UNITED STATES AIR FORCE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS
UNITED STATES
v.
Staff Sergeant ANDREW F. PIETTE
United States Air Force
ACM 38101 (recon)
06 August 2014
Sentence adjudged 19 January 2012 by GCM convened at Dyess
Air Force Base, Texas. Military Judge: J. Wesley Moore.
Approved Sentence: Dishonorable discharge, confinement for 5 years,
forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and reduction to E-1.
Appellate Counsel for the Appellant: Major Zaven T. Saroyan.
Appellate Counsel for the United States: Colonel Don M. Christensen;
Lieutenant Colonel C. Taylor Smith; Major Brian C. Mason; Captain
Matthew J. Neil; Captain Richard J. Schrider; and Gerald R. Bruce, Esquire.
Before
ALLRED, HARNEY, and MITCHELL
Appellate Military Judges
OPINION OF THE COURT
UPON RECONSIDERATION
This opinion is subject to editorial correction before final release.
PER CURIAM:
A military judge sitting as a general court-martial convicted the appellant,
consistent with his pleas, of two specifications of aggravated sexual contact with a child
who had not attained the age of 12 years, in violation of Article 120, UCMJ,
10 U.S.C. § 920.1 A panel of officer members sentenced the appellant to a dishonorable
discharge, confinement for 12 years, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and reduction
1
On the Government’s motion, the military judge dismissed without prejudice a third specification of indecent
conduct with a child, alleged as a violation of Article 120, UCMJ, 10 U.S.C. § 920.
to E-1. Consistent with the terms of a pretrial agreement (PTA), the convening authority
approved the findings, 5 years of confinement, and the remaining sentence as adjudged.
Procedural History
On 25 June 2013, the Secretary of Defense, “[p]ursuant to [his] authority under
title 5, United States Code, section 3101 et seq.,” issued a memorandum that “appoint[ed]
Mr. Laurence M. Soybel, a civilian employee of the Department of the Air Force, to
serve as appellate military judge on the Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals.”
Memorandum from Sec’y of Def. Chuck Hagel for Sec’y of the Air Force Eric Fanning,
(25 June 2013).
When the appellant’s case was originally before us, he asserted that he received
ineffective assistance of counsel during the sentencing portion of his court-martial.
On 14 August 2013, we issued a decision denying the appellant relief.
United States v. Piette, ACM 38101 (A.F. Ct. Crim. App. 14 August 2013) (unpub. op.).
Pursuant to his appointment by the Secretary of Defense, Mr. Soybel was a member of
that panel. The appellant moved this Court to vacate the decision on the basis of
Mr. Soybel’s participation and petitioned our superior court for a grant of review. On
31 October 2013, our superior court dismissed the appellant’s petition without prejudice
and converted the appellant’s motion to vacate, pending before our Court, into a motion
for reconsideration. United States v. Piette, 73 M.J. 91 (C.A.A.F. 2013) (mem.). On
15 April 2014, our superior court issued its decision in United States v. Janssen,
73 M.J. 221, 225 (C.A.A.F. 2014), holding that the Secretary of Defense did not have the
legislative authority to appoint appellate military judges and that his appointment of
Mr. Soybel to this Court was “invalid and of no effect.”
In light of Janssen, we granted the motion for reconsideration on 29 April 2014
and permitted the appellant to file a supplemental assignment of errors. The appellant
submitted a supplemental assignment of errors asserting he is entitled to relief due to
excessive post-trial processing delays. With a properly constituted panel, we have
reviewed the appellant’s case, to include the appellant’s previous and current filings and
the previous opinion issued by this Court. Finding no error that materially prejudices a
substantial right of the appellant, we affirm.
Factual Background
The victim is the appellant’s cousin. At the time of the offense and at trial, she
was 10 years old. JA lived in Minnesota with her mother and two brothers. The family
often spent weekends camping with relatives. The appellant spent the month of July
2011 on leave visiting family in Minnesota, after returning from an overseas deployment.
He spent some of the time with his family at a campground. During some of those visits
2 ACM 38101 (recon)
to the campground, the appellant touched the “vulva of [JA] with his hand or finger,” and
“placed his mouth on the vulva of [JA].” JA eventually told her mother, which led to the
appellant’s arrest by local authorities and his eventual court-martial.
Prior to trial, the defense filed a motion in limine under Mil. R. Evid. 513 asking
the military judge to conduct an in camera review of JA’s counseling records. After
conducting his review, the military judge released the records under seal to the
Government and the defense as part of a protective order.
During sentencing, the Government called JA, her mother, her father, her oldest
brother, and an expert witness to testify about the impact of the appellant’s actions on JA
and the family. JA’s mother testified that JA became a “completely different child” after
the assault. She stated that JA had lost her sense of security, had “no desire to do
anything,” did not want to compete in sports any longer, did not want to go to school or
play with her friends, and had anxiety attacks. She also stated that JA had constant
intestinal troubles. JA’s father and brother testified substantially the same as her mother.
Trial defense counsel did not cross-examine JA’s mother or brother, but did cross-
examine her father about the fact that JA was going to testify and how he thought that
was “best for her.”
On direct examination, JA recounted how the appellant assaulted her and related
that the incidents confused and scared her. She stated that she was afraid of the appellant,
no longer trusted him, and did not like to be alone with “an adult [she has not] really
known before.” But JA also stated that she had not stopped doing anything she used to
do and answered affirmatively when asked if she still played softball. On
cross-examination, trial defense counsel explored JA’s interests with her. JA testified
that she still liked softball and planned to play again when the weather warmed up. She
stated that she was good at karate, but no longer found it challenging. JA stated she still
had her friends, was getting “A” grades in school, and liked her teachers. She also stated
that she had been seeing a therapist and that she liked counseling because it helped her to
talk about things.
The Government called Dr. Veronique Valliere as an expert witness in sexual
assault trauma. Dr. Valliere testified that she reviewed JA’s mental health records, the
police reports, and the case file. She also interviewed JA and her mother. Dr. Valliere
stated that her greatest concerns for JA were the reappearance of her anxiety and
associated behaviors. She noted that JA had fears for her own safety and that people
would be “mad” at her. The defense cross-examined Dr. Valliere but did not delve into
JA’s mental health records.
In his oral unsworn statement, the appellant took responsibility for his actions and
revealed that he had been abused by his cousin when he was a young boy:
3 ACM 38101 (recon)
My cousin [J] sexually abused me for years, from about the age of 5, as
best as I can figure, until I was about 11. I was not strong enough to tell
anyone about it. [J] got caught when I was about 14 for abusing his
younger brother. When I learned that my cousin had been arrested for
abusing his younger brother, I felt the blame because I thought I could have
prevented it if I would have just said something.2
Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
The appellant argues that he received ineffective assistance of counsel during the
sentencing portion of his court-martial because his defense counsel failed to
cross-examine the Government’s witnesses about the victim’s mental health records. We
disagree. We also conclude that a fact-finding hearing is not necessary for us to resolve
this issue. See United States v. Ginn, 47 M.J. 236, 244-45 (C.A.A.F. 1997).
This Court reviews claims of ineffective assistance of counsel de novo.
United States v. Mazza, 67 M.J. 470, 474 (C.A.A.F. 2009). When reviewing such claims,
we follow the two-part test outlined by the United States Supreme Court in Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984). See United States v. Tippit, 65 M.J. 69, 76
(C.A.A.F. 2007). Our superior court has applied this standard to military courts-martial,
noting that “[i]n order to prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, an
appellant must demonstrate both (1) that his counsel’s performance was deficient, and
(2) that this deficiency resulted in prejudice.” United States v. Green, 68 M.J. 360, 361
(C.A.A.F. 2010) (citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687; Mazza, 67 M.J. at 474).
The deficiency prong requires the appellant to show his counsel’s performance fell
below an objective standard of reasonableness, according to the prevailing standards of
the profession. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688. The prejudice prong requires the appellant to
show a “reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of
the proceeding would have been different.” Id. at 694. In doing so, the appellant “must
surmount a very high hurdle.” United States v. Moulton, 47 M.J. 227, 229 (C.A.A.F.
1997) (citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689). This is because counsel are presumed
competent in the performance of their representational duties. United States v. Anderson,
55 M.J. 198, 201 (C.A.A.F. 2001). Thus, judicial scrutiny of a defense counsel’s
performance must be “highly deferential and should not be colored by the distorting
effects of hindsight.” United States v. Alves, 53 M.J. 286, 289 (C.A.A.F. 2000) (citing
Moulton, 47 M.J. at 229). The “defendant must overcome the presumption that, under
the circumstances, the challenged action ‘might be considered sound trial strategy.’”
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689 (quoting Michel v. Louisiana, 350 U.S. 91, 101 (1955)).
Moreover, “we need not determine whether any of the alleged errors [in counsel's
2
In his written unsworn statement, the appellant also stated that the Air Force had put him in a facility where he was
getting treatment for suicidal depression and where he had “begun to work on the real issues behind it: what [he]
did to [JA] and [his] own childhood abuse.”
4 ACM 38101 (recon)
performance] establish[ ] constitutional deficiencies under the first prong of Strickland
. . . [if] any such errors would not have been prejudicial under the high hurdle established
by the second prong of Strickland.” United States v. Saintaude, 61 M.J. 175, 183
(C.A.A.F. 2005).
In assessing the appellant’s allegation of ineffective assistance of counsel, we find
the appellant failed to establish his counsel were deficient such that their performance fell
below an objective standard of reasonableness, according to the prevailing standards of
the profession. In affidavits, trial defense counsel state they reviewed JA’s mental health
records with their court-appointed forensic psychologist to assess, among other areas, the
“possible effectiveness of any cross examination [sic] on the topic against all the
witnesses that the government intended to call.” From their review, the defense
concluded that most of “the statements provided by the mother, father, and brother of the
alleged victim, were contradicted by the minor’s own statements that she still related to
male figures or that she was not participating in sports because of reasons unrelated to the
assault.”
Based on this review of the mental health records with their expert, the defense
decided as a matter of strategy to cross-examine JA on the areas they concluded needed
to be clarified for the members regarding victim impact. The defense focused the
cross-examination on how well JA was doing in school and how she still enjoyed some of
her outside activities, including sports. The defense also elicited testimony that explained
that while JA may no longer have participated in some things she enjoyed doing prior to
the charged offenses, “that was a product of a young girl changing her mind and not a
product of the abuse she suffered at the hands of [the appellant].” According to trial
defense counsel, “[a]ny decision not to attack [JA’s] veracity was made strategically as to
avoid alienating or infuriating the members that a young victim was being attacked by
counsel.” Their main strategy was “to show that she [was] doing ok and still living her
life.”
The defense strategy on how to cross-examine JA also tied into their approach on
extenuation and mitigation. Counsel decided not to “show that [JA] suffered no ill
effects from the abuse as [trial defense counsel] thought that would not be beneficial to
[the appellant] in providing him the best mitigation and extenuation defense under the
circumstances.” In his unsworn statement, the appellant talked about the child abuse he
experienced at the hands of a family member and the effects it had on him. Thus, defense
counsel state that their strategy “could not support minimizing the effects on a nine [sic]
year old allegedly victimized by her cousin, when the same effect on the Appellant’s
victimization by his family member was a matter being presented as mitigation.”
Because we find trial defense counsel were not deficient, we need not address the
prejudice prong of Strickland. Even if we had found their performance deficient, we find
that the appellant has failed to show that he suffered any prejudice, that is, a “reasonable
5 ACM 38101 (recon)
probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding
would have been different.” See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694. The members sentenced
the appellant to 12 years of confinement after hearing a 10-year-old JA describe the
sexual assaults at the hands of a cousin she used to admire but no longer trusted. The
appellant’s trial defense counsel secured a PTA prior to trial that capped confinement at
5 years. Thus, the appellant reaped the benefit of his bargain and has failed to convince
us that the results of his sentencing hearing would have been different.
Appellate Review Time Standards
We review de novo “[w]hether an appellant has been denied [his] due process
right to a speedy post-trial review . . . and whether [any] constitutional error is harmless
beyond a reasonable doubt.” United States v. Allison, 63 M.J. 365, 370 (C.A.A.F. 2006)
(citations omitted). A presumption of unreasonable delay arises when appellate review is
not completed and a decision is not rendered within 18 months of the case being docketed
before this Court. United States v. Moreno, 63 M.J. 129, 142 (C.A.A.F. 2006). The
Moreno standards continue to apply as a case continues through the appellate process.
United States v. Mackie, 72 M.J. 135–36 (C.A.A.F. 2013). The Moreno standard is not
violated when each period of time used for the resolution of legal issues between this
Court and our superior court is within the 18-month standard. Id. at 136; United States v.
Roach, 69 M.J. 17, 22 (C.A.A.F. 2010).
This case was originally docketed for appellate review on 21 March 2012 and this
Court rendered our initial decision on 14 August 2013, under the 18-month standard
established in Moreno. As stated supra, our superior court recently decided that one of
the judges who participated in that decision was not properly appointed. See Janssen,
73 M.J. at 222. Accordingly, we have considered the appellant’s court-martial before a
properly constituted panel and issue this decision. The time between our superior court’s
action and this decision has not exceeded 18 months; therefore, the Moreno presumption
of unreasonable delay is not triggered. See Mackie, 72 M.J. at 136.
Additionally, Article 66(c), UCMJ, 10 U.S.C. § 866(c), empowers appellate courts
to grant sentence relief for excessive post-trial delay without the showing of actual
prejudice required by Article 59(a), UCMJ, 10 U.S.C. § 859(a). United States v. Tardif,
57 M.J. 219, 224 (C.A.A.F. 2002); see also United States v. Harvey, 64 M.J. 13, 24
(C.A.A.F. 2006). In United States v. Brown, 62 M.J. 602, 606–07 (N.M. Ct. Crim. App.
2005), our Navy and Marine Court colleagues identified a “non-exhaustive” list of factors
to consider in evaluating whether Article 66(c), UCMJ, relief should be granted for
post-trial delay. Among the non-prejudicial factors are the length and reasons for the
delay; the length and complexity of the record; the offenses involved; and the evidence of
bad faith or gross negligence in the post-trial process. Id. at 607. We find there was no
bad faith or gross negligence in the post-trial processing. The reason for the delay was to
allow this Court and our superior court to fully consider a constitutional issue of first
6 ACM 38101 (recon)
impression—that is, whether the Secretary of Defense has the authority under the
Appointments Clause3 to appoint civilian employees to the service courts of criminal
appeals. We conclude that sentence relief under Article 66, UCMJ, is not warranted.
Conclusion
The approved findings and sentence are correct in law and fact and no error
materially prejudicial to the substantial rights of the appellant occurred.4 Articles 59(a)
and 66(c), UCMJ. Accordingly, the findings of guilty and the sentence, as approved, are
AFFIRMED.
Senior Judge HARNEY participated in this decision prior to her retirement.
FOR THE COURT
STEVEN LUCAS
Clerk of the Court
3
U.S. CONST. art II § 2, cl 2.
4
We note the court-martial order (CMO) fails to include Specification 3 of the Charge, which the accused was
arraigned upon, and the disposition of that specification. While this clerical error is not prejudicial, we order
promulgation of a corrected CMO. See Air Force Instruction 51-201, Administration of Military Justice, ¶ 10.8.2.2
(6 June 2013) (“List the charges and specifications on which the accused was arraigned. . . . The disposition of each
charge and specification should be clear, including those . . . dismissed.”)
7 ACM 38101 (recon)