[Cite as Bank of New York Mellon v. Burke, 2013-Ohio-2860.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
BUTLER COUNTY
BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, : CASE NO. CA2012-12-245
: OPINION
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:
JEFF A. BURKE, et al., :
Defendants-Appellants. :
CIVIL APPEAL FROM BUTLER COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
Case No. CV2011-05-1523
Jason A. Whitacre, Julie A. Terry, 4500 Courthouse Blvd., Suite 400, Stow, Ohio 44224, for
plaintiff-appellee
Stephen D. Williger, 3900 Key Center, 127 Public Square, Cleveland, Ohio 44114-1291, for
plaintiff-appellee
Michael L. Dillard, Jr., 41 South High Street, Suite 1700, Columbus, Ohio 43215, for plaintiff-
appellee
Fred Miller, 246 High Street, Hamilton, Ohio 45011, for defendants-appellants
Michael T. Gmoser, Butler County Prosecuting Attorney, Government Services Center, 315
High Street, 11th Floor, Hamilton, Ohio 45011, for defendant, Butler County Treasurer
HENDRICKSON, P.J.
{¶ 1} Defendants-appellants, Jeff and Mary Jo Burke, appeal a decision of the Butler
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County Common Pleas Court granting summary judgment in favor of plaintiff-appellee, Bank
of New York Mellon, in a foreclosure suit.1
{¶ 2} On February 15, 2005, appellants executed an adjustable rate promissory note
and mortgage (the "Note" and "Mortgage") in favor of SouthStar Funding, LLC in exchange
for a loan in the amount of $320,000. The Mortgage was recorded in the Butler County
Recorder's Office on February 24, 2005 and the Note contained an allonge, indorsing the
Note in blank.
{¶ 3} The record reflects that on November 10, 2008, SouthStar Funding assigned
the Note and Mortgage to Bank of New York Mellon, who recorded the assignment on
January 22, 2009. On May 6, 2011, Bank of New York Mellon filed a complaint in foreclosure
against appellants, alleging that appellants were in default under the terms of the Note and
Mortgage, owing $319,966.11 plus interest at variable rates from September 1, 2008.
{¶ 4} On July 26, 2012, Bank of New York Mellon moved for summary judgment.
Appellants filed a memorandum in opposition arguing that genuine issues of material fact
exist as to whether Bank of New York Mellon is the real party in interest. In support of their
arguments, appellants relied on an April 6, 2011 letter that appellants received from EMC
Mortgage, a subsidiary of JP Mortgage Chase Bank ("Chase"). The letter stated that the
servicer of appellants' loan had changed and that the "creditor to whom the balance [of
appellants' loan] is owed is Wells Fargo Master." Appellants argued that, based upon this
letter—received one month before the filing of the foreclosure action—a genuine issue of
material fact existed as to whether the real party in interest was Chase, Wells Fargo Master,
or Bank of New York Mellon. Bank of New York Mellon responded that the April 6, 2011
letter was insufficient to create a genuine issue of material fact that Chase or Wells Fargo
1. Pursuant to Loc.R. 6(A), we have sua sponte removed this appeal from the accelerated calendar.
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Master had acquired the Note and Mortgage because the date of the letter was prior to the
date of suit and Bank of New York Mellon was in possession of the Mortgage and Note,
including the allonge indorsed in blank, at the time it commenced the foreclosure action.
{¶ 5} The trial court ruled in favor of Bank of New York Mellon, adopting the bank's
position that the April 6, 2011 letter was not evidence that Bank of New York Mellon sold its
Note and Mortgage to Wells Fargo Master or Chase. Specifically, the trial court pointed out
that the letter did not reference a sale or purchase. Rather, the trial court found that "the
purpose of the Letter was to notify [appellants] that their accounts switched servicers, as well
as to provide appellants with the names and roles of the entities involved with their loan:
Wells Fargo Master as the master servicer and Chase, acting as EMC Mortgage, as the sub-
servicer." Thus, the trial court granted summary judgment in favor of Bank of New York
Mellon.
{¶ 6} From the trial court's decision, appellants appeal, raising one assignment of
error:
{¶ 7} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF DEFENDANTS-
APPELLANTS WHEN IT GRANTED SUMMARY JUDGMENT TO THE BANK OF NEW
YORK [MELLON].
{¶ 8} In their sole assignment of error, appellants argue that the trial court erred in
granting summary judgment in favor of Bank of New York Mellon because genuine issues of
material fact exist as to whether Bank of New York Mellon was the owner and holder of the
Note and Mortgage at the time the complaint in foreclosure was filed. Specifically, appellants
argue the April 6, 2011 letter indicates that Bank of New York Mellon was not the real party in
interest or, in the least, a genuine issue of material fact exists as to which entity is the real
party in interest.
{¶ 9} This court reviews a trial court's decision on summary judgment under a de
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novo standard of review. Deutsche Bank Natl. Trust Co. v. Sexton, 12th Dist. No. CA2009-
11-288, 2010-Ohio-4802, ¶ 7. Summary judgment is proper when: (1) there is no genuine
issue of material fact; (2) the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law; and (3)
reasonable minds can only come to a conclusion adverse to the party against whom the
motion is made, construing the evidence most strongly in that party's favor. Civ.R. 56(C);
Sexton at ¶ 7. The party requesting summary judgment bears the initial burden of informing
the court of the basis for the motion and identifying those portions of the record that
demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact as to the essential elements of
the nonmoving party's claims. Sexton at ¶ 7. Once a party moving for summary judgment
has satisfied its initial burden, the nonmoving party "must then rebut the moving party's
evidence with specific facts showing the existence of a genuine triable issue; it may not rest
on the mere allegations or denials in its pleadings." Id.; Civ.R. 56(E).
{¶ 10} Pursuant to Civ.R. 17(A), "[e]very action shall be prosecuted in the name of the
real party in interest." Sexton at ¶ 9; Fed. Home Loan Mortg. Corp. v. Schwartzwald, 134
Ohio St.3d 13, 2012-Ohio-5017, ¶ 31. "A real party in interest is one who can 'discharge the
claim upon which the suit is brought * * * [or] is the party who, by substantive law, possessed
the right to be enforced.'" Sexton at ¶ 9, citing BAC Home Loans Servicing, L.P. v. Hall, 12th
Dist. No. CA2009-10-135, 2010-Ohio-3472, ¶ 14. "The purpose behind the real party in
interest rule is to enable the defendant to avail himself of evidence and defenses that the
defendant has against the real party in interest and to assure him finality of the judgment,
and that he will be protected against another suit brought by the real party at interest on the
same matter." (Internal quotations omitted). Schwartzwald at ¶ 32, citing Shealy v.
Campbell, 20 Ohio St.3d 23, 24-25 (1985).
{¶ 11} "Unless the party has some real interest in the subject matter of the action, the
party lacks standing to invoke the jurisdiction of the court." Sexton at ¶ 9. Because "standing
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to sue is required to invoke the jurisdiction of the common pleas court, 'standing is to be
determined as of the commencement of suit.'" Schwartzwald at ¶ 24, quoting Lujan v.
Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 570-571, 112 S.Ct. 2130 (1992), fn. 5. Thus, "standing
is determined as of the filing of the complaint." Id. at ¶ 27.
{¶ 12} Recently, the Ohio Supreme Court addressed the real party in interest and
standing issues in the context of a foreclosure action. In Schwartzwald, the Ohio Supreme
Court determined that the plaintiff, Federal Home Loans, was not the real party in interest
with standing to invoke the jurisdiction of the common pleas court because "it failed to
establish an interest in the note or mortgage at the time it filed suit." Id. at ¶ 28.
{¶ 13} The Ohio Supreme Court's "deliberate decision to use the disjunctive word 'or'
as opposed to the conjunctive word 'and' when discussing the interest Federal Homes Loans
was required to establish at the time it filed the complaint" is significant. CitiMortgage, Inc. v.
Patterson, 8th Dist. No. 98360, 2012-Ohio-5894, ¶ 21. Pursuant to the Ohio Supreme
Court's holding in Schwartzwald, a party may establish that it is the real party in interest with
standing to invoke the jurisdiction of the common pleas court when, "at the time it files its
complaint of foreclosure, it either (1) has had a mortgage assigned or (2) is the holder of the
note." (Emphasis sic.) Id., citing Schwartzwald at ¶ 28. See also Self Help Ventures Fund v.
Jones, 11th Dist. No. 2012-A-0014, 2013-Ohio-868, ¶ 17.
{¶ 14} In support of its summary judgment motion, Bank of New York Mellon submitted
a copy of the Mortgage and Note along with the affidavits of two Chase vice-presidents,
Lanier M. Jeffrey and Nicole L. Smiley, which indicated that Chase is the "servicing agent and
custodian" for Bank of New York Mellon and that Bank of New York Mellon is in "actual
possession of the original Promissory Note and Mortgage." Bank of New York Mellon also
provided a copy of the November 10, 2008 duly executed "Assignment of Mortgage"
transferring the Mortgage from Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc., "as nominee
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for SouthStar Funding," to Bank of New York Mellon. The Assignment was recorded in the
Butler County Recorder's Office on January 22, 2009. In addition, Bank of New York Mellon
submitted a copy of an allonge to the Note, containing an indorsement by the "assistant vice-
president" of SouthStar Funding in blank.
{¶ 15} Regardless of such evidence, appellants contend that a genuine issue of
material fact remains, as the April 6, 2011 letter indicates that Wells Fargo Master is the
"creditor" of appellants' loan. We find this argument unpersuasive.
{¶ 16} As stated in Schwartzwald, the real party in interest is determined at the time
the complaint is filed. Schwartzwald at ¶ 28. In this case, at the time the complaint in
foreclosure was filed, Bank of New York Mellon was in possession of (1) the Note and
Mortgage, (2) a duly recorded assignment of the Note and Mortgage from SouthStar Funding
2
to Bank of New York Mellon, and (3) an allonge indorsed in blank. Because Bank of New
York Mellon has possession of the Note and allonge indorsed in blank, it is the current holder
with interest in the Note. Furthermore, because Bank of New York Mellon has a duly
executed assignment of the Mortgage from SouthStar Funding to Bank of New York Mellon, it
has established an interest in the Mortgage as well. Therefore, Bank of New York Mellon has
established its interest in both the Note and the Mortgage at the time the complaint was filed.
As Schwartzwald only requires a party to establish an interest in either the Note or the
Mortgage at the time the complaint is filed to be the real party in interest, Bank of New York
Mellon has satisfied the requirements of Schwartzwald and demonstrated that it is the real
party in interest in this case.
{¶ 17} Although the April 6, 2011 letter presented by appellants does state that the
2. Pursuant to R.C. 1303.25(B), an allonge indorsed in blank converts the Note to bearer paper. Specifically,
"[w]hen an instrument is indorsed in blank, the instrument becomes payable to bearer and may be negotiated by
transfer of possession alone until specially indorsed." R.C. 1303.25(B); Cent. Mtge. Co. v. Webster, 5th Dist. No.
2011CA00242, 2012-Ohio-4478, ¶ 28.
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"creditor" to whom the balance of appellants' loan is now owed is Wells Fargo Master, the
letter does not define the term creditor, does not indicate that Wells Fargo Master has
purchased the Note and Mortgage from Bank of New York Mellon, and does not provide
evidence of a new assignment of the Note and Mortgage. Furthermore, and most importantly,
the letter was written and sent to appellants prior to the filing of the complaint in foreclosure.
The relevant inquiry in a foreclosure action is whether, at the time the complaint was filed,
Bank of New York Mellon had an interest in the Note or Mortgage to establish itself as the
real party in interest with standing to invoke the jurisdiction of the common pleas court.
Based upon the foregoing, we find that Bank of New York Mellon has sufficiently
demonstrated its interest in both the Note and Mortgage in this case. As such, we find that
genuine issues of material fact do not exist in this case and Bank of New York Mellon is
entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
{¶ 18} Accordingly, appellants' sole assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 19} Judgment affirmed.
RINGLAND and PIPER, JJ., concur.
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