Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not
be regarded as precedent or cited
before any court except for the purpose
Dec 18 2013, 7:15 am
of establishing the defense of res
judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law
of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
MARK SMALL GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Indianapolis, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
CYNTHIA L. PLOUGHE
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
CHRISTOPHER L. ADERS, )
)
Appellant-Defendant, )
)
vs. ) No. 62A05-1305-CR-212
)
STATE OF INDIANA, )
)
Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE PERRY CIRCUIT COURT
The Honorable Lucy Goffinet, Judge
Cause No. 62C01-1109-CM-629
December 18, 2013
MEMORANDUM DECISION – NOT FOR PUBLICATION
BARNES, Judge
Case Summary
In this interlocutory appeal, Christopher Aders appeals the trial court’s denial of
his motion for dismissal under Indiana Criminal Rule 4(C). We affirm.
Issue
Aders raises one issue, which we restate as whether the trial court properly denied
his motion for dismissal under Rule 4(C).
Facts
On September 9, 2011, the State charged Aders with Class A misdemeanor
invasion of privacy. Aders was released on his own recognizance, and an initial hearing
was held on October 5, 2011. The trial court scheduled a pretrial conference for
November 23, 2011. At the November pretrial conference, the trial court noted that
Aders also had two probation violation cases that would be addressed with the new
charge. The trial court assigned counsel to Aders and set another pretrial conference for
December 21, 2011.
At the December 21st pretrial conference, Aders requested a continuance, and the
pretrial conference was reset for February 15, 2012. Aders did not appear for the
February 15th conference, and a warrant was issued for his arrest. Aders appeared at the
courthouse later in the day, and the trial court recalled the warrant. The trial court also
reset the pretrial conference for March 21, 2012.
On March 21st, Aders requested a continuance, and the trial court reset the pretrial
conference for April 18, 2012. On April 18th, the trial court stated that the matters were
set for a fact finding hearing. Aders requested a continuance because they had reached a
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tentative plea agreement. The trial court reset the hearing for May 23, 2012. However,
on May 23rd, the deputy prosecutor told the trial court that they had been unable to reach
an agreement and asked that the matters be set for fact finding. The trial court set a fact
finding hearing for August 10, 2012.
On August 10th, Aders failed to appear for the hearing, and the trial court issued a
warrant for him. Aders was apparently arrested on August 31, 2012. On September 4,
2012, the trial court released Aders on his own recognizance and set the matters for
hearing on September 27, 2012. On September 27th, the trial court reset the matters for
December 10, 2012. On December 10, 2012, the trial court requested that the parties
submit authority regarding an evidentiary issue and reset the matters for December 20,
2012. However, on December 20th, Aders’s counsel had not submitted the authority.
When questioned whether he was going to do so, Aders’s counsel said he would need “a
brief extension.” Tr. p. 51. The trial court reset the hearing for March 14, 2013. On its
own motion, the trial court later reset the hearing for April 29, 2013.
On March 8, 2013, Aders filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 4(C). Aders
argued that, as of March 7, 2013, 544 days had passed since he was charged. Aders
contended that only 139 of those days were chargeable to him: (1) December 21, 2011, to
February 15, 2012; (2) April 18, 2012, to May 23, 2012; and (3) August 10, 2012, to
September 27, 2012. According to Aders, 405 days were chargeable to the State, and he
was entitled to dismissal of the invasion of privacy charge. The State responded that
additional delays were attributable to Aders and that the Rule 4(C) deadline had not
passed.
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The trial court held a hearing on the matters on March 27, 2013, and denied
Aders’s motion. The trial court set the matters for bench trial on April 12, 2013. On
March 28, 2013, Aders filed a motion objecting to the trial date. Aders argued that,
according to the State’s calculations, the time for bringing him to trial expired on March
20, 2013, and the April 12, 2013 trial date violated Rule 4(C). Aders again asked that the
charge be dismissed. At the April 12th trial, Aders asked that his motion be addressed
before the trial. The trial court denied the motion, and Aders asked that the order be
certified for interlocutory appeal, which the trial court granted. We accepted jurisdiction
of the interlocutory appeal pursuant to Indiana Appellate Rule 14(B). Aders now
appeals.
Analysis
Aders argues that the trial court erred by denying his motion for dismissal under
Rule 4(C). We review a trial court’s ruling on a Rule 4(C) motion for abuse of
discretion. Curtis v. State, 948 N.E.2d 1143, 1149 (Ind. 2011).
Indiana Criminal Rule 4(C) provides:
No person shall be held on recognizance or otherwise to
answer a criminal charge for a period in aggregate embracing
more than one year from the date the criminal charge against
such defendant is filed, or from the date of his arrest on such
charge, whichever is later; except where a continuance was
had on his motion, or the delay was caused by his act, or
where there was not sufficient time to try him during such
period because of congestion of the court calendar; provided,
however, that in the last-mentioned circumstance, the
prosecuting attorney shall file a timely motion for
continuance as under subdivision (A) of this rule. Provided
further, that a trial court may take note of congestion or an
emergency without the necessity of a motion, and upon so
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finding may order a continuance. Any continuance granted
due to a congested calendar or emergency shall be reduced to
an order, which order shall also set the case for trial within a
reasonable time. Any defendant so held shall, on motion, be
discharged.
The State’s duty to try the defendant within one year is an affirmative duty and the
defendant is under no obligation to remind the State of its duty. Marshall v. State, 759
N.E.2d 665, 668 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001). However, when a trial date is set beyond the one-
year limit provided under Rule 4(C), the defendant must file a timely objection to the trial
date or waive his right to a speedy trial. Id. Moreover, “[i]f a delay is caused by the
defendant’s own motion or action, the one-year time limit is extended accordingly.”
Cook v. State, 810 N.E.2d 1064, 1066 (Ind. 2004).
When the State charged Aders on September 9, 2011, the Rule 4(C) period was
triggered. See Isaacs v. State, 673 N.E.2d 757, 762 (Ind. 1996) (holding that the one-year
period of Rule 4(C) commences with the date of arrest or filing of charges, whichever is
later). The State does not dispute that the next 103 days, until December 21, 2011, count
toward the 365-day Rule 4(C) period. However, on December 21, 2011, Aders requested
a continuance. Aders did not appear at the next hearing, which was on February 15,
2012, and the hearing was continued again. At the next hearing on March 21, 2012,
Aders requested another continuance, and the next hearing was set for May 23, 2012.
The delay between December 21, 2011, and May 23, 2012, of 154 days was attributable
to Aders due to his continuances and failure to appear.
The State does not dispute that the seventy-nine day period between May 23,
2012, and the August 10, 2012, trial date is chargeable against the rule period. However,
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Aders failed to appear for the August 10th trial date, and the forty-eight day period
between August 10, 2012, and the rescheduled hearing on September 27, 2012, was
attributable to Aders.
Although the State does not dispute that the time period between September 27,
2012, and March 8, 2013, is chargeable to the rule period, we disagree with its
calculation. We agree that the seventy-four-day time period between September 27,
2012, and December 10, 2012, is chargeable to the rule period. However, we note that,
on December 10, 2012, at a hearing, Aders orally requested a “brief extension,” and the
trial court rescheduled the hearing for March 14, 2013. Tr. p. 51. Aders did not object to
the March 14, 2013 hearing date.
Before that hearing occurred, Aders filed a motion for dismissal on March 8, 2013.
The eighty-eight-day period between December 10, 2012, and March 8, 2013, is
attributable to Aders. When Aders filed his motion to dismiss on March 8, 2013, only
256 days (103 days + 79 days + 74 days) had passed that were chargeable to the 365-day
rule period. Consequently, Aders’s motion was premature, and the trial court properly
denied his motion to dismiss.
Aders then filed a motion objecting to the April 12, 2013 trial date and requesting
that the invasion of privacy charge be dismissed. Thirty-five days passed between the
March 8, 2013 motion to dismiss and the April 12, 2013 trial date. Even if all of those
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days are chargeable to the rule period, only 291 days had passed. Aders’s motion was
still premature, and the trial court properly denied the second motion.1
Conclusion
The trial court properly denied Aders’s motion to dismiss pursuant to Indiana
Criminal Rule 4(C). We affirm.
Affirmed.
ROBB, C.J., and BROWN, J., concur.
1
Aders also argues that the State is bound by the arguments it made to the trial court. However, we may
affirm the trial court’s ruling if it is sustainable on any legal basis in the record. Williams v. State, 819
N.E.2d 381, 384 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004), trans. denied. We conclude that neither the State nor the
defendant’s arguments are correct regarding the Rule 4(C) calculation.
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