[Cite as CitiMortgage, Inc. v. Jackson, 2014-Ohio-4095.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 101187
CITIMORTGAGE, INC.
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
ROBERT JACKSON, ET AL.
DEFENDANTS-APPELLANTS
JUDGMENT:
AFFIRMED
Civil Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CV-12-786719
BEFORE: Celebrezze, P.J., Rocco, J., and Kilbane, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: September 18, 2014
FOR APPELLANT
Robert Jackson, pro se
184 Greenvale Drive
Cleveland, Ohio 44121
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
David B. Bokor
Edward H. Cahill
Matthew P. Curry
Edward M. Kochalski
Matthew J. Richardson
Justin M. Ritch
Manley Deas Kochalski, L.L.C.
P.O. Box 165028
Columbus, Ohio 43216
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., P.J.:
{¶1} Appellant, Robert Jackson, pro se, appeals the denial of his motion for relief
from judgment, which attempted to vacate an entry of summary judgment and order of
foreclosure in favor of appellee, CitiMortgage, Inc. (“CitiMortgage”). Jackson argues
that CitiMortgage does not have standing to initiate or maintain suit, that the mortgage
was not properly recorded, and that the court abused its discretion in denying his Civ.R.
60(B) motion for relief from judgment without holding a hearing. After a thorough
review of the record and law, we affirm the decision of the trial court.
I. Factual and Procedural History
{¶2} In 2003, Jackson owned a home located at 184 Greenvale Road, in South
Euclid, Ohio. He applied for and obtained a home loan from Principal Residential
Mortgage, Inc. (“Principal”). Jackson obtained a loan for $119,000 on May 29, 2003,
which was secured by a mortgage on the property. The mortgage was recorded on June
5, 2003. The mortgage executed by Jackson listed Mortgage Electronic Registration
System, Inc. (“MERS”) as the mortgagee, Jackson as the mortgagor, and Principal as the
lender. The mortgage, as evidenced by an assignment recorded June 1, 2012, was
transferred from Principal to CitiMortgage on May 24, 2012. According to Jackson,
CitiMortgage was the loan servicer prior to initiating foreclosure.
{¶3} Jackson failed to make the required monthly payments, and CitiMortgage
initiated suit in the Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Court seeking foreclosure on July
10, 2012. The suit also sought reformation of the granting clause of the mortgage to
amend the name of the mortgagor to “Robert Jackson htta Robert Lorand Jackson.”
CitiMortgage attached to its complaint a preliminary judicial report, a copy of the note
endorsed in blank, a copy of the mortgage, and a copy of an assignment of the mortgage
to CitiMortgage.
{¶4} The case was transferred to a magistrate for hearing. Service was perfected
on Jackson, and he answered on October 1, 2012, requesting mediation. The case was
referred to mediation on October 4, 2012. The parties reached a purported agreement,
and the court entered an order on March 21, 2013, directing the parties to file a dismissal
or notice of intent to proceed by July 15, 2013. On June 10, 2013, CitiMortgage filed its
notice of intent to proceed after it claimed Jackson failed to make required payments
under the agreement.
{¶5} CitiMortgage filed a motion for summary judgment on August 6, 2013, and
Jackson filed his opposition to summary judgment on August 16, 2013. On September
25, 2013, the trial court granted CitiMortgage’s motion for summary judgment against
Jackson and its motion for default judgment against non-answering defendants. The
entry directed the magistrate to issue a written decision to follow. The magistrate issued
a decision on September 26, 2013. Jackson filed objections to the magistrate’s decision
on October 11, 2013. He also filed an untimely request for findings of fact and
conclusions of law on November 12, 2013. The trial court overruled Jackson’s
objections to the magistrate’s decision on January 30, 2014. The court officially adopted
the magistrate’s decision with a separate written opinion and entered a decree of
foreclosure on February 5, 2014.
{¶6} On February 13, 2014, Jackson filed a document titled “Affidavit of Facts
Ref: Standing,” which set forth allegations that attempted to show CitiMortgage did not
have standing. There, he averred that when the deed was submitted for recording, it was
never accepted and acknowledged by him and was not validly recorded. Jackson also
filed a “Motion to Stay Final Judgment Pending Review of Possible Evidence of Fraud by
CitiMortgage and Charles Edmonton on This Court and the Defendant” on the same day.
There, Jackson alleged that, based on various unauthenticated printouts from social media
websites, Edmonton listed his employer as CitiMortgage at the time he signed the
assignment of mortgage from MERS to CitiMortgage as nominee for Principal. On
February 26, 2014, the trial court denied Jackson’s motion, finding that a final order had
been issued. Therefore, the motion was not properly before the court.
{¶7} On March 5, 2014, Jackson filed a motion for relief from judgment arguing
that CitiMortgage lacked standing and he challenged the documents CitiMortgage
submitted in support of its suit. CitiMortgage filed a memorandum in opposition on
March 13, 2014. Jackson filed a reply, attaching various documents including news
articles with allegations of “robo-signing” and mortgage fraud. On March 20, 2014, the
trial court denied Jackson’s motion finding he had not set forth operative facts necessary
to satisfy the requirements of Civ.R. 60(B). A sale date was set, and an appraisal was
performed by the time Jackson filed a notice of appeal on March 29, 2014, assigning the
following errors for review:
I. The trial court erred in granting summary judgment to Plaintiff-Appellee
CitiMortgage in holding that Plaintiff has standing to foreclose and has
maintained that standing throughout these proceedings as required by law.
II. The trial court erred when it found that the Mortgage at issue in this
case was duly recorded June 5, 2003 as Instrument Number 200306050053.
III. The trial court erred in assuming “Subject Matter Jurisdiction”. In
denying my request that the Plaintiff produce the original documents (the
Mortgage, Note and Assignment docs) as required by law, the court denied
me the protections afforded by law, against the potential fraud that is
rampant in the banking industry today.
IV. The trial court erred: it was an abuse of discretion for the Court to
deny Defendants [sic] 60(B) Motion to Vacate without holding a hearing.
II. Law and Analysis
{¶8} Unfortunately, Jackson’s first assignment of error is not properly before this
court on appeal. Jackson is appealing from a decision denying his motion for relief from
a final judgment. He did not directly appeal from the grant of summary judgment and
order of foreclosure. This court is limited to determining issues properly before it on
appeal; namely, the trial court’s decision to deny Jackson’s motion for relief from
judgment. Accordingly, the first assignment of error taking issue with the trial court’s
decision on summary judgment cannot be addressed.
{¶9} The second and third assignments of error can be read as arguments raised in
Jackson’s Civ.R. 60(B) motion, and therefore will be addressed in that context.
A. Civ.R. 60(B)
{¶10} In his final assignment of error, Jackson argues that the trial court erred in
denying his motion without a hearing. When reviewing the denial of a motion for relief
from judgment, an appellate court applies an abuse of discretion standard of review.
Shuford v. Owens, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 07AP-1068, 2008-Ohio-6220, ¶15, citing Natl.
City Bank v. Rini, 162 Ohio App.3d 662, 2005-Ohio-4041, 834 N.E.2d 836, ¶ 15 (11th
Dist.). To constitute an abuse of discretion, the ruling must be unreasonable, arbitrary, or
unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).
“To prevail on his motion under Civ.R. 60(B), the movant must
demonstrate that: (1) the party has a meritorious defense or claim to present
if relief is granted; (2) the party is entitled to relief under one of the grounds
stated in Civ.R. 60(B)(1) through (5); and (3) the motion is made within a
reasonable time, and, where the grounds of relief are Civ.R. 60(B)(1), (2) or
(3), not more than one year after the judgment, order or proceeding was
entered or taken.”
GTE Automatic Elec., Inc. v. ARC Indus., Inc., 47 Ohio St.2d 146, 150-151, 351 N.E.2d
113 (1976). Those stated grounds are:
(1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect; (2) newly
discovered evidence which by due diligence could not have been discovered
in time to move for a new trial under Rule 59(B); (3) fraud (whether
heretofore denominated intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation or other
misconduct of an adverse party; (4) the judgment has been satisfied,
released or discharged, or a prior judgment upon which it is based has been
reversed or otherwise vacated, or it is no longer equitable that the judgment
should have prospective application; or (5) any other reason justifying relief
from the judgment.
Civ.R. 60(B).
{¶11} Jackson makes the argument that CitiMortgage did not have standing to
foreclose because there is no valid assignment of the mortgage from Principal to
CitiMortgage. In Jackson’s second assignment of error, he also advances an argument
that an invalidly recorded deed renders any subsequent mortgage void. These arguments
go to whether Jackson has a meritorious claim or defense.
{¶12} In a thorough and well-reasoned opinion, the Tenth District addressed a
similar argument to Jackson’s that MERS did not validly assign a mortgage to a bank that
then filed a foreclosure suit. Bank of Am., N.A. v. Pasqualone, 10th Dist. Franklin No.
13AP-87, 2013-Ohio-5795. After analyzing whether the bank seeking foreclosure was
the holder of the note and entitled to enforce its terms, the court affirmed long-standing
Ohio law that “‘where a promissory note is secured by a mortgage, the note is evidence of
the debt and the mortgage is a mere incident of the debt.’” Id. at ¶ 38, quoting U.S. Bank
N.A. v. Gray, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 12AP-953, 2013-Ohio-3340, ¶ 32, citing Edgar v.
Haines, 109 Ohio St. 159, 164, 141 N.E. 837 (1923), and Kernohan v. Manss, 53 Ohio St.
118, 133, 41 N.E. 258 (1895). Therefore, “the physical transfer of the note endorsed in
blank, which the mortgage secures, constitutes an equitable assignment of the mortgage,
regardless of whether the mortgage is actually (or validly) assigned or delivered.”
Deutsche Bank Natl. Trust Co. v. Najar, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98502, 2013-Ohio-1657,
¶ 65.
{¶13} CitiMortgage attached a copy of the note to its complaint that contains an
endorsement in blank. Therefore physical transfer and possession of the note is
sufficient to demonstrate rights of enforcement and standing to bring suit based on a
breach of the conditions of the note. See Pasqualone at ¶ 23-33 (thorough discussion of
right of enforcement under Ohio’s version of the Uniform Commercial Code).
{¶14} Assuming Jackson is correct, without deciding whether the assignment of
the mortgage to CitiMortgage was deficient, an invalid transfer of the mortgage does not
establish that CitiMortgage lacks standing to initiate a foreclosure suit. CitiMortgage
demonstrated that it was entitled to enforce the note as the holder of the note endorsed in
blank.
{¶15} Jackson alleges in his third assignment of error that the trial court erred in
denying his request to have CitiMortgage produce the original note, mortgage, and
assignment. However, this decision is outside of the scope of the present appeal.
Therefore, it cannot be addressed because this court’s review is limited to the proceedings
involving Jackson’s motion for relief from judgment.
{¶16} Finally, whether the deed from the prior owner to Jackson was validly
recorded does not impact Jackson’s obligation under the note. Recording provides notice
to third parties. Stansell v. Roberts, 13 Ohio 148 (1844). As between the parties to a
transaction, actual notice is inherent and a failure to record an instrument does not affect
its validity. Bradford v. B & P Wrecking Co., 171 Ohio App.3d 616, 2007-Ohio-1732,
872 N.E.2d 331 (6th Dist.) (failure to record a land installment contract did not affect the
parties’ contractual obligations and rights in a foreclosure action).
{¶17} Jackson has not demonstrated the existence of a meritorious claim or
defense. He does not allege that he is current on his required payments or that
CitiMortgage does not have enforcement rights for the note. He does not allege that a
third party has enforcement rights or is otherwise entitled to receive payments under the
note. CitiMortgage has demonstrated it has standing, and Jackson has not offered any
valid evidence to dispute that proposition. Jackson’s lack of a meritorious claim or
defense is fatal to his motion. Therefore, he failed to allege sufficient operative facts that
would require the trial court to hold a hearing on the motion. Kay v. Marc Glassman,
Inc., 76 Ohio St.3d 18, 19, 665 N.E.2d 1102 (1996). In the absence of such operative
facts, the court did not err in denying Jackson’s motion without a hearing.
III. Conclusion
{¶18} Jackson failed to demonstrate that he was entitled to relief from judgment
under Civ.R. 60(B). Therefore, the trial court did not err in denying his motion without a
hearing.
{¶19} Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to the common pleas court to carry this
judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., PRESIDING JUDGE
KENNETH A. ROCCO, J., and
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, J., CONCUR