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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
RADIANCE CAPITAL, LLC, a
Washington limited liability company, No. 69547-9-
Appellant, DIVISION ONE
CIRCLE S FOODS, INC., a foreign
corporation, dba CIRCLE S. MARKET UNPUBLISHED OPINION
and DAILY; SUBHASH CHANDER
SHARMA and "JANE DOE" SHARMA, FILED: March 17,2014
husband and wife; JAGTAR SINGH
and "JANE DOE" SINGH, husband and
wife; and NAVJIT SINGH and "JANE
DOE" SINGH, husband and wife,
Respondents.
Becker, J. —This appeal involves a contract dispute over $381 in force-
placed insurance premiums for a commercial fryer purchased through a financing
company. The financing company, Radiance Capital LLC, appeals the trial
court's decision in favor of Circle S Foods Inc., the Oregon business that
purchased the $6,000 commercial fryer for a convenience store. Finding no
error, we affirm.
We refer to the respondents collectively as Circle S. The judgment in
favor of Circle S was entered after a bench trial on August 14, 2012.
No. 69547-9-1/2
FACTS
In November 2005, Circle S purchased a ventless fryer and financed it
through Radiance Capital, a Washington equipment financing company. The
fryer cost $5,950. Circle S agreed to pay Radiance 60 monthly payments of
$148.83, for a total of $8,929.80 ($5,950.00 in principal and $2,979.80 in
interest.) The financing agreement provided that the terms were fully reflected in
the writing and could not be changed except by written agreement of all the
parties. Radiance issued a check for the price of the fryer and took out a UCC
security interest on it.
As part of the financing agreement, Circle S was required to "maintain and
provide Creditor evidence satisfactory to Creditor for the maintenance of all risk
insurance against loss of or damage to the Collateral for not less than the full
replacement value." Exh. 1,1J13; Finding of Fact 5. Radiance, the creditor, was
to be named as a loss payee. Finding of Fact 5. The agreement required Circle
S to maintain "public liability and property damage coverage in such amounts
and in such forms as creditor (Plaintiff) shall reasonably require." Finding of Fact
6.
Radiance provided Circle S a "Notice to Provide Insurance Authorization"
form. Exh. 3. On October 7, 2005, Circle S signed the notice and faxed it to the
store's insurance agent, Jim Short of Farmers Insurance in Salem, Oregon.
Radiance officials did not sign the notice, and that document was not referred to
No. 69547-9-1/3
in the financing agreement. Paragraph "a" of the notice instructed the insurance
agent to provide Radiance with an endorsement to Circle S's policy evidencing
primary all risk insurance or its equivalent coverage for the equipment, with
Radiance named as "loss payee." Finding of Fact 8. Paragraph "b" of the notice
required the agent to provide Radiance an endorsement showing public liability
and property damage insurance with a single limit of not less than $500,000 per
occurrence, with Radiance to be named as an additional insured. Exh. 3; Finding
of Fact 9. The effective date was to be October 7, 2005, or earlier.
Short placed insurance on the fryer and sent the first certificate of
insurance directly to Radiance. There is no dispute that this original proof of
insurance was acceptable to Radiance in all respects.
Beginning in January 2007, Radiance's invoices began including a new
monthly charge for "insurance premiums." Finding of Fact 13; Exh. 5. Neither
the exhibits nor the witnesses provided any explanation for why Radiance started
charging Circle S for the premiums in January 2007. Circle S did not pay the
monthly premiums, which were $6.25 at first and then increased to $7.81. Exh.
5. Circle S made only the regular loan payments of $148.83. Circle S made its
last loan payment in October 2010.
On January 13, 2011, Radiance sent Circle S a letter demanding payment
of $381.78 in "Insurance Fees" as well as a $150.00 "Agreement Transfer Fee."
Exh. 15. The letter stated these were necessary in order for Circle S to purchase
No. 69547-9-1/4
the fryer from Radiance. Exh. 15.1 Circle S tendered $150.00 for the transfer fee
but disputed the demand for the insurance fees.
On February 8, 2011, Radiance declared a default, stating that Circle S
now owed an additional $480.00 in default and collection fees, and that the
creditor would pursue legal action if Circle S did not pay $861.78 within 10 days.
Exh. 21. Circle S filed suit in Oregon requesting declaratory relief. On February
28, 2011, Radiance responded by filing suit in King County for the balance
claimed to be due. Due to a choice of law provision in the financing agreement,
the Oregon action was dismissed and the dispute proceeded to a bench trial in
King County Superior Court. The only two witnesses were Michael Price,
Radiance's authorized representative and chief financial officer, and Jagtar
Singh, owner of Circle S.
Price testified that Radiance force-placed the insurance on the fryer in
response to Circle S's failure to provide satisfactory proof of insurance. As
evidence of breach, Radiance offered its financing agreement and related
documents, invoices showing what it paid for force-placed insurance, and the
monthly invoices sent to Circle S with the fees for that insurance. Price testified
that it was Radiance's standard practice to send written notices of insurance
1The financing agreement does not mention a $150 "Agreement Transfer Fee."
Exh. 1. Radiance asserts that this fee covers release of its UCC security interest.
Appellant's Br. at 16.
No. 69547-9-1/5
deficiencies and to give debtors an opportunity to cure. But he admitted he had
not seen copies of any such documents that were sent to Circle S.
Singh testified that Circle S maintained the same type of insurance
coverage for the entirety of the financing contract; the only change was to
increase the amount of liability coverage from $1 million to $2 million. As proof
that it satisfied the insurance requirements, Circle S offered its insurance billing
statement and a letter from its agent confirming that Radiance was continuously
listed as a loss payee and an additional insured. Exh. 18 at 7; Exh. 41.
On August 16, 2012, the trial court gave its oral ruling, finding that
Radiance had "failed to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the
Defendants have breached the contract":
There is no evidence before this Court that the Defendants were
ever notified that the insurance was not satisfactory until after the
conclusion and final payment of the contract amounts. And if you
look at paragraph 25 of the parties' Financing Agreements, any
notices to the parties concerning their obligations under the
Financing Agreement were required to be in writing. The Court
concludes it is insufficient to simply charge a premium without an
explanation of some kind as to how or why the insurance that the
Defendants continued to provide proof of on an annual basis was
inadequate.
On September 17, 2012, the court entered detailed findings of fact and
conclusions of law. Radiance filed a motion for reconsideration and/or new trial
based on "newly discovered evidence" regarding whether Radiance had sent
Circle S notice of an insurance deficiency. The court denied the motion.
No. 69547-9-1/6
In October and November 2012, the court awarded Circle S attorney fees
and costs of approximately $32,700. Radiance appeals.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
When a trial court has weighed the evidence in a bench trial, this court's
review is "limited to determining whether substantial evidence supports its
findings of fact and, ifso, whether the findings support the trial court's
conclusions of law." Hegwine v. Longview Fibre Co., Inc., 132 Wn. App. 546,
555, 132 P.3d 789 (2006), affd, 162 Wn.2d 340, 172 P.3d 688 (2007). The
substantial evidence standard is "deferential and requires the appellate court to
view all evidence and inferences in the light most favorable to the prevailing
party." Lewis v. Dep't of Licensing. 157 Wn.2d 446, 468, 139 P.3d 1078 (2006).
This court defers to the trial court for purposes of evaluating the persuasiveness
of the evidence and the credibility of witnesses. Lodis v. Corbis Holdings, Inc.,
172 Wn. App. 835, 861, 292 P.3d 779 (2013). Unchallenged findings of fact are
verities on appeal. Keever & Assocs., Inc. v. Randall. 129 Wn. App. 733, 741,
119 P.3d 926 (2005), review denied. 157 Wn.2d 1009 (2006). This court reviews
de novo whether the trial court's conclusions of law flow from the supported
findings of fact. Ruse v. Dep't of Labor & Indus.. 138 Wn.2d 1,5, 977 P.2d 570
(1999).
CONTRACT TERMS
The financing agreement required Circle S to list Radiance as a loss
payee on all risk insurance covering the value of the fryer and to provide proof of
No. 69547-9-1/7
that insurance to Radiance. The financing agreement also required Circle S to
maintain liability insurance in an amount and form as required by Radiance, but
the financing agreement did not specifically require Circle S to provide proof of
liability insurance to Radiance. The Notice to Provide Insurance Authorization
directs Circle S's insurance agent to provide proof of insurance naming Radiance
as both "Loss Payee" and "Additional Insured." Radiance argues that the
financing agreement and the notice must be read together to impose a duty on
Circle S to provide proof of both insurance coverages on a continuing basis.
The trial court rejected this argument in conclusion of law 2, to which
Radiance assigns error. The court concluded there "are inconsistencies between
the Financing Agreement and the Notice to Provide Insurance Authorization,"
and these inconsistencies create an ambiguity that must be construed against
Radiance as the drafter. See Lamar Outdoor Advertising v. Harwood. 162 Wn.
App. 385, 395, 254 P.3d 208 (2011). As the trial court noted, "there is no
reference to the Notice to Provide Insurance Authorization in the Financing
Agreement," and when the financing agreement wanted to incorporate a
document, it did so explicitly, as with Schedule A. Significantly, the Notice to
Provide Insurance Authorization does not require Circle S to provide Radiance
with annually updated proof of liability insurance but merely with proof of
insurance "with an effective date as shown on the date below [October 7, 2005]
or earlier." Exh. 3. And the financing agreement only requires Circle S to give
No. 69547-9-1/8
Radiance 30 days' advance notice in writing of any cancellation or change in
insurance coverage. Exh. 1, U 13. We find no error in conclusion of law 2.
BREACH
Radiance claims it had to start charging Circle S for insurance premiums
due to deficiencies in Circle S's 2009 and 2010 policies. The trial court found no
evidence that Radiance notified Circle S in writing of any deficiencies, as
required by the financing agreement, until after Circle S. made its final payment
on the fryer. Conclusion of Law 3. The court concluded it was insufficient for
Radiance "to simply charge Defendant Circle S for an insurance premium without
an explanation as to how and why the insurance that Defendant Circle S
continued to provide proof of on an annual basis was inadequate." Conclusion of
Law 4. The court concluded that the claim for breach of contract failed in the
absence of such a notice. Radiance assigns error to these conclusions and to
some of the factual findings underpinning them.
The financing agreement required Radiance to provide Circle S any
notices related to the agreement in writing, and Price testified that it was
standard practice for Radiance to give written notice of insurance deficiencies.
Radiance assigns error to finding of fact 12, in which the court notes that
Radiance failed to follow its standard practice of giving customers written notice
and an opportunity to cure:
Plaintiff's authorized representative, Michael Price, testified that it
was Plaintiff's standard practice to send its customers a written
notice, with an opportunity to cure, in any instance where the
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No. 69547-9-1/9
Plaintiff believed that the customer had failed to provide Plaintiff
with adequate proof of insurance. Plaintiff failed to follow this
standard practice with Defendant Circle S. At no time during the
five year course of this contract, did any employee of the Plaintiff
provide a written notice to the Defendants that Plaintiff required any
additional or different insurance or proof of insurance, nor did any
written notice advise the Defendants to cure any shortcoming in the
proof of insurance provided.
The court's finding accurately reflects Price's testimony and Radiance's exhibits
at trial.
Radiance contends that providing opportunities to cure was merely a
"courtesy to its customers," and "it was not contractually required to do so."
Appellant's Reply Br. at 15. This argument fails. Radiance did not assign error
to the court's finding of fact 23: "Paragraph 25 of the Financing Agreement
states that any notices to the parties concerning their obligations under the
Financing Agreement were required to be in writing."
Alternatively, Radiance contends that its monthly invoices with the
insurance charges constituted written notice of Circle S's insurance deficiency.
See Appellant's Reply Br. at 15 ("Radiance did in fact send Circle S
approximately 49 written notices that it was unsatisfied with Circle S's proof of
insurance. These notices came in the form of monthly invoices.") Radiance
contends, in other words, that receiving an unexplained invoice for an insurance
premium is sufficient notice as a matter of law of an insurance deficiency.
Radiance cites no authority for this proposition, and we reject it. We find no error
in conclusions of law 3 and 4.
No. 69547-9-1/10
MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION
Radiance moved for reconsideration on the basis of "newly discovered
evidence" and contends the court erred by denying the motion. This court
reviews a trial court's denial of a CR 59(a) motion for abuse of discretion. Collins
v. Clark County Fire Dist. No. 5. 155 Wn. App. 48, 81, 231 P.3d 1211 (2010).
The "newly discovered evidence" was letters US Bank allegedly sent to
Circle S on behalf of Radiance. An e-mail attached to the motion for
reconsideration shows Radiance did not request these documents from US Bank
until August 13, 2012, a day before trial:
We go to trial tomorrow morning on this deal that I spoke to you
about and I was wondering if when an insurance certificate came in
to US Bank and it was insufficient was there a standard letter that
was sent out? I see in account notes that insurance cert requests
were sent out. Also, if there is a letter used does it go to the
customer or to the insurance agent? If you have a letter can you
send me a copy and also if you have a copy that was directly [sent]
to Circle S Market and Daily [that] would be even more helpful.
US Bank responded seven days later, on August 20, 2012, e-mailing three
letters. The first letter is to insurance agent Short, indicating that Circle S's
insurance was due to expire in February 2006 and Radiance was requesting a
renewal certificate. The second, to Circle S, is dated January 10, 2007. It
indicates that insurance coverage had been canceled and asks for a
reinstatement or renewal certificate. And the third, also to Circle S, is dated June
20, 2007. It notifies Circle S that Radiance declared the lease in default in June
2007 due to failure to maintain required insurance. Radiance claims these
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No. 69547-9-1/11
documents directly undermined some of the findings and conclusions the trial
court relied on to deny relief. But the two letters actually addressed to Circle S
are not material to the issue of notice because they were sent in January and
June 2007, a period during which—according to the trial testimony of Price—
Circle S had satisfied all insurance reguirements. See Report of Proceedings at
100.
Radiance fails to show that the three letters were material, could not have
been discovered with reasonable diligence and produced at trial, or would have
changed the result. See Go2Net, Inc. v. CI Host, Inc., 115 Wn. App. 73, 88-89,
60 P.3d 1245 (2003). Contrary to the assertion by Radiance, the record provides
no basis for concluding that substantial justice has not been done, as required by
CR 59(a)(9). See Larson v. Georgia Pac. Corp., 11 Wn. App. 557, 562, 524 P.2d
251 (1974) (noting "disagreement as to credibility and interpretation of the
evidence does not support a conclusion that substantial justice has not been
done.")
ATTORNEY FEES
Paragraph 18 of the financing agreement provides for attorney fees and
costs in a dispute over enforcing the agreement. As the prevailing party, Circle S
is awarded attorney fees and costs on appeal. RAP 18.1; RCW 4.84.330.
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No. 69547-9-1/12
Affirmed.
£2
WE CONCUR:
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