Filed 10/28/14 P. v. Kenville CA6
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
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IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
THE PEOPLE, H039418
(Santa Clara County
Plaintiff and Respondent, Super. Ct. No. F1241773)
v.
WILLIAM PAUL KENVILLE,
Defendant and Appellant.
Defendant William Paul Kenville pleaded nolo contendere to possession of more
than 28.5 grams of marijuana (Health & Saf. Code, § 11357, subd. (c)) and transportation
and distribution of marijuana (id., § 11360, subd. (a)). The trial court placed him on
probation for a period of three years, subject to various terms and conditions. He was
also ordered to pay certain fines and fees. On appeal, defendant argues reversal is
necessary, because the court failed to specify the base amount of the drug program fee
and did not state the statutory bases for the fee and penalty assessments. He also argues
one of his probation conditions is unconstitutionally vague due to its lack of a knowledge
requirement.
We reverse the order granting probation and remand to the trial court so that it
may specify the amount of the drug program fee and penalty assessment and separately
state the appropriate statutory bases for each.
PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND1
On February 22, 2012, a complaint was filed charging defendant with possession
of marijuana for sale (Health & Saf. Code, § 11359; count 1) and transportation and
distribution of marijuana (id., § 11360, subd. (a); count 2). On November 5, 2012, count
1 was amended to possession of more than 28.5 grams of marijuana (id., § 11357, subd.
(c)). Defendant pleaded nolo contendere to both charges.
On January 28, 2013, the trial court suspended imposition of sentence and placed
defendant on probation for a period of three years.2 Based on a negotiated disposition,
defendant was ordered to serve one year in county jail, with 11 months suspended and the
remaining 30 days to be completed at a sheriff’s weekend work program. The court also
imposed various conditions of probation, including that defendant was “not to possess or
use illegal drugs or illegal controlled substances or go anywhere that he knows that illegal
drugs or non prescribed controlled substances are used or sold.” Defendant was ordered
to pay various fines and fees, including a “drug program fee plus a $450.00, penalty
assessment.”
Defendant filed a timely notice of appeal.
DISCUSSION
1. Drug Program Fee
Defendant argues reversal is necessary, because the court failed to state the exact
amount imposed for the drug program fee and did not specify the statutory bases for the
fee and its applicable penalty assessments. We agree.
1
The circumstances of defendant’s offense are not relevant to the issues raised on
appeal. We therefore dispense with a recitation of the facts and provide only a brief
summary of the relevant procedural history.
2
Earlier, defendant filed a motion pursuant to People v. Marsden (1970) 2 Cal.3d
118. A hearing was held on December 19, 2012, and the motion was denied.
2
Failure to State Base Amount of Drug Program Fee
During the sentencing hearing, the trial court did not specify the amount of the
drug program fee to be imposed. The court merely stated that it was ordering defendant
to pay a “drug program fee plus a $450.00, penalty assessment.”3 However, the
sentencing minute order reflects a $150 drug program fee plus an additional $450 in
penalty assessments. Defendant argues the $150 drug program fee was entered in error.
It is well settled that when there is a discrepancy between the oral pronouncement
of a sentence and the minute order or the abstract of judgment, the oral pronouncement
controls. (People v. Mitchell (2001) 26 Cal.4th 181, 185.) Here the oral pronouncement
indicated the trial court intended to impose a drug program fee. However, the court did
not specify the amount of the fee. Therefore, the $150 drug program fee in the minute
order was entered in error. “The clerk cannot supplement the judgment the court actually
pronounced by adding a provision to the minute order.” (People v. Zackery (2007) 147
Cal.App.4th 380, 387.) Although the probation report recommended a $150 drug
program fee, the court did not reference the report during the sentencing hearing and did
not express it was adopting the report’s recommendations.
The People argue the issue has been forfeited on appeal, because defendant did not
object at the sentencing hearing. We disagree; the minute order’s erroneous addition of
the $150 drug program fee is a clerical error that may be corrected at any time. (People
v. Mitchell, supra, 26 Cal.4th at p. 185.)
There is also no merit to the People’s assertion that a remand would be futile,
because defendant’s waiver of rights contained an advisement that the court could impose
3
Health and Safety Code section 11372.7, subdivision (a) provides that every
person who is convicted of a drug-related offense “shall pay a drug program fee in an
amount not to exceed one hundred fifty dollars ($150) for each separate offense.” The
drug program fee is subject to various mandatory penalty assessments. (See People v.
Sierra (1995) 37 Cal.App.4th 1690, 1696.)
3
a drug program fee of $150 plus a 300 percent penalty assessment. While this
advisement may have put defendant on notice that he could face a $150 drug program fee
and a 300 percent penalty assessment, there is nothing to indicate defendant was told he
would definitively be subject to a $150 fee. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code section
11372.7, subdivision (a), defendant was subject to a fee not to exceed the $150
maximum. The court could have exercised its discretion to impose a lesser amount.
Without an oral pronouncement on the record, we cannot conclusively find the court
intended to impose a $150 drug program fee.
We also cannot accept the People’s argument that we can infer from the court’s
pronouncement of a $450 penalty assessment that it intended to impose a $150 base fee.
During the sentencing hearing, the court did not state that the $450 penalty assessment
was calculated as 300 percent of the base fee. Neither is this indicated in the sentencing
minute order.
Therefore, we must reverse and remand to the trial court so that it may clearly
state on the record the specific amount of the drug program fee to be imposed.
Failure to State Statutory Bases for Fines, Fees, and Penalty Assessments
When imposing the drug program fee, the court stated defendant would be subject
to a “drug program fee plus a $450, penalty assessment.” The sentencing minute order
reflects a $450 penalty assessment but does not set forth the statutory bases. The court
also did not reference a statutory basis for the base “drug program fee” or the penalty
assessments during the sentencing hearing. Defendant argues remand is necessary due to
the court’s failure to specify the applicable statutory bases for the fee and the penalty
assessments, and we agree.
As recognized in People v. High (2004) 119 Cal.App.4th 1192, 1200, “[a]lthough .
. . a detailed recitation of all the fees, fines and penalties on the record may be tedious,
California law does not authorize shortcuts. All fines and fees must be set forth in the
4
abstract of judgment.” “A trial court could recite the amount and statutory basis for any
base fine and the amounts and statutory bases for any penalty assessments on the record .
. . . Or, in cases where the amounts and statutory bases for the penalty assessments have
been set forth in a probation report, a sentencing memorandum, or some other writing,
the court could state the amount and the statutory basis for the base fine and make a
shorthand reference in its oral pronouncement to ‘penalty assessments as set forth in the’
probation report, memorandum, or writing as authorized in [People v. Sharret (2011) 191
Cal.App.4th 859] and [People v. Voit (2011) 200 Cal.App.4th 1353].” (People v. Hamed
(2013) 221 Cal.App.4th 928, 939-940.)
As we previously noted, the court’s oral pronouncement and minute order do not
provide statutory bases for the drug program fee and the applicable penalty assessments.
Although the probation report stated it was recommending a “$150 Drug Program Fee,
plus penalty assessment, be imposed pursuant to Section 11372.7 of the Health and
Safety Code,” the report does not provide a statutory bases for the penalty assessment.
Additionally, the probation report does not contain an itemization of the penalty
assessments. Even if it had, the court did not reference the probation report in its oral
pronouncement.
Therefore, reversal is necessary so the court may specify the appropriate statutory
bases for the drug program fee and the applicable penalty assessments.
2. Probation Condition
Next, defendant challenges one of his probation conditions on constitutional
grounds. He claims the condition that states he “is not to possess or use illegal drugs or
illegal controlled substances or go anywhere that he knows that illegal drugs or non
prescribed controlled substances are used or sold” should be modified to include an
express knowledge requirement. We conclude no modification is required.
5
“A Court of Appeal may review the constitutionality of a probation condition,
even when it has not been challenged in the trial court, if the question can be resolved as
a matter of law without reference to the sentencing record. (In re Sheena K. (2007) 40
Cal.4th 875, 888-889.) Our review of such a question is de novo.” (People v. Pirali
(2013) 217 Cal.App.4th 1341, 1345.)
Defendant acknowledges this court decided a similar issue in People v. Rodriguez
(2013) 222 Cal.App.4th 578 (Rodriguez). In Rodriguez, the challenged condition stated
in pertinent part: “ ‘Not use or possess alcohol, intoxicants, narcotics, or other controlled
substances without the prescription of a physician . . . .’ ” (Id. at p. 592.) The Rodriguez
defendant argued the condition required modification because it lacked a scienter
requirement. (Id. at p. 593.) This court concluded modification was unnecessary,
because a scienter element was “reasonably implicit” in the condition. (Ibid.) We
acknowledged that “Division 10 of the Health and Safety Code is the California Uniform
Controlled Substances Act. (Health & Saf. Code, § 11000 et seq.) Case law has
construed these statutes as including implicit knowledge elements. ‘[A]lthough criminal
statutes prohibiting the possession, transportation, or sale of a controlled substance do not
expressly contain an element that the accused be aware of the character of the controlled
substance at issue ([Health & Saf. Code,] §§ 11350-11352, 11357-11360, 11377-11379),
such a requirement has been implied by the courts.’ ” (Ibid.)
Following the reasoning set forth in Rodriguez, we conclude it “is implicit . . . that
possession of a controlled substance involves the mental elements of knowing of its
presence and of its nature as a restricted substance.” (Rodriguez, supra, 222 Cal.App.4th
at p. 593.) Therefore, the condition prohibiting defendant from using or possessing
6
illegal controlled substances or drugs does not require modification to render it
constitutional.4
DISPOSITION
The order granting probation is reversed. On remand, the trial court is directed to
separately state the drug program fee and penalty assessments and specify the appropriate
statutory bases for each. The clerk is directed to prepare an amended minute order that
sets forth the amount of and statutory bases for the drug program fee and penalty
assessments.
4
Defendant acknowledges the holding in Rodriguez but argues it was wrongly
decided and requests we reconsider the decision. We decline to do so.
7
Premo, J.
WE CONCUR:
Rushing, P.J.
Elia, J.