss. In addition, Cleveland Police
Detective Alan Strickler (“Strickler”) testified that he learned about the kiss
from J.W. when he interviewed her at the house. Strickler further testified
that the responding officer does not conduct an exhaustive interview.
Instead, their role is to gather basic information and refer it to the
appropriate detective bureau, which explains why “the kiss” was not
described in the initial police report.
{¶ 12} Moreover, there is no requirement, statutory or otherwise, that
J.M.’s testimony be corroborated as a condition precedent to conviction. See
State v. Davis, Cuyahoga App. No. 91324, 2011-Ohio-2387, ¶10 (where this
court found that there is no requirement that the rape and gross sexual
imposition victims’ testimony be corroborated as a condition precedent to
conviction). Here, J.M. testified Montgomery approached her while she was
lying on the couch and rubbed and squeezed her buttock over her clothing.
He also kissed her on the cheek and told J.M. to spread her legs.
Montgomery told her not to tell anyone what happened. J.M.’s testimony,
the relationship of J.M. to Montgomery’s family, and her subsequent
disclosures do not reveal any reason for J.M. to fabricate the accusations
against Montgomery.
{¶ 13} Thus, the jury could find the testimony of the State’s witnesses
more believable and find Montgomery guilty of gross sexual imposition.
Accordingly, we cannot say that the jury “clearly lost its way and created such
a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a
new trial ordered.” Martin at 175.
{¶ 14} Therefore, the fourth assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR ONE
“[Montgomery] was denied effective assistance of
counsel.”
{¶ 15} In order to substantiate a claim for ineffective assistance of
counsel, Montgomery must demonstrate “(a) deficient performance (‘errors so serious
that counsel was not functioning as the “counsel” guaranteed the defendant by the Sixth
Amendment’) and (b) prejudice (‘errors * * * so serious as to deprive the defendant of a fair
trial, a trial whose result is reliable’). Strickland v. Washington (1984), 466 U.S. 668, 687,
104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674. Accord State v. Bradley (1989), 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 538
N.E.2d 373.” State v. Adams, 103 Ohio St.3d 508, 2004-Ohio-5845, 817 N.E.2d 29, ¶30.
{¶ 16} In Ohio, a properly licensed attorney is presumed competent. Vaughn v.
Maxwell (1965), 2 Ohio St.2d 299, 209 N.E.2d 164. In evaluating whether a petitioner has
been denied the effective assistance of counsel, the Ohio Supreme Court held that the test is
“whether the accused, under all the circumstances, * * * had a fair trial and substantial justice
was done.” State v. Hester (1976), 45 Ohio St.2d 71, 341 N.E.2d 304, paragraph four of the
syllabus. When making that evaluation, a court must determine “whether there has been a
substantial violation of any of defense counsel’s essential duties to his client” and “whether the
defense was prejudiced by counsel’s ineffectiveness.” State v. Lytle (1976), 48 Ohio St.2d
391, 358 N.E.2d 623; State v. Calhoun, 86 Ohio St.3d 279, 1999-Ohio-102, 714 N.E.2d 905.
To demonstrate that a defendant has been prejudiced, the defendant must prove “that there
exists a reasonable probability that, were it not for counsel’s errors, the result of the trial would
have been different.” Bradley at paragraph three of the syllabus.
{¶ 17} In the instant case, defense counsel asked Strickler during
cross-examination, to read the statement Montgomery gave to the police.
Strickler testified on the night in question that Montgomery stated that he
was asleep on the mat. Montgomery then woke up to use the restroom.
J.M.’s feet were in his way, so he grabbed J.M. by the ankles and put her legs
on the couch. After using the restroom, he went back to sleep on the mat.
Montgomery stated that he never spoke to J.M. during the night and that he
never offered her a Snickers candy bar.
{¶ 18} On redirect, the trial court allowed the State, over defense
counsel’s objection, to introduce Montgomery’s prior attempted robbery and
aggravated assault convictions. The State argued it could use these prior
convictions to impeach Montgomery because the admission of Montgomery’s
statement through Strickler’s testimony was hearsay. See Evid.R. 806.3
{¶ 19} Montgomery claims defense counsel was ineffective for
introducing Montgomery’s written statement because it “opened the door” for
the State to bring in his prior criminal history. We disagree.
{¶ 20} In the instant case, Montgomery was represented by highly
competent counsel, who made the strategic decision to introduce
3Evid.R. 806(A) provides that: “[w]hen a hearsay statement, or a statement
defined in Evid.R. 801(D)(2), (c), (d), or (e), has been admitted in evidence, the
credibility of the declarant may be attacked, and if attacked may be supported, by
any evidence that would be admissible for those purposes if declarant had testified
as a witness.”
Montgomery’s statement without having to call Montgomery to the stand.
“This court must presume that a licensed attorney is competent and that the
challenged action is the product of sound trial strategy and falls within the
wide range of professional assistance. Strickland at 689. Courts must
generally refrain from second-guessing trial counsel’s strategy, even where
that strategy is questionable, and appellate counsel claims that a different
strategy would have been more effective. State v. Jalowiec, 91 Ohio St.3d
220, 237, 2001-Ohio-26, 744 N.E.2d 163.” State v. Dudley, Cuyahoga App.
No. 94972, 2011-Ohio-726, ¶7.
{¶ 21} Defense counsel’s strategy was to emphasize the alleged
inconsistencies in J.M.’s account as to what happened on the night in
question. In opening statement, defense counsel stated “the evidence will
show * * * that when confronted with these accusations * * * Montgomery
said, * * * ‘No, that didn’t happen’” to the police and the social worker.
Defense counsel also stated in opening that the jury will hear things such as
“the Snickers bar that never existed.” It was defense counsel’s objective to
show the jury that Montgomery was consistent with his denial when
questioned by Strickler and the social worker. While the statement led to
the disclosure of Montgomery’s prior conviction, defense counsel indicated
that there were reasons for this line of questioning. Defense counsel stated
he made the decision to ask Strickler about the statement because on direct
examination Strickler testified that Montgomery made a statement.
{¶ 22} While the introduction of Montgomery’s criminal record may have
impaired his credibility, it cannot be said that it changed the outcome of the
trial. As discussed in the first assignment of error, the jury did not lose its
way when it convicted him of gross sexual imposition. Thus, Montgomery
failed to demonstrate the existence of any materially deficient performance by
counsel and resulting prejudice.
{¶ 23} Accordingly, the first assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR TWO
“The trial court erred by not properly instructing the jury
on the [State’s] use of [Montgomery’s] criminal history.”
{¶ 24} Montgomery argues the trial court should have instructed the
jury to consider his prior attempted robbery and aggravated assault
convictions only for the limited purpose to judge his credibility, not his
character.
{¶ 25} However, defense counsel did not request a limiting instruction.
Thus, we review this issue for plain error under Crim.R. 52. See State v.
Wamsley, 117 Ohio St.3d 388, 2008-Ohio-1195, 884 N.E.2d 45, ¶25. See,
also, Crim.R. 30(A). “Notice of plain error under Crim.R. 52(B) is to be taken
with the utmost caution, under exceptional circumstances and only to prevent
a manifest miscarriage of justice.” State v. Long (1978), 53 Ohio St.2d 91,
372 N.E.2d 804, paragraph three of the syllabus. In order to find plain error,
it must be determined that, but for the error, the outcome of the trial clearly
would have been otherwise. Id. at paragraph two of the syllabus. Moreover,
Montgomery bears the burden of demonstrating that a plain error affected his
substantial rights. State v. Perry, 101 Ohio St.3d 118, 2004-Ohio-297, 802
N.E.2d 643, ¶14.
{¶ 26} In the instant case, Montgomery failed to demonstrate that the
trial court’s failure to sua sponte give the jury a limiting instruction affected
his substantial rights. There is no evidence in the record supporting his
claim that the jury relied on the prior convictions when it convicted him of
gross sexual imposition. Moreover, defense counsel chose not to seek a
limiting instruction. Rather, in closing argument defense counsel stated that
the jury “can consider [Montgomery’s] record for his ability to be truthful or
not. It’s not that, because he committed a crime, he’s likely to commit more
crime. That’s not it at all.” The State also advised the jury to only use
Montgomery’s criminal history to gauge his credibility.
{¶ 27} Thus, the second assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR THREE
“[Montgomery] was denied a fair trial in violation of [his
constitutional rights] when the prosecutor engaged in
misconduct during closing argument.”
{¶ 28} The test for prosecutorial misconduct in closing argument is
“‘whether the remarks were improper and, if so, whether they prejudicially
affected substantial rights of the defendant.’” State v. Hessler, 90 Ohio St.3d
108, 125, 2000-Ohio-30, 734 N.E.2d 1237, quoting State v. Smith (1984), 14
Ohio St.3d 13, 14, 470 N.E.2d 883.
{¶ 29} Generally, the State is given a great deal of latitude during
closing argument. State v. Bies, 74 Ohio St.3d 320, 326, 1996-Ohio-276, 658
N.E.2d 754. Closing arguments must be viewed in their entirety to
determine whether the disputed remarks were prejudicial. State v. Mann
(1993), 93 Ohio App.3d 301, 312, 638 N.E.2d 585. “Isolated comments by a
prosecutor are not to be taken out of context and given their most damaging
meaning.” State v. Carter, 89 Ohio St.3d 593, 603, 2000-Ohio-172, 734
N.E.2d 345; citing Donnelly v. DeChristoforo (1974), 416 U.S. 637, 94 S.Ct.
1868, 40 L.Ed.2d 431. An appellant is entitled to a new trial only when a
prosecutor asks improper questions or makes improper remarks and those
questions or remarks substantially prejudiced appellant. Smith at 15.
{¶ 30} Montgomery argues that the prosecutor committed misconduct
when she made the following two comments during closing argument.
“[1] Keep in mind what [Montgomery] has to gain from his
innocent explanations of why he’s even near [J.M.], and
keep in mind what you know about him in terms of his
history, his prior convictions for attempted robbery and
aggravated assault[.]”
“[2] [The] State asks that you put yourself in [J.M.’s] shoes
and find her account of the sequence of events to be the
accurate one that you were given.”
{¶ 31} First, he argues that the State asked the jury to convict him
because of his character in that he had previous convictions. Second, he
argues the State improperly incited the juror’s emotions by asking the jurors
to put themselves in J.M.’s shoes.
{¶ 32} A review of the transcript reveals that just before making the
first statement, the State said, “[w]hen you’re analyzing [Montgomery’s]
version [of the incident], * * * I want you to gauge his credibility as you will
all the witnesses who testify; apply the tests of credibility that you apply to
all witnesses.”
{¶ 33} At no time did the State tell the jury that Montgomery must have
committed the instant offense because he has prior convictions. In fact, in its
final closing argument the State said:
“You’ll recall that I asked you to look at [Montgomery’s]
criminal history when you’re gauging credibility. You
are to consider attempted robbery and [aggravated]
assault in terms of his credibility. * * * He doesn’t have
sexual offenses in his background. So no, I was never
saying to you, because he committed that kind of offense,
he committed this offense. That’s wrong. I told you
before, just consider it when you’re looking at his
statement.”
{¶ 34} Therefore, based on the foregoing, we do not find that the State’s
first comment was prejudicial.
{¶ 35} With regard to the second statement, defense counsel did not
object, and therefore, we review for plain error. As previously stated, in
order to find plain error under Crim.R. 52(B), it must be determined that, but
for the error, the outcome of the trial clearly would have been otherwise.
Long at paragraph three of the syllabus.
{¶ 36} In the instant case, the prosecutor asked the jury to put
themselves in the victim’s shoes and find her account of the events to be the
accurate one they were given. Considering the record as a whole, we cannot
conclude that the second comment constitutes plain error because we are
unconvinced that the remark contributed to Montgomery’s conviction. See
State v. Garcia, Cuyahoga App. No. 79281, 2002-Ohio-504, (where this court
found that the prosecutor’s comment asking the jury to put themselves in the
victim’s shoes did not prejudice the jury.) Moreover, Montgomery has failed
to demonstrate that the outcome of the trial would have been different had
the prosecutor not made any of the comments. Therefore, we find that these
comments did not deprive Montgomery of a fair trial nor prejudicially affect
his substantial rights.
{¶ 37} Accordingly, the third assignment of error is overruled.
Judgment is affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s
conviction having been affirmed, any bail pending appeal is terminated.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to
Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE
JAMES J. SWEENEY, J., and
LARRY A. JONES, J., CONCUR