J. A20002/14
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
NICOLE MASTER, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellant :
:
v. : No. 3585 EDA 2013
:
JEFFREY MASTER :
Appeal from the Order Entered November 15, 2013,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Northhampton County
Domestic Relations Division at No. DR-0052413
BEFORE: FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., MUNDY AND MUSMANNO, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.: FILED NOVEMBER 17, 2014
Nicole Master (“Mother”) appeals from the child support order entered
on November 15, 2013, in the Court of Common Pleas of Northampton
County following a de novo hearing in this matter. Upon review, we affirm
in part, reverse in part, and remand.
The facts and procedural history of this appeal may be summarized as
follows. Mother and Jeffrey Master (“Father”) were married on October 16,
1999. Two children were born of the marriage. At the time of this appeal,
the children were 10 and 5 years old. The parties separated on January 19,
2013. Mother is a college graduate with a bachelor’s degree in elementary
education. Mother is employed as a manager at a daycare center. Father is
a heavy equipment construction operator and is a union member.
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Mother filed a complaint in support on April 26, 2013. At a conference
on June 18, 2013, it was determined that Mother had an annual income of
$17,472 which was based on her semi-monthly salary of $728. Father’s
annual income was based on an average monthly gross of $4,530 taken
from his W2s and unemployment compensation on his 2012 federal income
tax return. At the conclusion of the hearing on June 18th, an order was
entered awarding Mother support payments in the amount of $1,754 per
month. The monthly support was allocated $1,120 for two children, $342
for spousal support, and $292 for arrears. Mother filed objections to the
June 18th order, and a de novo hearing was held on October 30, 2013. On
November 15, 2013, an order was entered directing Father to pay support in
the amount of $1,072 per month, allocated as $975 for the support of the
two children and $97 per month in arrears, effective April 26, 2013.
The November 15, 2013 order assessed Father, as an experienced
construction equipment operator, an annual income of $51,950. The trial
court used the Pennsylvania Occupational Wage Survey to arrive at this
figure. Mother was assessed an income of $43,500 based upon an earning
capacity as an entry level elementary school teacher. The order also took
into account Mother’s child care expenses and included a ten percent upward
deviation from the guideline award of $336 per month as Father was unable
to document his purported living expenses.
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Mother filed a timely notice of appeal on December 13, 2013, and
complied with the trial court’s order to file a statement of errors complained
of on appeal. Mother raises two issues:
A. DID THE TRIAL COURT COMMIT AN ABUSE OF
DISCRETION I[N] ASSESSING THE APPELLANT,
THE SUPPORT OBLIGEE, WITH AN EARNING
CAPACITY EQUIVALENT TO AN ENTRY LEVEL
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHER?
B. DID THE TRIAL COURT COMMIT AN ABUSE OF
DISCRETION IN ASSESSING THE APPELLEE,
THE SUPPORT OBLIGOR, WITH AN EARNING
CAPACITY FROM THE OCCUPATIONAL WAGE
SURVEY AS OPPOSED TO USING THE
APPELLEE’S ACTUAL WAGES?
Mother’s brief at 5.
Our standard and scope of review for an order of child support is well
established:
When evaluating a support order, this Court may
only reverse the trial court’s determination where the
order cannot be sustained on any valid ground. We
will not interfere with the broad discretion afforded
the trial court absent an abuse of the discretion or
insufficient evidence to sustain the support order.
An abuse of discretion is not merely an error of
judgment; if, in reaching a conclusion, the court
overrides or misapplies the law, or the judgment
exercised is shown by the record to be either
manifestly unreasonable or the product of partiality,
prejudice, bias or ill will, discretion has been abused.
In addition, we note that the duty to support one’s
child is absolute, and the purpose of child support is
to promote the child’s best interests.
Kimock v. Jones, 47 A.3d 850, 854 (Pa.Super. 2012).
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Both of Mother’s issues challenge the trial court’s determination of
earning capacity for her and Father. “Child and spousal support ‘shall be
awarded pursuant to statewide guidelines.’ In determining the ability of an
obligor to provide support, the guidelines ‘place primary emphasis on the net
incomes and earning capacities of the parties[.]’” Mackay v. Mackay, 984
A.2d 529, 537 (Pa.Super. 2009), appeal denied, 995 A.2d 354 (Pa. 2010),
citing 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 4322(a).
Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 1910.16-2(d)(4) addresses
earning capacity as follows:
(4) Earning Capacity. If the trier of fact
determines that a party to a support action has
willfully failed to obtain or maintain appropriate
employment, the trier of fact may impute to
that party an income equal to the party’s
earning capacity. Age, education, training,
health, work experience, earnings history
and child care responsibilities are factors
which shall be considered in determining
earning capacity. In order for an earning
capacity to be assessed, the trier of fact must
state the reasons for the assessment in writing
or on the record. Generally, the trier of fact
should not impute an earning capacity that is
greater than the amount the party would earn
from one full-time position. Determination of
what constitutes a reasonable work regimen
depends upon all relevant circumstances
including the choice of jobs available within a
particular occupation, working hours, working
conditions and whether a party has exerted
substantial good faith efforts to find
employment.
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Pa.R.C.P. 1910.16-2(d)(4) (emphasis added). We have defined earning
capacity as “that amount which the person could realistically earn under the
circumstances, considering his or her age, health, mental and physical
condition and training.” Mackay, 984 A.2d at 537, citing Gephart v.
Gephart, 764 A.2d 613, 615 (Pa.Super. 2000). Additionally, we note that
the trial court, as the finder-of-fact, is entitled to weigh the evidence and
assess the credibility of witnesses. Krankowski v. O’Neil, 928 A.2d 284,
287 (Pa.Super. 2007)
In her first issue, Mother argues the trial court erred in assessing her
an earning capacity equivalent to an entry level elementary school teacher.
Our review of the record indicates the de novo hearing was held following
Mother’s objection to the June 18, 2013 order. After a continuance, the
hearing was held on October 30, 2013. Father was the only person to
testify. At the conclusion of Father’s testimony, the trial court asked
Father’s counsel if he had anything he wanted to present. (Notes of
testimony, 10/30/13 at 59.) He responded:
[Father’s counsel]: The only issue I would like to
present, which I believe the record has already been
made at the conference and is part of the order, and
that is that we are going to assess [Father]
something, which is what [Mother’s counsel] wants
to do, on a full-time basis, which I don’t believe is at
all realistic, given union employment.
Then, [Mother] should as well be assessed at a
much higher earning capacity, because she has a
bachelor’s degree in elementary education and she
works at a daycare. And as she told the conference
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officer she has no intention of pursuing any type of
teaching position.
Id. at 59-60. The trial court proceeded to enter its November 15, 2013
order based upon an earnings assessment of $43,500 per year1 to Mother as
an entry level elementary school teacher in Northampton County. The prior
order of June 18, 2013, was based on Mother’s salary of $17,472 per year
which she earns as daycare manager.
Based on this record, we must conclude that it does not support the
trial court’s determination. It appears the trial court’s main consideration
was “that Mother was not earning income at the peak of her capacity.”
(Trial court opinion, 2/11/14 at 7.) There was no testimony presented
regarding Mother’s age or when she completed her education. There was no
testimony regarding her work experience other than her current job as a
daycare manager. While the trial court determined Mother could be
employed as an entry level elementary school teacher, the record is bare as
to whether Mother has the required teacher’s certification for such
employment. Also, there was no evidence presented regarding employment
opportunities for elementary school teachers in the Northampton County
area. Accordingly, we are constrained to vacate this portion of the trial
court’s order and remand. See Glover v. Severino, 946 A.2d 710, 712
1
The trial court used the Pennsylvania Occupational Wage Survey to arrive
at this number.
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(Pa.Super. 2008) (“An abuse of discretion exists if . . . there is insufficient
evidence to sustain the order.”).
Next, we address Mother’s second issue in which she argues the trial
court erred when it assessed Father an earning capacity of $51,950 per
year. The June 18, 2013 order utilized a yearly income of $54,360 for
Father. This figure was reached by using Father’s 2012 income from the
parties’ 2012 federal income tax return. This income included employment
income and unemployment compensation totaling $4,530 per month.
($54,360 = $4,530 x 12). The trial court used an annual income of $51,950
in the November 15, 2013 order. This figure was based on the Northampton
County Occupational Wage Survey for an experienced construction
equipment operator. Mother asserts an annual income of $87,360 ($42 per
hour x 40 hours per week x 52 weeks per year) for Father was more
realistic. The record, however, refutes Mother’s assertion.
At the October 30, 2013 hearing, Father testified that for the past
14 years, he has been employed as a heavy equipment operator through a
union hall in New Jersey. (Notes of testimony, 10/30/13 at 5, 21.) Father is
not permitted to accept non-union employment. (Id. at 5.) As of June 18,
2013, Father testified he had only worked seven weeks for the entire year of
2013. (Id. at 10.) Father’s employment is somewhat seasonal; he works
less in the winter than he does when it is warmer. (Id. at 6.)
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Father testified that he is able to operate excavators, bulldozers,
backhoes, and front loaders. (Id. at 22.) There is a difference in pay rate
depending on the type of equipment he operates. (Id. at 22-23.) The rate
for operating an excavator is $42 per hour while the rate to run a bulldozer
is $38. (Id. at 23.) Father testified he was exploring the possibility of
transferring his union book from New Jersey to the Lehigh Valley in order to
obtain a job with a local company, but he would be paid $10 less per hour.
(Id. at 24.) However, Father indicated this local company could provide him
with steady work through the winter. (Id. at 26.)
Clearly, the trial court found Father’s testimony credible concerning his
ability to find work. Father’s employment depends on the construction
industry and the need for equipment operators.2 We find no error or abuse
of discretion with the trial court’s assessment of an earning capacity of
$51,950 to Father. If Father obtains a new steady job in the Lehigh Valley
in the future, Mother has the ability to file a petition for modification.
However, at this time, there is nothing to indicate there is employment for
Father for 52 weeks per year at $42 per hour.
Accordingly, that part of the trial court’s order regarding Mother’s
earning capacity is reversed. The trial court should proceed to hear
evidence regarding Mother’s age, employment history, whether she has a
2
To call Father’s work “seasonal” is most likely incorrect. As Father
testified, he is able to work in the winter.
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teaching certification, and the availability of teaching jobs in Northampton
County and decide whether an earning capacity should be assigned to
Mother or whether her annual salary is the correct income for support
purposes. That part of the trial court’s order concerning Father’s earning
capacity is affirmed.
Order reversed in part, affirmed in part, and remanded for the taking
of additional evidence. Jurisdiction relinquished.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 11/17/2014
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