State of Washington v. Gilberto Macias

FILED

NOV. 18,2014

I n the Office of the Clerk of Cou rt

W A State Court of Appeals, Division III

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

DIVISION THREE

STATE OF WASHINGTON, ) No. 31720-0-111
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Respondent, )
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v. )
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GILBERTO MACIAS, ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION
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Appellant. )

BROWN, J. - Gilberto Macias appeals his first degree burglary, attempting to

elude a pursuing police vehicle, possession of a stolen firearm, and second degree

unlawful possession of a firearm convictions. He contends the trial court erred by

admitting hearsay, and insufficient evidence supports his convictions. We affirm.

FACTS

Francisca VanderMeulen returned home from work to find a sports utility vehicle

(SUV) backed in her driveway with all the doors open. She saw five men run out of her

house carrying items from her home, get into the SUV, and take off. She followed the

SUV while calling 911 on her cellular phone. She reported the vehicle's license plate

number. She chased after the vehicle until police arrived and took over the pursuit.
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State v. Macias

Officer Kris Johnson was involved in the vehicle pursuit. She tried to block the

SUV by stopping her patrol car in front of the vehicle but the driver drove around her.

As the SUV approached, the officer made direct eye contact with the driver. She

identified Mr. Macias as the driver. When asked about her certainty that it was Mr.

Macias, Officer Johnson responded, "100% sure." Report of Proceedings (RP) at 292.

Officers set up spike strips causing a tire blowout that forced the SUV to stop in a field.

Officers observed significant movement in the vehicle as they approached. The officers

found five men, including Mr. Macias and Christopher Alires, crammed into the back

seat. Ms. VanderMeulen's items were located inside the vehicle.

Mr. Alires told officers Mr. Macias was the driver and had a firearm that had been

thrown out the window. Officers searched the vehicle after obtaining a search warrant

and found a brown holster in the front center console. A few feet away from the SUV,

officers found a black .40 caliber Glock handgun model 22 on the street. The gun was

identified as the same black .40 caliber Glock handgun model 22 with a brown holster

stolen from John Verbrugge's home the night before.

The State charged Mr. Macias with first degree burglary with a firearm

enhancement, attempting to elude with an endangerment enhancement, possession of

a stolen firearm, and second degree unlawful possession of a firearm (because Mr.

Macias was under 18 years old).

During trial, Mr. Alires became a hostile witness for the State. He begrudgingly

testified he identified Mr. Macias as the driver when officers arrived, however, he denied I

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State v. Macias

telling officers about a firearm being thrown from the window. Instead, Mr. Alires

testified he did not remember what he said to officers. Later, Mr. Alires testified he

remembered a firearm but could not remember what it looked like.

Deputy Ron Shepard and Sergeant Mike Russell both testified over defense

objection; they related Mr. Alires had identified Mr. Macias as the driver and had

reported a firearm had been thrown out the window at the location where the gun was

discovered. The court allowed the testimony under ER 801 (d)(1 )(iii) "as an identification

as involved in the robbery, driving and with the gun." RP at 227.

At trial, evidence showed Mr. Macias' shoe smelled like cat urine at the time of

his arrest. Mr. Verbrugge testified his basement had a strong odor of cat urine because

his cat often missed the litter box.

The jury found Mr. Macias guilty as charged. He appealed.

ANALYSIS

A. Hearsay Statements

The issue is whether the trial court erred by allowing two officers to testify as to

Mr. Alires' statements after they stopped the SUV. Mr. Macias argues the officers'

testimony regarding Mr. Alires reporting that Mr. Macias was the driver and had a gun

was inadmissible hearsay because Mr. Alires refused to testify to the same during trial.

We review a trial court's hearsay ruling for an abuse of discretion. State v.

Strauss, 119 Wn.2d 401,417,832 P.2d 78 (1992). Discretion is abused if it is

exercised without tenable grounds or reasons. State ex reI. Carroll v. Junker, 79 Wn.2d

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No. 31720-0-111
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I. State v. Macias
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12,26,482 P.2d 775 (1971). "Hearsay" is "a statement, other than one made by the
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~ declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence to prove the truth of
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a the matter asserted." ER 801 (c). Unless an exception or exclusion applies, hearsay is

inadmissible. ER 802. Under ER 801 (d)(1 )(iii), a statement is not hearsay if, "[t]he

declarant testifies at the trial or hearing and is subject to cross examination concerning

the statement and the statement is ... (iii) one of identification of a person made after

perceiving the person."

In State v. Grover, 55 Wn. App. 252, 259, 777 P.2d 22 (1989), Division One of

this court held under ER 801 (d)(1 )(iii) an officer was permitted to testify that a witness

had identified the defendant by name after witnessing a robbery. The court reasoned

no violation of either ER 801 (d)(1 )(iii) or the confrontation clause existed so long as the

defendant is provided the opportunity to cross-examine the declarant. Grover, 55 Wn.

App. at 258. Memory loss or denial does not render the statement inadmissible. See

Grover, 55 Wn. App. at 255 (holding admission of statement was proper even when the

declarant testified she had no memory of the crime or of identifying the defendant).

Our case is analogous to Grover. Here, Mr. Alires made identification statements

relating to who was driving after perceiving Mr. Macias on the night of the arrests. Mr.

Alires testified for the State at Mr. Macias' trial, but was considered a hostile witness.

He admitted identifying Mr. Macias as the driver. Because Mr. Macias had the

"opportunity" to cross-examine the witness, the officers' testimony regarding the

witness' prior statement was not hearsay. Grover, 55 Wn. App. at 258.

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State v. Macias

But, Mr. Alires' statement about Mr. Macias having a firearm and it being thrown

from the window is not an "identification" statement as contemplated by ER

801 (d)(1)(iii). This statement, therefore, does not qualify under the hearsay exception

and it was error for the court to allow Deputy Shepard and Sergeant Russell to testify at

trial about Mr. Alires' statement. Nevertheless, we see no respect in which any error by

the trial court in considering inadmissible evidence could have changed the result. See

Brundridge v. FluorFed. Servs., Inc., 164 Wn.2d 432, 452,191 P.3d 879 (2008) ("The

error [of admitting improper hearsay] is harmless unless it was reasonably probable that

it changed the outcome of the triaL").

B. Evidence Sufficiency

The issue is whether sufficient evidence exists to support Mr. Macias'

convictions. He argues insufficient evidence shows he (1) was driving the SUV to

support the attempting to elude conviction, (2) possessed a firearm to support the

possession convictions, or (3) partiCipated in the burglary of Ms. VanderMeulen's home.

The review question presented for evidentiary sufficiency is whether there was

evidence from which the trier of fact could find each element of the offense was proven

beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 61

L. Ed. 2d 560 (1979); State v. Green, 94 Wn.2d 216, 221-22,616 P.2d 628 (1980). We

must consider the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution. Green, 94

Wn.2d at 221-22. "Deference must be given to the trier offact who resolves conflicting

No. 31720-0-111
State v. Macias

testimony and evaluates the credibility of witnesses and persuasiveness of material

evidence." State v. Carver, 113 Wn.2d 591,604,781 P.2d 1308,789 P.2d 306 (1989).

Attempting to Elude. In order for an individual to be found guilty of attempting to

elude a pursuing police vehicle, the State must prove that he or she "willfully fail[ed] or

refuse[d] to immediately bring his or her vehicle to a stop and [drove] his or her vehicle

in a reckless manner while attempting to elude a pursuing police vehicle, after being

given a visual or audible signal to bring the vehicle to a stop." RCW 46.61.024. Mr.

Macias argues no evidence shows he was the driver of the vehicle. However, Mr. Alires

testified he was the driver and Officer Johnson testified she was "100% sure" Mr.

Macias was the driver. RP at 292. The testimony of two eye witnesses is more than

sufficient for a rational trier of fact to find Mr. Macias was the driver. Sufficient evidence

exists to support this conviction.

Possession. To support a charge of second degree unlawful possession of a
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firearm, the State must prove beyond a reasonable doubt the defendant was under 18
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years of age and owns, has in his or her possession, or has in his or her control any

firearm. RCW 9.41.040(2)(a)(iv). Similarly, a person commits possession of a stolen

firearm when "he or she possesses, carries, delivers, sells, or is in control of a stolen

firearm." RCW 9A.56.310(1). Here, a stolen gun was located near where Mr. Macias

was stopped, there was testimony that the stolen gun came from a home with a strong

cat urine smell, and Mr. Macias' shoes smelled like cat urine. Because "[c]ircumstantial

evidence and direct evidence are equally reliable," a rational trier of fact could find Mr.

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Macias possessed a firearm. State v. Fiser, 99 Wn. App. 714, 718, 995 P.2d 107

(2000). Sufficient evidence exists to support these convictions.

First Degree Burglary. A person is guilty of first degree burglary "if, with intent to
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commit a crime against a person or property therein, he or she enters or remains

unlawfully in a building and if, in entering or while in the building or in immediate flight

therefrom. the actor or another participant in the crime ... is armed with a deadly

weapon." RCW 9A.52.020(1). Here, Ms. VanderMeulen identified five men leaving her

home with her personal items. They got into an SUV which she followed until police

took over the pursuit. Five men were located inside the SUV with her items still inside.

And, as discussed above, a gun was involved in the crime. This evidence is sufficient to

persuade a rational trier of fact that beyond a reasonable doubt Mr. Macias committed

first degree burglary.

Affirmed.

A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the

Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to RCW

2.06.040.

Brown, J.

WE CONCUR:

Fearing, J.