J-S52036-14
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
JAMES CROAK
Appellant No. 804 EDA 2014
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence January 16, 2014
In the Court of Common Pleas of Bucks County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-09-CR-0003924-2013
BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., ALLEN, J., and FITZGERALD, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY GANTMAN, P.J.: FILED NOVEMBER 18, 2014
Appellant, James Croak, appeals from the judgment of sentence
entered in the Bucks County Court of Common Pleas, following his jury trial
convictions for persons not to possess a firearm and possession of a small
amount of marijuana.1 We affirm.
The relevant facts and procedural history of this case are as follows.
On April 7, 2013, Jared Miller was on the front lawn of his residence when he
observed Appellant walking in the area of Erie Avenue and Penrose Street in
Quakertown. Appellant was stumbling and appeared to be intoxicated.
When Appellant bent over, Mr. Miller observed a revolver holstered on his
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1
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6105(a)(1), 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(31), respectively.
_____________________________
*Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S52036-14
right hip and another firearm tucked in the back of his pants. Mr. Miller
called 911 and reported what he saw.
Approximately three to four minutes later, Quakertown Borough Police
Officers Mario Cabrera and Bryan Lockwood arrived. After speaking with a
neighbor, the officers proceeded to Appellant’s residence. Officer Cabrera
approached the residence and rang the doorbell three times. On the third
attempt, Officer Cabrera looked through the door window and observed
Appellant holding a firearm. When Officer Cabrera identified himself, he
observed Appellant toss the firearm behind the door as Appellant
simultaneously opened the door. Officer Cabrera asked Appellant to step
outside. Officer Cabrera then recovered a loaded black revolver lying next
to a holster in the area where Officer Cabrera saw Appellant toss the
firearm. Thereafter, Appellant was arrested. During a search incident to
arrest, the officers found a smoking pipe on Appellant’s person. The pipe
contained marijuana residue.
The Commonwealth charged Appellant with persons not to possess a
firearm and possession of a small amount of marijuana. Following a one-day
trial on October 22, 2013, a jury convicted Appellant of all charges. On
January 16, 2014, the court sentenced Appellant to an aggregate term of
five (5) to ten (10) years’ imprisonment.
On January 27, 2014, Appellant filed a post-sentence motion, which
the court denied on February 10, 2014. Appellant timely filed a notice of
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appeal on February 19, 2014. The court ordered Appellant to file a concise
statement of errors complained of on appeal, pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b);
Appellant timely complied.
Appellant raises a single issue for our review:
DID THE [TRIAL] COURT ERR IN FINDING THAT THE
EVIDENCE WAS SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE
CONVICTION FOR PERSONS NOT TO POSSESS FIREARMS?
(Appellant’s Brief at 4).2
After a thorough review of the record, the briefs of the parties, the
applicable law, and the well-reasoned opinion of the Honorable Diane E.
Gibbons, we conclude Appellant’s issue merits no relief. The trial court
opinion comprehensively discusses and properly disposes of the issue
presented. See Trial Court Opinion, filed April 14, 2014, at 2-4 (finding:
eyewitness observed Appellant in physical possession of revolver; within
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2
Additionally, we note Appellant’s assertions that Mr. Miller did not identify
the firearm, and that Mr. Miller’s observations were from a distance and very
brief, go to the weight of the evidence, not its sufficiency. Likewise,
Appellant’s challenge to Officer Cabrera’s credibility implicates the weight of
the evidence. See Commonwealth v. Price, 616 A.2d 681, 683 (Pa.Super.
1992) (explaining sufficiency challenge asks whether evidence exists on
record to support conviction, whereas argument that witness’s account is not
credible goes to weight). Appellant did not raise a weight of the evidence
claim in a post-sentence motion or at sentencing. Therefore, to the extent
Appellant argues on appeal that the verdict was against the weight of the
evidence, this claim is waived. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 607(A)(1)-(3) (stating
challenge to weight of evidence must be raised with trial court in oral or
written motion before sentencing or in post-sentence motion). See also
Commonwealth v. Jones, 874 A.2d 108, 121 (Pa.Super. 2005) (stating
“finder of fact, while passing upon credibility of witnesses and weight of
evidence produced, is free to believe all, part or none of the evidence”).
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J-S52036-14
minutes of that observation, Officer Cabrera also observed Appellant in
physical possession of revolver; when Mr. Miller observed Appellant, firearm
was holstered; Officer Cabrera recovered holster at Appellant’s residence;
evidence was sufficient to support jury’s finding that Appellant was in
possession of firearm). Accordingly, we affirm on the basis of the trial court
opinion.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 11/18/2014
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IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF I3UCKS COUNTY,PENNSYLVANIA
CRIMINAL DIVISION
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : No. CP-09-CR-0003924-2013
v .
JAMES CROAK •
OPINION
On October 22,2013,following a jury trial, the Defendant, James Croak, was found
guilty ofPersons not to possess, use, manufacture, control, sell or transfer firearms — convicted
of enumerated offensel — i.e. Burglary2 and Possession ofa small amount of marijuana for
personal use.3 The Defendant appeals from the judgment of sentence challenging the sufficiency
ofthe evidence to support his conviction ofthe firearms offense.
The standard for reviewing a sufficiency claim is whether, viewing all the evidence and
any reasonable inferences from such evidence, in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth,
the finder offact reasonably could have determined all the elements ofthe crime were
established beyond a reasonable doubt. Commonwealth v. Hardy,918 A.2d 766, 774
(Pa.Super.2007). The Commonwealth may sustain its burden of proving every element ofthe
crime by means of wholly circumstantial evidence. Commonwealth v. Montalvo, 598 Pa. 263,
956 A.2d 926,932(2008). It is sufficient ifthe circumstances are consistent with criminal
activity even though they might likewise be consistent with innocent behavior. Commonwealth
v. Herman, 323•A,2d 228,230(Pa.Super.1974). Furthermore, it is not for the court to weigh the
evidence on review. Hardy, 918 A.2d at 774. Any question of doubt is for the finder offact to
LiI :L:L"' i /
1 18 Pa.C.S. § 6105(a)(1).
2 18 Pa.C.S. § 3502.
3 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(31)(1).
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resolve unless the evidence is so weak and inconclusive that no probability offact could be
drawn from that evidence. Id.
The evidence viewed in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth established that
on April 7, 2013, Jared Miller was on the front lawn of his residence when he observed a white
male, approximately six feet, two inches, with long brown hair and a beard, wearing a black t-
shirt,jeans, and a long-sleeved denim shirt walking in the area of Erie Avenue and Penrose
Street in Quakertown Borough, Bucks County. Mr. Miller observed that the individual was
stumbling and appeared to be intoxicated. Mr. Miller next observed the Defendant bend over.
When he did so, Mr. Miller saw two handguns. One handgun was in a holster on his right hip.
The Defendant tucked another handgun in the back of his pants.4 Mr. Miller testified that he is
familiar with firearms as a result of his service in the Army National Guard for eight years. He
testified that the holstered gun appeared to be a revolver.5 Mr. Miller immediately called 911
and reported the above information.6 Mr. Miller identified the Defendant as the individual he
observed on that occasion.7 When Mr. Miller last observed the Defendant, he was walking on
Penrose Street.8
Police arrive on scene with three or four minutes of the 911 call.9 After speaking with
Mr. Miller and another neighbor, police responded to the Defendant's residence located at 41
North Penrose Street.10 Officer Mario Cabrera approached the residence and rang the doorbell
three times. On the third attempt, Officer Mario Cabrera looked through the window in the door
4 N.T. 10/22/2013 pp. 47-53.
5 Id. at p. 68.
6 Id. at pp. 50-52, Commonwealth Exhibit C-2.
7 N.T. 10/22/13 pp. 48-49.
8 Id. at p. 53.
9 Id. at p. 54.
10 Id. at pp. 74-77.
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and observed the Defendant holding a handgun.11 The Defendant matched the description ofthe
individual given by Mr. Miller.12 When Officer Cabrera identified himself, the Defendant
simultaneously opened the door and tossed the gun behind the door. Officer Cabrera asked the
Defendant to step outside. Officer Cabrera then entered the residence and observed a black
Smith and Wesson .22 caliber revolver lying next to a holster in the area where Officer Cabrera
had seen the Defendant toss the gun. The revolver was loaded with six rounds.13 The Defendant
was thereafter placed under arrest. During a search incident to that arrest, officers discovered a 7
millimeter round of ammunition and a .38 caliber round ofammunition in the Defendant's
pocket. Police also found a small smoking pipe on the Defendant's person.14 The parties
stipulated that the Defendant was prohibited from possessing a firearm as of February 9, 1993.15
The parties also stipulated that the pipe seized from the Defendant's person was submitted to the
Bucks County Crime Laboratory for analysis and was determined to contain marijuana residue.16
The Defendant's claim that the evidence was insufficient to establish that he was in
possession of a firearm is without merit. He was observed to be in physical possession ofa
revolver by eyewitness Jared Miller. Within minutes ofthat observation, Officer Cabrera also
observed the Defendant to be in physical possession of a revolver. When Mr. Miller observed
the Defendant, the Defendant's handgun was holstered. Officer Cabrera found a holster at the
Defendant's residence. The evidence was clearly sufficient to support the jury's finding that the
Defendant was in possession of a firearm.
11 Id. at pp. 79-80.
13 Id. at pp. 78-79.
13 Id. at pp. 81-85, Commonwealth Exhibit C-3.
14 N.T. 10/22/13 pp. 85-87.
15 Id, at pp. 115-116, Commonwealth Exhibit C-7(written stipulation). The Defendant was convicted of Burglary in
1993, an enumerated offense under 18 Pa.C.S. § 6105(b).
16
N.T. 10/22/13 pp. 114-115, Commonwealth Exhibits C-5 (lab report) and C-6 (written stipulation).
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For the reasons set forth above,the claim which the Defendant has raised on appeal is
without merit.
BY THE COURT:
1-1-h--144
Date UNE E. GIBBONS,J.
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