FILED
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
September 24, 2014
TENTH CIRCUIT Elisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court
JAMES RUDNICK,
Petitioner - Appellant,
v. No. 14-1098
(D.C. No. 1:13-CV-03223-LTB)
WARDEN JAMES FALK; THE (D. Colo.)
ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE
STATE OF COLORADO,
Respondents - Appellees.
ORDER
DENYING CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY
Before KELLY, ANDERSON, and BACHARACH, Circuit Judges.
Petitioner-Appellant James Rudnick, a Colorado state inmate appearing pro
se, seeks a certificate of appealability (COA) to appeal from the district court’s
dismissal of his petition for writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254.
Rudnick v. Falk, No. 13–cv–03223–BNB, 2014 WL 585386 (D. Colo. Feb. 14,
2014). Because Mr. Rudnick has failed to demonstrate that it is reasonably
debatable whether the district court was correct in its procedural ruling, Slack v.
McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000), we deny his request and dismiss his appeal.
Background
In 1992, a jury found Mr. Rudnick guilty of first-degree (deliberative)
murder, attempted first-degree (deliberative) murder, and two counts of first-
degree assault. He was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder conviction,
a consecutive eighteen-year sentence for the attempted murder conviction, and a
concurrent four-year sentence for the assault convictions. His convictions were
affirmed on direct appeal by the Colorado Court of Appeals, People v. Rudnick,
878 P.2d 16 (Colo. Ct. App. 1993), and the Colorado Supreme Court denied
certiorari on August 8, 1994.
Not until December 2, 1997, did Mr. Rudnick submit any further filings to
the state district court. On December 12, 1997, he filed a motion to “waive
restitution and fines.” The state district court denied his motion, and he sought
reconsideration on January 29, 1998. The record does not show whether the
motion to reconsider was resolved.
Over six years later, on July 30, 2004, Mr. Rudnick filed his first motion
for post-conviction relief. The record does not show whether this motion was
resolved. After another six years had passed, on March 8, 2010, Mr. Rudnick
filed a second motion for post-conviction relief. The state district court denied
the motion on August 26, 2010, and the Colorado Court of Appeals affirmed on
April 19, 2012. Certiorari was denied on November 27, 2012.
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On November 25, 2013, Mr. Rudnick filed his federal habeas petition
asserting numerous claims, including improper jurisdiction, ineffective assistance
of counsel, and violations of due process and equal protection. The district court
held that the action was untimely. 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d).
Discussion
A COA requires that an applicant make a “substantial showing of the denial
of a constitutional right.” 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). Where, as here, the district
court denied a § 2254 petition on procedural grounds, the petitioner must
demonstrate that it is reasonably debatable whether: (1) the petition states a valid
claim of the denial of a constitutional right, and (2) the district court’s procedural
ruling is correct. Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000).
Generally, a federal habeas petition must be filed within a one-year
limitation period. 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1). This limitation period ordinarily
commences on “the date on which the judgment became final by the conclusion of
direct review or the expiration of the time for seeking such review.” Id. Mr.
Rudnick’s conviction became final on November 6, 1994, when the deadline to
seek review from the Supreme Court had passed. Locke v. Saffle, 237 F.3d 1269,
1273 (10th Cir. 2001). However, a state prisoner whose conviction became final
before April 24, 1996 could file a § 2254 application on or before April 24, 1997.
See United States v. Hurst, 322 F.3d 1256, 1260 (10th Cir. 2003); Hoggro v.
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Boone, 150 F.3d 1223, 1226 (10th Cir. 1998). Mr. Rudnick did not initiate this
action until November 25, 2013, almost seventeen years after the one-year
limitation period expired.
Mr. Rudnick’s limitation period, running from April 24, 1996 through April
24, 1997, was not tolled by the pendency of any properly filed state court post-
conviction motions. See Hoggro, 150 F.3d at 1226. Mr. Rudnick filed his first
motion for post-conviction relief on July 30, 2004, which would not toll the
original period. Additionally, although the limitation period for § 2254 motions
is subject to equitable tolling in extraordinary circumstances, Holland v. Florida,
560 U.S. 631, 645 (2010), Mr. Rudnick does not present a valid basis for such
tolling here.
We DENY a COA, DENY IFP status, and DISMISS the appeal.
Entered for the Court
Paul J. Kelly, Jr.
Circuit Judge
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