People v. McDermott

Illinois Official Reports

Appellate Court

People v. McDermott, 2014 IL App (4th) 120655

Appellate Court THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v.
Caption JASON T. McDERMOTT, Defendant-Appellant.–THE PEOPLE OF
THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JASON T.
McDERMOTT, Defendant-Appellant.

District & No. Fourth District
Docket Nos. 4-12-0655, 4-12-0664 cons.

Filed June 10, 2014
Modified upon
denial of rehearing July 1, 2014

Held In consolidated appeals from two counties challenging the dismissal
(Note: This syllabus of defendant’s pro se postconviction petitions alleging that he was not
constitutes no part of the properly credited with his presentence incarceration, the appellate
opinion of the court but court, accepting the State’s concession of error, reversed the
has been prepared by the judgments in the trial courts, vacated both of the sentences and the
Reporter of Decisions order of one of the courts that defendant pay the filing fee and costs
for the convenience of associated with his postconviction petition, and directed each trial
the reader.) court to impose sentences to terms reduced by an amount of time
appropriate to account for defendant’s presentence incarceration.

Decision Under Appeal from the Circuit Court of Champaign County, No.
Review 11-CF-1221; the Hon. Heidi N. Ladd, Judge, presiding, and appeal
from the Circuit Court of McLean County, No. 11-CF-637; the Hon.
Rebecca Foley, Judge, presiding.
 Judgment No. 4-12-0655, Reversed and remanded with directions.
No. 4-12-0664, Reversed and remanded with directions.

Counsel on Michael J. Pelletier, Jacqueline L. Bullard, and Gary R. Peterson, all
Appeal of State Appellate Defender’s Office, of Springfield, for appellant.

Julia Rietz, State’s Attorney, of Urbana, and Jason Chambers, State’s
Attorney, of Bloomington (Patrick Delfino, David J. Robinson,
Allison Paige Brooks, and Anastacia R. Brooks, all of State’s
Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor’s Office, of counsel), for the People.

Panel JUSTICE HARRIS delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
Justices Pope and Holder White concurred in the judgment and
opinion.

OPINION

¶1 These consolidated appeals arise from judgments entered by the Champaign County
circuit court and McLean County circuit court.
¶2 On March 13, 2012, pursuant to a plea agreement, defendant, Jason T. McDermott,
pleaded guilty in Champaign County (No. 11-CF-1221) to aggravated battery (720 ILCS
5/12-4(b)(18) (West 2010)), with an agreed-upon sentence of 5 years’ imprisonment and
credit for 222 days served. On April 23, 2012, defendant filed a pro se postconviction
petition. On June 28, 2012, the Champaign County circuit court summarily dismissed
defendant’s petition as frivolous and patently without merit. On July 13, 2012, defendant
filed a notice of appeal. This court docketed the appeal as No. 4-12-0655.
¶3 On March 22, 2012, pursuant to a plea agreement, defendant pleaded guilty in McLean
County (No. 11-CF-637) to one count of unlawful altering of a title document (625 ILCS
5/4-105(a)(1) (West 2008)), with an agreed-upon sentence of 5 years’ imprisonment and
credit for 233 days served. On April 23, 2012, defendant filed a pro se postconviction
petition. On June 28, 2012, the McLean County circuit court summarily dismissed
defendant’s petition as frivolous and patently without merit. On July 16, 2012, defendant
filed a notice of appeal. This court docketed the appeal as No. 4-12-0664.
¶4 On defendant’s motion, we consolidated these two appeals.

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¶5 On appeal, defendant argues the circuit court erred in dismissing his postconviction
petitions. We reverse and remand with directions.

¶6 I. BACKGROUND
¶7 A review of the record indicates defendant is presently serving sentences imposed
between August 18, 2011, and March 22, 2012, by the circuit courts of Henry County (No.
06-CF-333), Du Page County (No. 07-CF-536), Sangamon County (No. 08-CF-670),
Champaign County (No. 11-CF-1221), and McLean County (No. 11-CF-637), as a result of
defendant engaging in the fraudulent buying and selling of motor vehicles. Relevant to this
appeal, on August 18, 2011, the Henry County circuit court (No. 06-CF-333) sentenced
defendant to 2 concurrent 3-year prison terms for two counts of possession of a stolen vehicle
plate (625 ILCS 5/4-104(a)(3) (West 2004)), with credit for 51 days served (August 28,
2006; June 19, 2007; June 30, 2011; and July 1, 2011, through August 17, 2011). On October
12, 2011, the Du Page County circuit court (No. 07-CF-536) sentenced defendant to 3 years
in prison for identity theft not exceeding $300 (720 ILCS 5/16G-15(a)(1), (d)(1)(A) (West
2004)), to be served concurrently with Henry County case No. 06-CF-333. The court further
found defendant entitled to “receive credit for time actually served in custody since [January
3, 2011].” The written sentencing judgment does not state the dates defendant was in custody
after January 3, 2011, or the total number of days defendant served in custody after that date.

¶8 A. Champaign County (No. 4-12-0655)
¶9 On August 2, 2011, the State charged defendant by information in this case with
aggravated battery (720 ILCS 5/12-4(b)(18) (West 2010)), alleging on June 9, 2011, in
Champaign County, defendant struck an officer employed by the Secretary of State with a
motor vehicle.
¶ 10 On March 13, 2012, defendant appeared before the Champaign County circuit court on
writ from the Jacksonville Correctional Center where he was serving sentences imposed by
Henry County (No. 06-CF-333), Du Page County (No. 07-CF-536), and Sangamon County
(No. 08-CF-670). The State advised the court of the terms of the parties’ plea agreement,
stating that, in exchange for defendant’s guilty plea, he would receive a five-year sentence of
imprisonment. His sentence would be consecutive to his sentences in his Henry and Du Page
County cases and concurrent with the sentences imposed in his Sangamon and McLean
County cases. The State detailed the various financial obligations defendant would pay,
including $13,992 restitution. Finally, the State asserted defendant “would be entitled to 222
days[’] credit for time served.”
¶ 11 Upon inquiry by the court, defendant stated he understood everything the attorneys said
about the agreement and confirmed that the State’s recitation accurately reflected their
agreement. He denied being promised anything other than what had been stated in court.
Following the State’s factual basis, defendant pleaded guilty to aggravated battery, and the
court sentenced him to the agreed-upon, five-year sentence. The court orally advised

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 defendant his sentence had to be served consecutively to his sentences in his Henry and Du
Page County cases and that he would receive credit for 222 days previously served.
¶ 12 At the close of the plea hearing, defense counsel stated the following:
“And my client just wants me to stress because he said he’s had issues with this
before, that he is getting the 222 days[’] credit as part of his plea. He wanted to make
sure that that is part of the sentence. I’ve told him it was. He wanted me to ask the
Court to confirm to my client that that’s part of the plea.”
The circuit court responded, stating: “All right. I’ve corrected all of the judgment orders to
reflect 222 days, sir. We will also make sure that’s included in the mittimus, the order of
commitment that’s entered, and forward it to the [Illinois] Department of Corrections
[(DOC)].” Defendant did not file a motion to withdraw his guilty plea or a direct appeal.
¶ 13 On April 23, 2012, defendant filed a pro se petition for postconviction relief pursuant to
the Post-Conviction Hearing Act (Act) (725 ILCS 5/122-1 to 122-7 (West 2010)). He argued
his negotiated guilty plea was based upon credit for 222 days in presentence custody which
he did not receive. According to defendant, DOC “assumed, when calculating [his] sentence
in this matter, that the 222-days granted in this case was included in the 284-days granted in
the consecutive Du Page County sentence, and, as such, [he] is not entitled to ‘Double
Credit’ on a consecutive sentence.” Thus, defendant claimed he was denied the benefit of his
plea bargain. Defendant made clear he did not wish to withdraw his plea but sought an
amended sentencing judgment reducing his 5-year prison term by 444 days, twice the amount
of presentence credit earned to account for good-conduct credit he would earn. Defendant
attached to his petition the Henry County sentencing judgment (No. 06-CF-333), the Du Page
County sentencing judgment (No. 08-CF-637), and three sentence-calculation worksheets
prepared by DOC on March 9 and 27, 2012. On June 28, 2012, the circuit court dismissed
defendant’s petition, finding it frivolous and patently without merit, and ordered defendant to
pay the associated filing fees and court costs.

¶ 14 B. McLean County (No. 4-12-0664)
¶ 15 On August 1, 2011, the State charged defendant by information in this case with five
counts of unlawful altering of a title document (625 ILCS 5/4-105(a)(1) (West 2008)) and
five counts of misdemeanor odometer fraud (720 ILCS 5/17-11 (West 2008)). The State later
charged defendant with an additional count of odometer fraud.
¶ 16 On March 22, 2012, defendant appeared before the McLean County circuit court on writ
from the Jacksonville Correctional Center where he was serving sentences imposed by Henry
County (No. 06-CF-333), Du Page County (No. 07-CF-536), Sangamon County (No.
08-CF-670), and Champaign County (No. 11-CF-1221). Defendant confirmed he had
reached a fully negotiated agreement with the State. According to the written agreement,
defendant agreed to plead guilty to one felony count of unlawful altering of a title document
and six misdemeanor counts of odometer fraud. With respect to the felony count, the parties
agreed defendant would receive a five-year prison sentence, to be served consecutively with

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 his sentences in the Henry and Du Page County cases. The written plea agreement also stated
defendant would receive “[c]redit for 233 days served.”
¶ 17 The circuit court reviewed the terms of the written plea agreement with defendant in open
court. Defendant acknowledged the court’s recitation accurately reflected his agreement with
the State and that he understood the agreement. He confirmed no one had made any promises
about the case other than what was contained in the written plea agreement. Defendant then
pleaded guilty to one count of unlawful altering of a title document in exchange for the
agreed-upon, five-year sentence. The court dismissed the remaining felony charges against
defendant and ordered his sentence to run consecutively with the sentences in defendant’s
Henry and Du Page County cases.
¶ 18 At the close of the plea hearing, the following colloquy occurred between the circuit
court and defendant:
“[DEFENDANT]: I just have two questions. I wanted to clarify the 233 days of
jail time credit. It was part of the plea?
THE COURT: Yes, sir.
[DEFENDANT]: So when I go to DOC, the 233 days will be subtracted [from] or
credited to the five-year sentence?
THE COURT: Yes. That should be reflected in your DOC order and you should
get a copy of that, from August 2 to March 21. I didn’t do the mental calculations in
my head, but I would trust the attorneys did.
[DEFENDANT]: So credit towards the five-year sentence.
THE COURT: Yes.”
Defendant did not file a motion to withdraw his guilty plea or a direct appeal.
¶ 19 On April 23, 2012, defendant filed a (1) motion to amend mittimus, i.e., sentencing
judgment, and (2) petition for postconviction relief. The claims he asserted in his motion to
amend sentencing judgment were identical to those set forth in his postconviction petition.
Defendant argued his negotiated guilty plea was based upon credit for 232 days (the actual
number of days from August 2, 2011, to March 21, 2012) in presentence custody, which he
did not receive. According to defendant, DOC “assumed, when calculating [his] sentence in
this matter, that the 232-days granted in this case was included in the 284-days granted in the
consecutive Du Page County sentence, and, as such, [he] is not entitled to ‘Double Credit’ on
a consecutive sentence.” Thus, defendant claimed he was denied the benefit of his plea
bargain. He made clear he did not wish to withdraw his plea but sought an amended
sentencing judgment reducing his 5-year prison term by 464 days, double the presentence
credit earned to account for good-conduct credit defendant would earn. Defendant attached to
his postconviction petition the Henry County sentencing judgment (No. 06-CF-333), the Du
Page County sentencing judgment (No. 08-CF-637), and three sentence-calculation
worksheets prepared by DOC on March 9 and 27, 2012. On June 20, 2012, the circuit court
dismissed defendant’s motion to amend sentencing judgment and his postconviction petition,
finding the postconviction petition frivolous and patently without merit.
¶ 20 These appeals followed.
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¶ 21 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 22 On appeal, defendant argues both the Champaign County (No. 4-12-0655) and McLean
County (No. 4-12-0664) cases should be remanded for second-stage postconviction
proceedings because he stated arguable constitutional claims that DOC “refused to honor the
terms of the plea agreements” and “the State’s failure to honor the terms of the plea
agreement[s]” deprived him of the benefit of his plea bargains, in violation of his due process
rights. In response, the State concedes that defendant’s sentences should be reduced to give
him the benefit of his bargain. We accept the State’s concession.
¶ 23 The Act provides a procedural mechanism through which a defendant may assert a
substantial denial of his constitutional rights in the proceedings which resulted in his
conviction. 725 ILCS 5/122-1 (West 2010). At the first stage of a postconviction proceeding,
the circuit court independently reviews the petition, taking the allegations as true, and
determines if it is frivolous or patently without merit. People v. Hodges, 234 Ill. 2d 1, 10, 912
N.E.2d 1204, 1208-09 (2009). To survive dismissal at this initial stage, the postconviction
petition “need only present the gist of a constitutional claim,” which is “a low threshold” that
requires the petition to contain only a limited amount of detail. People v. Gaultney, 174 Ill.
2d 410, 418, 675 N.E.2d 102, 106 (1996). In analyzing the petition, courts are to take the
allegations of the petition as true, as well as liberally construe them. People v. Brown, 236 Ill.
2d 175, 184, 923 N.E.2d 748, 754 (2010).
¶ 24 Moreover, a petition should be summarily dismissed as frivolous or patently without
merit only when it has no arguable basis in either fact or law. Hodges, 234 Ill. 2d at 11-12,
912 N.E.2d at 1209. Our supreme court has held that a petition lacks an arguable basis in fact
or law when it is based on “an indisputably meritless legal theory or a fanciful factual
allegation.” Hodges, 234 Ill. 2d at 16, 912 N.E.2d at 1212. Fanciful factual allegations are
those which are “fantastic or delusional,” and an indisputably meritless legal theory is one
that is completely contradicted by the record. Hodges, 234 Ill. 2d at 16-17, 912 N.E.2d at
1212. Our review of the first-stage dismissal of a postconviction petition is de novo. People v.
Dunlap, 2011 IL App (4th) 100595, ¶ 20, 963 N.E.2d 394.
¶ 25 As stated, defendant argues he did not get the benefit of his bargain with the State in
either his Champaign or McLean County cases. He maintains, and the State agrees, the terms
of his plea agreements in those cases required specified amounts of sentence credit but the
credit was not applied to his sentences.
¶ 26 One constitutional challenge that may be made when seeking relief from a guilty plea is
“that defendant did not receive the benefit of the bargain he made with the State when he
pled guilty.” People v. Whitfield, 217 Ill. 2d 177, 183-84, 840 N.E.2d 658, 663 (2005). Such a
challenge finds its roots in Santobello v. New York, 404 U.S. 257, 262 (1971), wherein the
Supreme Court held “that when a plea rests in any significant degree on a promise or
agreement of the prosecutor, so that it can be said to be part of the inducement or
consideration, such promise must be fulfilled.” “[I]f a defendant shows that his plea of guilty
was entered in reliance on a plea agreement, he may have a due process right to enforce the
terms of the agreement.” Whitfield, 217 Ill. 2d at 189, 840 N.E.2d at 666.
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¶ 27 As the parties point out, the First and Second Appellate Districts have held that, when a
specified amount of sentence credit is included within the terms of a defendant’s plea
agreement with the State, the defendant is entitled to the amount of sentence credit promised.
People v. Clark, 2011 IL App (2d) 091116, ¶ 1, 956 N.E.2d 1078; People v. Lenoir, 2013 IL
App (1st) 113615, ¶¶ 12-13, 987 N.E.2d 1015. This is true even if applying the credit toward
the defendant’s sentence would violate the rule set forth in People v. Latona, 184 Ill. 2d 260,
271, 703 N.E.2d 901, 907 (1998), that a defendant may not earn two sentence credits for a
single day spent in custody. Clark, 2011 IL App (2d) 091116, ¶¶ 1-2, 956 N.E.2d 1078;
Lenoir, 2013 IL App (1st) 113615, ¶¶ 12-13, 987 N.E.2d 1015; see also Whitfield, 217 Ill. 2d
at 201, 840 N.E.2d at 672-73 (“[A] present inability to fulfill a promise does not mean a
breach of the plea agreement has not occurred.”).
¶ 28 Similarly, under reverse circumstances, this court has held that a defendant may not seek
to have sentence credit applied when he agreed to forgo credit as part of a plea or other
sentencing agreement. People v. Williams, 384 Ill. App. 3d 415, 417, 892 N.E.2d 129, 131
(2008); People v. Evans, 391 Ill. App. 3d 470, 473, 907 N.E.2d 935, 937 (2009). “[W]hen a
defendant enters a negotiated plea of guilty in exchange for specified benefits *** both the
State and the defendant must be bound by the terms of the agreement.” (Emphasis in
original.) Whitfield, 217 Ill. 2d at 190, 840 N.E.2d at 666 (citing People v. Evans, 174 Ill. 2d
320, 327, 673 N.E.2d 244, 247-48 (1996)).
¶ 29 Here, in defendant’s Champaign County case, the State set forth the terms of the parties’
plea agreement in open court and identified defendant’s receipt of 222 days’ sentence credit
as one of those terms. Upon inquiry by the circuit court, defendant agreed the State’s
recitation accurately reflected the parties’ agreement. In defendant’s McLean County case,
the written plea agreement stated defendant would receive “[c]redit for 233 days served.”
The court recited the terms of the plea agreement in open court, including the requirement
that defendant would receive the specified amount of credit. Upon inquiry by the court,
defendant affirmed that it accurately recited the parties’ agreement. Additionally, during the
plea hearings in both cases, defendant attempted to “stress” or “clarify” that his sentence
credit was a “part of the sentence” or “part of the plea.” Both circuit courts confirmed that
defendant would receive the specified amount of credit.
¶ 30 As the State points out, this particular case does not turn on the circuit courts’
admonishments with respect to sentence credit, or lack thereof, but on the terms of the plea
agreements defendant entered into with the State. We acknowledge that had defendant been
informed during his plea hearings that his sentence credit would not be calculated as he
anticipated and he persisted in his pleas, the result of these appeals could have been different.
Under such circumstances, the record would likely show the specified amounts of sentence
credit were not essential, bargained-for terms of defendant’s plea agreements. Here, however,
the record clearly shows the terms of the parties’ agreements included specified amounts of
sentence credit and the records in each case fail to reflect defendant was informed otherwise.
Given the facts presented, defendant was entitled to the agreed-upon amounts of credit and
failed to receive the benefit of his bargains with the State when the credit was not applied to
his sentences.
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¶ 31 Since the record reflects defendant failed to receive the benefit of his bargain in both his
Champaign and McLean County cases, we next turn to the appropriate remedy. In Whitfield,
217 Ill. 2d at 202, 840 N.E.2d at 673 (quoting Santobello, 404 U.S. at 262-63), the supreme
court held that when a defendant fails to receive the “benefit of the bargain,” there are two
possible remedies: “either the ‘promise must be fulfilled’ or [the] defendant must be given
the opportunity to withdraw his plea.” It then described the remedy it provided a defendant
under such circumstances, stating as follows:
“[I]n People ex rel. Ryan v. Roe, 201 Ill. 2d 552, 557 (2002), this court exercised its
discretion and fashioned an appropriate remedy in a situation where a guilty plea had
been induced by a legally unfulfillable promise. *** In Roe, the State brought a
mandamus complaint, seeking to have a sentencing order amended on the grounds
that the sentence was illegal. After finding that the sentence, which had been imposed
pursuant to a plea agreement, violated the law and, therefore, was void, we held that
an ‘equitable solution’ would be to modify the sentence to one which [the] defendant
proposed and which would approximate the penal consequences contemplated by the
original plea agreement.” Whitfield, 217 Ill. 2d at 204-05, 840 N.E.2d at 674-75.
¶ 32 In his postconviction petitions, defendant clearly asserted that he did not wish to
withdraw his fully negotiated pleas of guilty. Further, on appeal, the State concedes that
reducing defendant’s sentence in his Champaign County case to 3 years and 286 days with
no sentence credit and the sentence in his McLean County case to 3 years and 264 days with
no sentence credit would most closely approximate the terms of the parties’ plea agreement
in each case. (We note the State’s calculations include the amounts of good-conduct credit
defendant would have earned had he received the presentence credit he bargained for in each
case. See Clark, 2011 IL App (2d) 091116, ¶ 11, 956 N.E.2d 1078 (finding that “[h]ad [the]
defendant received 311 days’ credit toward his sentence ***, he would have earned an
additional 311 days of good-conduct credit” and reducing the defendant’s sentence by 622
days to account for both the bargained-for presentence credit and good-conduct credit).) We
accept the State’s concession. In each case, we reverse the circuit court’s dismissal of
defendant’s postconviction petition, vacate the sentence imposed, and remand to the circuit
court with directions that the court impose a sentence of 3 years and 286 days with no
sentence credit in Champaign County case No. 11-CF-1221 and 3 years and 264 days with no
sentence credit in McLean County case No. 11-CF-637.
¶ 33 Finally, on appeal, defendant also challenges the Champaign County circuit court’s
refusal to waive the filing fee associated with his postconviction petition and its order that
defendant pay the fee and actual court costs. Defendant argues that, because his
postconviction petition was neither frivolous nor patently without merit, this portion of the
court’s order should also be reversed. The State also concedes this issue.
¶ 34 If a DOC inmate files a postconviction petition and the circuit court deems the filing
frivolous, the inmate “is responsible for the full payment of filing fees and actual court
costs.” 735 ILCS 5/22-105(a) (West 2012). For the reasons stated, defendant’s
postconviction petition was not frivolous and he raised a meritorious claim. Again, we accept

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 the State’s concession and vacate the Champaign County circuit court’s order that defendant
pay the filing fee and court costs associated with his postconviction petition.

¶ 35 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 36 For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the circuit courts’ judgments in case Nos.
4-12-0655 and 4-12-0664, vacate the sentences imposed in those cases, vacate the
Champaign County circuit court’s order that defendant pay the filing fee and costs associated
with his postconviction petition, and remand to the Champaign and McLean County circuit
courts with directions that the Champaign County circuit court impose a sentence of 3 years
and 286 days’ imprisonment with no sentence credit in case No. 11-CF-1221 and the
McLean County circuit court impose a sentence of 3 years and 264 days’ imprisonment with
no sentence credit in case No. 11-CF-637.

¶ 37 No. 4-12-0655, Reversed and remanded with directions.
¶ 38 No. 4-12-0664, Reversed and remanded with directions.

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