Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before Aug 11 2014, 10:41 am
any court except for the purpose of
establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
KAREN M. HEARD GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Evansville, Indiana ROBERT J. HENKE
DAVID E. COREY
Office of the Indiana Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
IN THE MATTER OF THE TERMINATION )
OF THE PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP )
OF: T.D. and M.D. (minor children); )
)
A.D. (Father) )
)
Appellant-Respondent, ) No. 82A01-1308-JT-344
)
vs. )
)
THE INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF )
CHILD SERVICES, )
)
Appellee-Petitioner. )
APPEAL FROM THE VANDERBURGH SUPERIOR COURT
The Honorable Brett J. Niemeier, Judge
Cause No. 82D01-1301-JT-3 and 82D01-1301-JT-4
August 11, 2014
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
PYLE, Judge
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
A.D. (“Father”) appeals the involuntary termination of his parental rights to his
children, T.D. and M.D. (collectively “the children”). Throughout the CHINS
proceeding and at the time of the termination hearing, Father did not comply with the
parental participation plan he signed and could not secure adequate employment or
housing for the children. As a result, the trial court found that the conditions that led to
the children’s continued removal from Father’s care would not be remedied. In addition,
the participating service providers testified that termination of Father’s parental rights
was in the children’s best interests. The Department of Child Services (“DCS”)
presented clear and convincing evidence supporting the termination of Father’s parental
rights.
We affirm.
ISSUE
Whether DCS presented clear and convincing evidence to support the
termination of Father’s parental rights.
FACTS
T.D. was born on March 10, 2007 and his sister, M.D., was born on March 13,
2011. On April 5, 2011, DCS filed a petition alleging M.D. was a child in need of
services (“CHINS”) because she was born with THC in her system. T.D. was included in
the petition. At a detention hearing on April 12, 2011, Mother admitted that the children
2
were CHINS and DCS agreed to leave the children in Mother’s care as long as her
subsequent drug screens were negative. Father was incarcerated in a work release facility
at the time the court adjudicated T.D. and M.D. as CHINS. Father eventually appeared at
a hearing with counsel, did not object to the children’s CHINS finding, and signed a
parental participation plan. The parental participation plan required Father to do the
following: submit to random drug screens; participate in supervised visits with his
children; remain drug and alcohol free; participate in programs during incarceration to
improve his parenting skills; and maintain contact with the DCS family case manager.
The plan also required Father to secure and maintain “stable housing that is kept safe for
the [children],” notify DCS of changes in his personal information and household
composition within forty-eight hours, and obey the law. (Ex. Vol. I, Ex. 3A at 110-11).
In June 2011, DCS removed the children from Mother’s care after noncompliance
with the conditions that had been established as a part of the in-home CHINS
proceedings. DCS attempted a trial home visit with Mother, but DCS removed the
children from Mother’s care again and placed them with relatives because Mother was
incarcerated. The children eventually were placed in foster care. Father was still
incarcerated at this time and participated in supervised visits with his children, but he did
not consistently follow the rules and regulations of the facility. On September 8, 2011,
Father’s placement in community corrections was revoked, and he was sentenced to the
Department of Correction (“DOC”). Father was released from DOC on June 21, 2012.
Before and after his release from prison, Father had difficulty maintaining stable
employment and housing. Father worked briefly at Penn Station, Taco Bell, Toyota, and
3
Subway. Father was fired from all of these positions, having worked at each for less than
a year. After his release from prison, Father worked for Tom Guggenheim
(“Guggenheim”). Father stated that he worked about thirty-six (36) hours per week and
earned $13.00 per hour. Guggenheim testified that he hired Father for a temporary
project scheduled to last about a month but lasted about two months due to delays.
Guggenheim reduced Father’s pay from $13.00 per hour to $9.00 per hour because Father
brought another person to help on the project, and Guggenheim could not afford to pay
both men $13.00 per hour.
Father was evicted from one apartment in late September 2012. On November 28,
2012, Father leased an apartment in the Southwinds apartment complex. Father was not
required to pay rent because he reported to Southwinds that he had no income. However,
Jamie Eickhoff (“Eickhoff”), site manager at Southwinds, testified that Father never
reported his income from his work with Guggenheim. Eickhoff further stated that Father
would have to pay back rent and other fees totaling over $1700 to be in good standing
with Southwinds and possibly move into a two-bedroom apartment.
Once Father was released from DOC, he resumed weekly visits with T.D. but not
M.D. at the offices of Ireland Home Based Services. Father attended three visits and
eventually asked twice that the visits be moved to another day to accommodate his work
schedule. Father’s visits with T.D. were moved from Mondays to Tuesdays, then from
Tuesdays to Thursdays. After changing the visitation day, Father failed to show up for
visits four times and cancelled visits on six other occasions. The cancelled visits had a
very detrimental impact on T.D. When the visits began, T.D. reported to his therapist
4
that he was very excited to see Father and that the visits were going well. When Father
would miss visits, T.D.’s behavior would become “increasingly aggressive and
destructive.” (Ex. Vol. IV Ex. 23 at 43). T.D. blamed his foster parents when Father
would miss visits. The court-appointed special advocate, Deborah Gamache (“CASA
Gamache”), requested that the visits stop after Father’s multiple missed and cancelled
visits. Father eventually requested to stop visits with T.D. as well.
Megan Halstead (“Halstead”) was a therapist who worked with T.D. to address
issues he had in adjusting to being in foster care. As her time with T.D. progressed,
Halstead focused on addressing T.D.’s aggressive behavior. Halstead noted that T.D. did
well in his foster home when Father was consistently visiting. When Father failed to visit
T.D., Halstead observed that T.D.’s aggressive behavior increased. After treatment,
Halstead said that T.D. was “doing pretty well.” (Tr. 112). T.D. still had tantrums, but
these were mostly related to issues with his other siblings.
DCS filed petitions to terminate Father’s parental rights to the children on January
1, 2013.1 The trial court conducted evidentiary hearings on March 12 and 26 and July 3,
2013. Jennifer Hall (“FCM Hall”), the family case manager, testified that of all of the
requirements of the parental participation plan Father signed, visitation with T.D. was the
only condition in which he took part. FCM Hall testified that she met with Father and
spoke with him about complying with the parental participation plan. Father responded
that he would be willing to terminate his parental rights to the children. Specifically
regarding M.D., Father admitted that he had no bond with her and that he would not be
1
Mother voluntarily terminated her parental rights to the children on December 4, 2012.
5
able to keep up with all of her required medical appointments.2 Father also told FCM
Hall that the children were doing well in foster placement and that he would not “win” at
a termination hearing. (Tr. 157). FCM Hall testified that the children had lived in foster
care with their half siblings, that the children had established a strong bond, and that she
could not imagine splitting them up.
CASA Gamache filed a report on December 10, 2012. In her report, she stated
that termination of Father’s parental rights was in the best interests of the children
because “Father has proven he cannot provide the needed financial and housing stability,
the dependability that all children need for security, or that he can provide the needed
medical attention for his children so [vitally needed] to have a chance of maturing into
healthy adulthood.” (Ex. Vol. I., Ex. 3A at 3). Further, her report stated:
The children have a great deal of mental health issues, physical and medical
care that is needed on a weekly basis. The foster parents make sure that the
children are attending all medical and therapeutic appointments for their
special needs. [M.D.] has a lot of medical issues that require a great deal of
occupational and physical therapies for delayed motor and speech skills.
[M.D.] has been seen at Riley [Hospital] and needs her growth re-check
next year since [M.D.] currently has an ½ inch difference from one leg to
the other. These weekly appointments are essential to his children’s well-
being. Their medical and therapeutic appointments are critical and cannot
be neglected. [Father] has proved he cannot be bothered to visit with his
son once a week; CASA does not want to imagine what would happen to
his children if he provides the same care [to] these appointments as he did
with his visitations.
Id. On July 3, 2013, the trial court entered its order terminating Father’s parental rights.
Father now appeals. We will provide additional facts as necessary.
2
M.D. sees a therapist three times per week for speech and hearing issues. According to CASA
Gamache’s report, these issues were also being monitored by Riley Hospital to determine the extent of
her medical issues.
6
DECISION
Although parental rights are of a constitutional dimension, the law allows for
termination of these rights when parties are unable or unwilling to meet their
responsibilities. In re A.N.J., 690 N.E.2d 716, 720 (Ind. Ct. App. 1997). The purpose of
termination of parental rights is not to punish parents but to protect children. In re L.S.,
717 N.E.2d 204, 208 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999), trans. denied, cert. denied.
In reviewing the termination of parental rights, we will neither reweigh the
evidence nor judge the credibility of witnesses. In re I.A., 934 N.E.2d 1127, 1132 (Ind.
2010). We consider only the evidence most favorable to the judgment. Id. Where the
trial court has entered findings of fact and conclusions thereon, we apply a two-tiered
standard of review. Id. We must determine whether the evidence supports the findings
and then whether the findings support the judgment. Id. We will set aside a judgment
terminating a parent-child relationship only if it is clearly erroneous. Id. A judgment is
clearly erroneous if the findings do not support the conclusions or the conclusions do not
support the judgment. Id.
When DCS seeks to terminate parental rights pursuant to INDIANA CODE § 31-35-
2-4(b)(2), it must plead and prove, in relevant part:
****
(B) that one (1) of the following is true:
(i) There is a reasonable probability that the conditions that resulted
in the child’s removal or the reasons for placement outside of the
home of the parents will not be remedied.
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(ii) There is a reasonable probability that the continuation of the
parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-being of the child.
(iii) The child has on two (2) separate occasions, been adjudicated a
child in need of services.
(C) that termination is in the best interests of the child; and
(D) that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of the child.
Because subsection (b)(2)(B) is written in the disjunctive, DCS need prove only one of
the three elements by clear and convincing evidence. See Bester v. Lake Cnty. Office of
Family and Children, 839 N.E.2d 143, 153 n.5 (Ind. 2005). These allegations must be
established by clear and convincing evidence. I.A., 934 N.E.2d at 1133. If the trial court
finds the allegations in a petition described in section 4 of this chapter are true, the court
shall terminate the parent-child relationship. I.C. § 31-35-2-8(a).
Father argues that DCS did not establish the following: (1) that he would not
remedy the conditions requiring the children’s continued placement outside of his care;
(2) that a continuation of the parent-child relationship posed a threat to the children’s
well-being; (3) that termination of his parental rights was in the best interests of the
children; and (4) there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of the children.
1. Conditions Remedied
Father argues that DCS did not present clear and convincing evidence that he
would not remedy the conditions resulting in the removal or continued placement of the
children outside of his care. Father essentially claims that he remedied the conditions
resulting in the children’s removal or continued placement from his care because he was
8
out of prison, living in a one bedroom apartment, and employed at the time of the
termination hearing.
To determine whether a reasonable probability exists that the conditions justifying
a child’s continued placement outside of the home will not be remedied, the trial court
must judge a parent’s fitness to care for the child at the time of the termination hearing,
taking into consideration any evidence of changed conditions. A.N.J., 690 N.E.2d at 721.
The trial court must also evaluate the parent’s habitual pattern of conduct to determine
whether there is a substantial probability of future neglect or deprivation. Id. A trial
court may properly consider evidence of a parent’s prior criminal history, drug and
alcohol abuse, history of neglect, failure to provide support, and lack of adequate
employment and housing. McBride v. Monroe Cnty. Office of Family and Children, 798
N.E.2d 185, 199 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999). Additionally, the trial court can properly consider
the services offered by DCS to the parent and the parent’s response to those services as
evidence of whether conditions will be remedied. Id. “DCS need not rule out all
possibilities of change; rather, DCS need establish only that there is a reasonable
probability that the parent’s behavior will not change.” In re Kay.L., 867 N.E.2d 236,
242 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007).
We note that the children were initially removed from Mother’s care for
noncompliance with the in-home CHINS proceeding and were finally placed in foster
care after Mother was arrested during a trial home visit. Father’s incarceration in a work
release facility at the time of the CHINS finding was the reason the children could not be
placed in his care. We further acknowledge that at the time of the termination hearing,
9
Father was out of prison, living in an apartment, and working a job. Yet, Father was
evicted from one apartment, and it appears he was only able to secure another apartment
rent free because he lied to the property manager about his income. In addition, Father’s
job with Guggenheim was temporary in nature, and Father had not maintained any of his
other stated jobs for more than a year. Finally, of thirteen scheduled weekly visits with
T.D., Father only attended three visits even after visit days were changed multiple times
to accommodate his work schedule. It was not unreasonable for CASA Gamache to
question Father’s ability to consistently take his children to therapy and doctor
appointments if he could not consistently visit T.D. one day a week. This evidence
supports the trial court’s conclusion that “[w]hile at first glance it might appear that the
father has rehabilitated himself after he has been released from prison, there are still too
many inconsistencies and unstableness which cannot be over looked.” (App. 12).
Accordingly, DCS established that there was a reasonable probability that Father’s
behavior would not change. See, e.g., Kay.L., 867 N.E.2d at 242.3
2. Best Interests
For the “best interests of the child” statutory element, the trial court is required to
consider the totality of the evidence and determine whether custody by the parent is
wholly inadequate for the child’s future physical, mental, and social growth. In re A.K.,
924 N.E.2d 212, 223 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010), trans. denied. In making this determination,
the trial court must subordinate the interest of the parent to that of the child involved. Id.
The recommendations of the service providers that parental rights be terminated support a
3
Again, because I.C. 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B) is written in the disjunctive, we need not address whether
continuation of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the children’s well-being.
10
finding that termination of parental rights is in the child’s best interests. See A. J. v.
Marion Cnty. Office of Family and Children, 881 N.E.2d 706, 718 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008),
trans. denied.
Father argues that the trial court ignored the totality of the evidence in reaching its
conclusion and that he should be given a reasonable opportunity to reunite with his
children. The totality of the evidence shows termination of Father’s parental rights was
in the best interests of the children. Both CASA Gamache and FCM Hall testified that
termination of Father’s parental rights was in the best interests of the children because of
his inability to provide a stable home and income. In addition, his failure to visit
consistently with the children reasonably supported CASA Gamache’s concerns about
Father’s dependability in meeting the needs of the children. This testimony, in addition
to the evidence previously reviewed, supports the trial court’s determination that
termination of Father’s parental rights was in the best interests of the children. See In re
A.I., 825 N.E.2d 798, 811 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005) (testimony of caseworkers, together with
evidence that the conditions resulting in placement outside of the home will not be
remedied, was sufficient to prove by clear and convincing evidence that termination of
parental rights was in child’s best interest).
3. Satisfactory Plan
Finally, Father argues that DCS failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence
that a satisfactory plan was in place for the children. However, Father acknowledges in
his brief that DCS presented testimony that the plan for the children was adoption.
Precedent does not require DCS to state a more detailed plan. JKC v. Fountain Cnty.
11
DPW, 470 N.E.2d 88 (Ind. Ct. App. 1984); In re B.D.J., 728 N.E.2d 195 (Ind. Ct. App.
2000) (plan for adoption of a child in need of services may satisfy statutory obligation to
have a satisfactory plan in place). Father cites no authority requiring DCS to present a
more detailed plan. Accordingly, the trial court properly found that DCS met its
obligation of having a satisfactory plan in place for the care of the children.
DCS presented clear and convincing evidence supporting the termination of
Father’s parental rights to T.D. and M.D.
Affirmed.
FRIEDLANDER, J., and MATHIAS, J., concur.
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In the Matter of the Termination of the Parent-Child Relationship of: T.D. and M.D. (minor children) A.D. (Father) v. The Indiana Department of Child Services
Combined Opinion