NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING
MOTION AND, IF FILED, DETERMINED
IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL
OF FLORIDA
SECOND DISTRICT
LEROY JONATHAN TARVER, )
)
Appellant, )
)
v. ) Case No. 2D12-5345
)
STATE OF FLORIDA, )
)
Appellee. )
)
Opinion filed August 20, 2014.
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Lee
County; Bruce E. Kyle, Judge.
Howard L. Dimmig, II, Public Defender, and
William L. Sharwell, Assistant Public
Defender, Bartow, for Appellant.
Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General,
Tallahassee, and Marilyn Muir Beccue,
Assistant Attorney General, Tampa, for
Appellee.
SLEET, Judge.
Leroy Jonathan Tarver appeals his convictions and sentences following a
jury trial. Tarver raises two issues on appeal. We affirm his convictions and the second
issue without further comment; however because the trial court applied the wrong
standard when it denied Tarver's request to proceed to the sentencing hearing pro se,
we reverse and remand for the trial court to vacate Tarver's sentences and to conduct
another sentencing hearing.
Tarver filed two motions for a Nelson1 hearing prior to trial. Both motions
were heard and the trial court ultimately determined that counsel's performance was
satisfactory. Tarver proceeded to trial with the assistance of counsel. The jury
convicted Tarver of sale of cocaine within a thousand feet of a church, possession of
cocaine, sale of cannabis within a thousand feet of a church, and possession of
marijuana. After trial but before sentencing, Tarver filed a third motion for a Nelson
hearing alleging that trial counsel was incompetent, had a conflict of interest, and was
not adequately representing him. The trial court held a hearing and again denied
Tarver's request for new counsel. Tarver then asked to proceed pro se to sentencing.
The trial court conducted a Faretta2 inquiry, and ultimately denied Tarver's request to
proceed pro se because it found that he was incompetent to represent himself. Tarver
remained represented by counsel at his sentencing hearing.
"Faretta requires that a defendant's decision to represent himself be made
knowingly, intelligently, and in such a manner that 'the record will establish that he
knows what he is doing and his choice is made with eyes open.' " Gillyard v. State, 704
So. 2d 165, 166 (Fla. 2d DCA 1997) (quoting Faretta, 422 U.S. at 835). "Reversal is
required where a defendant unequivocally requests to represent himself and the trial
court denies the request without determining–after conducting a proper Faretta inquiry–
that the choice of self-representation was not made knowingly and intelligently."
1
Nelson v. State, 274 So. 2d 256 (Fla. 4th DCA 1973).
2
Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806 (1975).
-2-
Goldsmith v. State, 937 So. 2d 1253, 1256-57 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006). The standard is
whether a defendant is competent to waive his right to counsel, not whether he is
competent to represent himself. Fleck v. State, 956 So. 2d 548, 549 (Fla. 2d DCA
2007); see also Eggleston v. State, 812 So. 2d 524, 525 (Fla. 2d DCA 2002) ("A
criminal defendant who is competent to choose self-representation may not be denied
that choice, even though the decision for self-representation will most certainly result in
incompetent trial counsel."). There is no harmless error analysis available for this error.
Eggleston, 812 So. 2d at 525.
The transcripts of the pre-sentencing hearing suggest that the trial court
found Tarver to be competent; however the court ultimately denied Tarver's request
because he "d[idn't] have the minimum capability to adequately represent [him]self."
Because it is clear from the record on appeal that the trial court applied the wrong
standard, we reverse and remand for the court to vacate Tarver's sentence and conduct
another sentencing hearing. If Tarver again seeks to waive his right to counsel, the
court should conduct another Faretta inquiry and determine whether Tarver is
competent to waive his right to counsel. If it finds that he is, Tarver should be allowed to
represent himself at the sentencing hearing.
Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded.
ALTENBERND and WALLACE, JJ., Concur.
-3-