12-5061-pr
Cordero v. Lee
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO
A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS
GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S
LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH
THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN
ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING
A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY
COUNSEL.
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the
Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the
12th day of September, two thousand fourteen.
Present:
ROBERT A. KATZMANN,
Chief Judge,
ROBERT D. SACK,
GERARD E. LYNCH,
Circuit Judges.
________________________________________________
JUAN CORDERO,
Petitioner-Appellant,
v. No. 12-5061-pr
WILLIAM LEE,
Respondent-Appellee.
________________________________________________
For Petitioner-Appellant: JANE S. MEYERS, Brooklyn, NY
For Respondent-Appellee: ALLA AGEYEVA (Leonard Joblove, on the brief), for Kenneth
P. Thompson, Kings County District Attorney, Brooklyn, NY
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York
(Ross, J.).
ON CONSIDERATION WHEREOF, it is hereby ORDERED, ADJUDGED, and
DECREED that the judgment of the district court be and hereby is AFFIRMED.
Petitioner-Appellant Juan Cordero appeals from an October 22, 2012 judgment of the
United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (Ross, J.) denying Cordero’s
petition for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. Cordero seeks to overturn his 1998
conviction by the New York State Supreme Court of two counts of robbery in the first degree for
robbing two livery cab drivers. As the trial was beginning, it was discovered that Cordero’s trial
counsel had conducted and tape-recorded an interview with Edward Nunez, one of the robbery
victims and an identifying witness who was scheduled to testify for the state at trial; that Nunez
had recanted his identification of Cordero during that interview; and that defense counsel had
made statements to Nunez implying that he need not testify at trial, despite the fact that Nunez
was under a subpoena by the state. In his federal petition for habeas corpus, Cordero argues, as
he did on direct appeal to the Appellate Division of the New York State Supreme Court, that he
received ineffective assistance of counsel under the Sixth Amendment because his counsel
suffered from an actual conflict of interest—exposure to disciplinary action or criminal
prosecution for telling Nunez not to come to trial—and that this conflict of interest adversely
affected his representation, requiring reversal of Cordero’s conviction. We assume the parties’
familiarity with the underlying facts, procedural history, and issues on appeal.
Our review is constrained by the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996
(“AEDPA”), Pub. L. No. 104-132, 110 Stat. 1214 (1996). Under AEDPA, we must defer to the
state court’s decision on the merits of a constitutional claim unless that decision “was contrary
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to, or involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law, as determined by
the Supreme Court of the United States.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1). “An ‘unreasonable
application’ of federal law occurs if a state court either identifies the correct governing legal
principle from the Supreme Court’s decisions but unreasonably applies that principle to the facts
of the prisoner’s case, or if it fails to extend a principle of clearly established law to situations
which that principle should have, in reason, governed.” Tueros v. Greiner, 343 F.3d 587, 591 (2d
Cir. 2003) (brackets, internal quotation marks, and citations omitted).
The parties first dispute what standard this Court should apply in assessing Cordero’s
claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. Under Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984),
which the state would have us apply, “if a defendant establishes that her attorney had a potential
conflict of interest, in order to prove that the conflict resulted in a violation of her Sixth
Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel, she must demonstrate prejudice.” Winkler v.
Keane, 7 F.3d 304, 307 (2d Cir. 1993). By contrast, under Cuyler v. Sullivan, 446 U.S. 335
(1980), which Cordero contends should apply, “if a defendant’s lawyer had an ‘actual conflict of
interest’ in which the lawyer ‘actively represented conflicting interests,’ the defendant need only
demonstrate that the actual conflict ‘adversely affected his lawyer’s performance’ in order to
prove a violation of his Sixth Amendment right to effective counsel,” and he need not
demonstrate prejudice. Tueros, 343 F.3d at 591–92 (quoting Sullivan, 446 U.S. at 348, 350). We
need not reach that issue, however, because we conclude that the district court’s judgment may
be affirmed under either test.
Under Sullivan, “[a]n attorney has an actual, as opposed to a potential, conflict of interest
when, during the course of the representation, the attorney’s and defendant’s interests ‘diverge
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with respect to a material factual or legal issue or to a course of action.’ ” Winkler, 7 F.3d at 307
(quoting Sullivan, 446 U.S. at 356 n.3). Here, Cordero’s counsel elicited at trial testimony from
Nunez that he had previously told defense counsel that Nunez had made a mistake in identifying
Cordero. Cordero fails to suggest what other information defense counsel might have sought
from Nunez that he avoided because he did not want to open the door to questions about his
conduct. As the district court found, Compoccia conducted a thorough cross-examination of
Nunez that fully exposed the driver’s prio recantation. There is no evidence that Compoccia’s
defense of Cordero was restrained or diminished in any way to avoid uncovering Nunez’s
allegations against Compoccia. Accordingly, Cordero has failed to show that his and his
counsel’s interests diverged with respect to any material issue. Nor has Cordero demonstrated
what “plausible alternative defense strategy” his counsel “might have [] pursued” in the absence
of his alleged conflicting interests, Eisemann v. Herbert, 401 F.3d 102, 107 (2d Cir. 2005)
(quoting United States v. Feyrer, 333 F.3d 110, 116 (2d Cir. 2003)), as trial counsel put on a
vigorous defense, both with respect to his cross-examination of Nunez and his examination of
Jose Sanchez, Nunez’s supervisor, as part of the defense case. Accordingly, we conclude that
any conflict of interest remained only potential because it did not adversely affect Cordero’s
counsel’s performance, so Cordero fails to meet the Sullivan test for ineffective assistance of
counsel. As Cordero expressly disclaimed any argument that he could satisfy the prejudice
requirement under Strickland, he cannot obtain relief under that standard either. See Tueros, 343
F.3d at 592. We therefore conclude that the state court did not err—and certainly did not
unreasonably apply clearly established federal law—in sustaining Cordero’s conviction.
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We have considered Cordero’s remaining arguments and find them to be without merit.
For the reasons stated herein, the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.
FOR THE COURT:
CATHERINE O’HAGAN WOLFE, CLERK
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