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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
3 Plaintiff-Appellee,
4 v. No. 33,772
5 BILLY ROWDEN,
6 Defendant-Appellant.
7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF CHAVES COUNTY
8 Steven L. Bell, District Judge
9 Gary K. King, Attorney General
10 Santa Fe, NM
11 for Appellee
12 Law Offices of the Public Defender
13 Jorge A. Alvarado, Chief Public Defender
14 Kathleen T. Baldridge, Assistant Appellate Defender
15 Santa Fe, NM
16 for Appellant
17 MEMORANDUM OPINION
18 SUTIN, Judge.
1 {1} Defendant appeals his convictions for two counts of false imprisonment, two
2 counts of aggravated burglary (deadly weapon), and one count of larceny. [RP 163]
3 Our notice of proposed summary disposition proposed to affirm, and Defendant filed
4 a memorandum in opposition. We remain unpersuaded by Defendant’s arguments and
5 therefore affirm.
6 {2} In Issue (1), Defendant continues to argue the evidence is insufficient to support
7 his convictions for two counts of false imprisonment, two counts of aggravated
8 burglary (deadly weapon), and one count of larceny. [DS 1, 4; MIO 3] See generally
9 State v. Sutphin, 1988-NMSC-031, ¶ 21, 107 N.M. 126, 753 P.2d 1314 (setting forth
10 the standard of review for a substantial evidence challenge). For the reasons
11 extensively detailed in our notice, we affirm Defendant’s convictions. We do,
12 however, briefly address specific arguments that Defendant raises in his memorandum
13 in opposition in his continued challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence.
14 {3} With regard to his convictions for two counts of false imprisonment, see
15 NMSA 1978, § 30-4-3 (1963), Defendant asserts that he did not restrain Victim, and
16 as support for this assertion, emphasizes that Victim “walked away from him[.]”
17 [MIO 4] While Victim was ultimately able to run—not walk—away from Defendant
18 at the end of both incidents [RP 152 (¶ 13), 153 (¶ 18); DS 3], this does not preclude
19 a finding that Defendant restrained Victim beforehand. Moreover, as we noted in our
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1 notice, “false imprisonment does not require physical restraint of the victim; it may
2 also arise out of words, acts, gestures, or similar means.” State v. Corneau, 1989-
3 NMCA-040, ¶ 12, 109 N.M. 81, 781 P.2d 1159. Thus, while Defendant asserts that
4 he did not “restrain” Victim [MIO 4], it was within the fact-finder’s prerogative to
5 assess otherwise. See Sutphin, 1988-NMSC-031, ¶ 21 (providing that the fact-finder
6 is free to reject a defendant’s version of events).
7 {4} With regard to Defendant’s two counts of aggravated burglary (deadly weapon),
8 see NMSA 1978, § 30-16-4(A) (1963), Defendant asserts that it “is unclear from the
9 record . . . whether [he] ever entered” Victim’s home. [MIO 5] Contrary to this
10 assertion, however, the district court’s findings expressly provide that Defendant
11 entered Victim’s home without permission. [RP 152 (¶ 5), 153 (¶ 16)] Defendant
12 further maintains that there was nonetheless no evidence to suggest that he intended
13 to commit a crime once he entered [MIO 5], asserting that he only intended “to see
14 that [Victim] vacate the premises” [MIO 5-6], to force Victim to apologize to the
15 girlfriend [MIO 5], and “to foil any attempts at scrap metal theft.” [MIO 6] While
16 Defendant attributes his actions as done for reasons other than to enter Victim’s home
17 without authorization and with the intent to commit an aggravated battery once inside,
18 the fact-finder was free to reject Defendant’s view of the evidence. See Sutphin, 1988-
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1 NMSC-031, ¶ 21. Similarly, while Defendant suggests his battery of Victim was in
2 self-defense, the fact-finder could decide otherwise. Id.
3 {5} And lastly, with regard to Defendant’s conviction for larceny, see NMSA 1978,
4 § 30-16-1(A), (B) (2006), Defendant argues that “no evidence was presented to
5 suggest that [he] took the phone intending to permanently deprive [Victim] of it” and
6 asserts that he instead “only took the phone to prove the existence of a conspiracy
7 between” Victim and another person to steal his scrap metal. [MIO 6] Given the
8 evidence that Defendant demanded that Victim give him his cell phone, that Victim
9 complied with this demand, and that Defendant kept the cell phone and had it in his
10 home [RP 152 (¶ 7); MIO 6], the fact-finder had ample evidence from which to infer
11 that Defendant, at the time he took the cell phone, had the requisite intent to
12 permanently deprive Victim of his phone. See generally State v. Roybal, 1960-
13 NMSC-012, ¶ 6, 66 N.M. 416, 349 P.2d 332 (recognizing that “[w]hile intent is
14 essential and must be established in larceny cases, it may be inferred by the jury from
15 the facts and circumstances established at the trial”); see also Sutphin, 1988-NMSC-
16 031, ¶ 21 (providing that the fact-finder is free to reject a defendant’s version of
17 events).
18 {6} Based on the foregoing discussion and for the reasons detailed in our notice, we
19 hold that sufficient evidence supports Defendant’s convictions. See State v. Sparks,
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1 1985-NMCA-004, ¶¶ 6-7, 102 N.M. 317, 694 P.2d 1382 (defining “substantial
2 evidence” as that evidence that a reasonable person would consider adequate to
3 support a defendant’s conviction).
4 {7} In Issue (2), Defendant continues to assert that he received ineffective
5 assistance of counsel. [DS 4; MIO 7] Defendant concedes, however, that the
6 necessary facts to support this issue were not developed in the record and on this basis
7 withdraws this issue. [MIO 7] See State v. Herrera, 2001-NMCA-073, ¶ 37, 131
8 N.M. 22, 33 P.3d 22 (expressing a preference for habeas corpus proceedings over
9 remand when the record on appeal does not support the factual basis for an issues on
10 appeal).
11 {8} To conclude, we affirm Defendant’s convictions.
12 {9} IT IS SO ORDERED.
13 __________________________________
14 JONATHAN B. SUTIN, Judge
15 WE CONCUR:
16 ___________________________________
17 MICHAEL D. BUSTAMANTE, Judge
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1 ___________________________________
2 CYNTHIA A. FRY, Judge
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