COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Petty, Huff and Senior Judge Annunziata
UNPUBLISHED
Argued at Lexington, Virginia
JOHN VICTOR DRITSELIS
MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY
v. Record No. 0530-14-3 JUDGE ROSEMARIE ANNUNZIATA
DECEMBER 2, 2014
MARY TSAKIRES DRITSELIS
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY
Colin R. Gibb, Judge
Terry N. Grimes (Terry N. Grimes, P.C., on brief), for appellant.
No brief or argument for appellee.
John Victor Dritselis appeals from an order reducing his spousal support. Appellant argues
that the trial court erred by (1) failing to compel Mary Tsakires Dritselis to produce discovery,
proceeding with the hearing on February 7, 2014, and granting her motion to reduce spousal
support; (2) “relying over objection on hearsay grounds and improper opinion evidence a document
from an accountant who was not present at the hearing on February 7, 2014, which was never
produced in discovery, and which was neither moved nor admitted into evidence;” and (3) finding a
change in circumstances, reducing the spousal support from $1,200 per month to $900 per month
and “relying on hearsay in doing so.” We find no error and affirm the decision of the trial court.
BACKGROUND
“When reviewing a trial court’s decision on appeal, we view the evidence in the light
most favorable to the prevailing party, granting it the benefit of any reasonable inferences.”
Congdon v. Congdon, 40 Va. App. 255, 258, 578 S.E.2d 833, 834 (2003) (citations omitted).
*
Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
The parties married on August 19, 1962 and divorced on October 22, 2003. On May 23,
2007, the trial court ordered appellee to pay $1,200 per month in spousal support to appellant. In
March 2013, appellant requested a show cause against appellee for failure to pay spousal
support. While the case was pending, appellant filed a motion to compel discovery, and the trial
court entered an order on December 2, 2013 directing appellee to comply with the discovery
requests.
Appellee subsequently filed motions to reduce or terminate spousal support and requested
a continuance of the February 7, 2014 hearing in order to have her motions heard at the same
time as the show cause matter and to provide her additional time to retain a lawyer. She also
filed discovery requests against appellant. In response, appellant filed a motion to impose
sanctions and entry of a protective order. Appellant stated that appellee last paid him spousal
support on February 8, 2012 and, as of January 2014, owed $31,000. He asked the trial court to
enter a judgment against appellee for the amount of arrears and to impose sanctions against her.
He averred that the documents appellee provided were only partially responsive, “woefully
inadequate,” and not under oath. He asked the trial court to deny appellee’s continuance request
that she filed with her motions to modify support and to enter a protective order relieving him of
his responsibility to answer her discovery requests until she was current with her spousal support
obligation and responded “properly” to his discovery requests.
On February 7, 2014, the parties appeared before the trial court for argument on their
respective motions. Appellee apprised the trial court that she had brought her discovery
responses to court to give to appellant. The trial court gave appellant a thirty-minute break to
review the documents, stating its intention to proceed with appellee’s motion to modify spousal
support.1 Appellant did not object or request a continuance. Upon resumption of the
1
Prior to the break, the trial court held that appellee owed $30,000 in arrears.
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proceedings and the presentation of evidence, appellant made a motion to strike appellee’s case,
which the trial court denied. The trial court held a change in circumstances had occurred since
the last support order and reduced appellee’s spousal support obligation to $900 per month. This
appeal followed.
ANALYSIS
Assignment of error #1
Appellant argues that the trial court erred by failing to compel appellee to produce
discovery, proceeding with the hearing on February 7, 2014, and granting her motion to reduce
spousal support. At trial, appellant asked the trial court to rule on the arrearage issue only. He
argued that appellee should not be allowed to present evidence regarding her motion to modify
spousal support until she paid the arrears and responded fully to discovery.
Appellee responded that she brought her discovery to court and that she had tried to
produce them to counsel earlier. The trial court decided to proceed with appellee’s motion to
modify after calling a brief recess to permit appellant an opportunity to review the documents
appellee had brought with her to court in response to appellant’s discovery requests. The court
informed the parties,
I will give you [appellant] a break, give you half an hour to look
through this stuff. We will do that, we will proceed on that, so you
disclose whatever, exchange whatever materials you want to here,
and I think that, you know, she is pro se, I think that her
circumstances have changed. I know that there may be some
notice issues about that, but the equity of the thing is that I will go
ahead and hear her petition for reduction now. I will give you half
an hour to kind of get ready for it.
Appellant’s counsel responded, “Yes, sir,” and lodged no objection to the court’s ruling. After
the recess, the trial court stated that appellee could proceed with her motion. Appellant did not
object or ask for a continuance.
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During the hearing, appellee testified about her income and expenses. After appellee
presented her evidence, appellant made a motion to strike, but did not object to the trial court’s
decision to proceed with appellee’s motion, despite what appellant described as a “woefully
inadequate” response to his discovery requests. In closing argument addressing the motion to
strike, appellant noted, “Your Honor, of course we object to any reduction for the reasons
previously stated, feeling that she’s not proved changed economic circumstances.” It was not
until the final order where appellant noted his objection to the court’s decision to proceed with
appellee’s motion to modify, notwithstanding appellant’s challenge to the adequacy of her
response to discovery. He objected
to the Court’s failure to address plaintiff’s motion to impose
sanctions and entry of a protective order as a result of defendant’s
failure to produce the requested discovery on the grounds that
without the discovery, plaintiff was unable to prepare the hearing
on defendant’s motion for modification. I object further to the
Court’s decision to proceed with the hearing on defendant’s
motion for modification on February 7, 2014.
Appellant did not note his objection to the trial court’s offer to give him thirty minutes to
review appellee’s discovery requests. He did not object to appellee proceeding with her case
after the recess. He did not move for a continuance. He did not indicate that he needed
additional time to prepare. Instead, appellant noted his objections on the final order reducing
appellee’s support obligation. The objections were not timely.
“No ruling of the trial court . . . will be considered as a basis for reversal unless an
objection was stated with reasonable certainty at the time of the ruling, except for good cause
shown or to enable the Court of Appeals to attain the ends of justice.” Rule 5A:18. “If a party
fails to timely and specifically object, [he] waives [his] argument on appeal.” Andrews v.
Creacey, 56 Va. App. 606, 635, 696 S.E.2d 218, 232 (2010) (citing Arrington v. Commonwealth,
53 Va. App. 635, 674 S.E.2d 554 (2009)).
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Since appellant did not note a timely objection, we will not consider the first assignment
of error.2
Assignment of error #2
During the trial, appellee referred to a document prepared by her accountant and provided
a copy to the court.3 Appellant objected to the accountant’s document on various grounds. Prior
to the thirty-minute recess, appellant’s objection was based on the discovery dispute referenced
and disposed of earlier.4 Counsel objected to the document again after the recess, and said,
“Your Honor, if this is evidence, we object on the grounds that it is hearsay. If it’s opening
statement, maybe not.” When the trial court subsequently referred to the document, appellant’s
counsel restated the objection and said, “Your Honor, for the Record, let me interpose an
objection to the document that it is hearsay and opinion testimony from an accountant who is, of
course, not here to testify.” Appellant asserts on appeal that the trial court’s reliance on this
document to determine whether to reduce appellee’s spousal support obligation was error. We
find appellant’s argument to be misplaced.
The trial court did not rely on the accountant’s report in finding that appellee’s
circumstances had changed. The decision on this issue was reached prior to taking the
thirty-minute recess, after which the trial court used the accountant’s report to question appellee.
In denying appellant’s motion to strike the evidence appellee presented in her motion to modify
2
Appellant does not ask this Court to invoke the ends of justice exception to Rule 5A:18.
“We will not consider such an argument sua sponte.” Andrews, 56 Va. App. at 636 n.15, 696
S.E.2d at 232 n.15 (citing Edwards v. Commonwealth, 41 Va. App. 752, 761, 589 S.E.2d 444,
448 (2003) (en banc)).
3
Although there is a copy of the document in the record marked “filed 2/7/14” with the
judge’s initials, it was never submitted as an exhibit to be admitted into evidence.
4
Counsel for appellant stated, “Of course, we object to that, Your Honor, because of
course that is what she’s not provided yet.”
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her support obligation, the trial court noted appellee’s age, her health, and the fact that she was
“property poor.” The trial court further found that appellee was “still obligated to pay [appellant]
support,” and noted that, although appellee’s “circumstances have changed somewhat,” she was
“sitting on a bunch of valuable property that [she] was not fully utilizing.”5 The record shows
that the facts underlying the court’s finding that a change in appellee’s circumstances has
occurred were established by evidence other than the accountant’s report.
To be sure, the trial court used the accountant’s report when it questioned appellee after
the recess.6 We assume without deciding that the trial court erred in relying on the document,
but the error was harmless. The standard for non-constitutional harmless error is established in
Code § 8.01-678, which provides, in pertinent part:
When it plainly appears from the record and the evidence
given at the trial that the parties have had a fair trial on the merits
and substantial justice has been reached, no judgment shall be
arrested or reversed . . . [f]or any . . . defect, imperfection, or
omission in the record, or for any error committed on the trial.
In Clay v. Commonwealth, 262 Va. 253, 260, 546 S.E.2d 728, 731-32 (2001) (quoting
Kotteakos v. United States, 328 U.S. 750, 764-65 (1946)), the Supreme Court of Virginia
explained:
“If, when all is said and done, . . . [it is clear] that the error did not
influence the [fact finder], or had but slight effect, . . . the
judgment should stand . . . . But if one cannot say, with fair
5
During appellant’s cross-examination of wife, he asked her about her property, whether
she was renting the buildings, and whether she signed a listing agreement to sell any of the
properties.
6
The trial court stated, “So run me through these numbers. I’ve got the – starting with
the – starting with 2012.” Then, it said, “I guess she can look at this and tell me what it is. What
is your income for 2012?” The court then said, “It says that you receive $151,000 in rent, if I’m
reading this right.” It also asked her about the expenses reflected on the chart. When asked what
“other expenses” encompassed, she said, “For expenses,” noting that she had provided her tax
returns. Finally, she explained that “other expenses” were “probably things like maintenance,
roof repair, lots of things that we do there at that old building to maintain it.” She also testified
about her other income (social security), her health, her expenses, and the buildings.
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assurance, after pondering all that happened without stripping the
erroneous action from the whole, that the judgment was not
substantially swayed by the error, it is impossible to conclude that
substantial rights were not affected . . . . If so, or if one is left in
grave doubt, the [judgment] cannot stand.”
“Also relevant to the harmless error analysis is whether the evidence admitted in error is
merely ‘cumulative’ of other, undisputed evidence.” Andrews, 56 Va. App. at 625, 696 S.E.2d
at 227 (citing Brecht v. Abrahamson, 507 U.S. 619, 639 (1993)). ‘“Cumulative testimony is
repetitive testimony that restates what has been said already and adds nothing to it. It is
testimony of the same kind and character as that already given.”’ Id. (quoting Massey v.
Commonwealth, 230 Va. 436, 442, 337 S.E.2d 754, 758 (1985)).
In this case, evidence of “the same kind and character as that already given” was
submitted by appellant. Id. As part of his case-in-chief, he had appellee’s tax returns, including
Schedule E, from 2005 through 2012, admitted into evidence. The accountant’s document,
presented by appellee, is a summary of each Schedule E from appellee’s tax returns for 2005
through 2012. It is, thus, “cumulative” evidence. Id. Considering that appellant introduced the
same information contained in the accountant’s report when he submitted appellee’s tax returns,
the court’s referral to the accountant’s report in the course of questioning appellee was
harmless.7
Assignment of error #3
Appellant argues that the trial court erred in finding that there was a change in
circumstances and in reducing appellee’s spousal support obligation.
7
Husband also objected to the trial court relying on the document since it was not
admitted into evidence. Husband raises this argument for the first time on appeal, so we will not
consider it. See Rule 5A:18; Ohree v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 299, 308, 494 S.E.2d 484,
488 (1998) (We “will not consider an argument on appeal which was not presented to the trial
court.”).
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Decisions concerning spousal support “rest within the sound discretion of the trial court
and will not be reversed on appeal unless plainly wrong or unsupported by the evidence.”
Calvert v. Calvert, 18 Va. App. 781, 784, 447 S.E.2d 875, 876 (1994) (citation omitted); see also
Brooks v. Brooks, 27 Va. App. 314, 317, 498 S.E.2d 461, 463 (1998) (citations omitted).
“Upon [the] petition of either party the court may increase, decrease, or terminate the
amount or duration of any spousal support and maintenance . . . as the circumstances may make
proper.” Code § 20-109. “The moving party in a petition for modification of support is required
to prove both a material change in circumstances and that this change warrants a modification of
support.” Schoenwetter v. Schoenwetter, 8 Va. App. 601, 605, 383 S.E.2d 28, 30 (1989)
(citation omitted). The material change in circumstances “must bear upon the financial needs of
the dependent spouse or the ability of the supporting spouse to pay.” Hollowell v. Hollowell, 6
Va. App. 417, 419, 369 S.E.2d 451, 452 (1988) (citation omitted).
Appellant contends the trial court erred in reducing spousal support from $1,200 per
month to $900 per month. Appellant contends his situation has not changed, except that he is
now eighty years old and in poor health. He points out that he has the same social security
income and continues to rely on his cousin for financial assistance. By contrast, appellant argues
that appellee has six “valuable” properties she owned in 2007 and which she has failed to rent or
sell. He asserts that one “prime location” property has not been rented for a number of years and
has not been listed with a realtor for sale, despite evidence it has a sale value of approximately
$900,000. Appellant concludes that “[t]his lack of income should have been charged against
[appellee].”
After hearing all of the evidence and argument, the trial court found that a material
change in circumstances was established. In deciding to reduce appellee’s support obligation the
court noted that, at the time of the hearing, appellee was seventy-one years old, “in bad health,”
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and her health “affect[ed] her ability to earn a living.” The trial court concluded that appellee’s
income-producing properties were “underproducing” but that she did not have the capital to
make necessary improvements to the properties. Finding such facts constituted changed
circumstances, the trial court ordered a reduction in appellant’s support noting that appellee,
nonetheless, had “an obligation to [her] husband to support him” and that she had “the ability to
produce [the] income” needed to pay support in the amount ordered.
We conclude there is sufficient evidence in the record to support the trial court’s exercise
of its discretion in reducing the spousal support from $1,200 per month to $900 per month.
Attorney’s fees and costs
Appellant asks this Court to award him attorney’s fees and costs incurred on appeal. See
O’Loughlin v. O’Loughlin, 23 Va. App. 690, 695, 479 S.E.2d 98, 100 (1996). On consideration
of the record before us, we decline to award appellant his attorney’s fees and costs on appeal.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s ruling is affirmed.
Affirmed.
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