[J-98-2012][M.O. – Per Curiam]
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
EASTERN DISTRICT
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, : No. 638 CAP
:
Appellee : Appeal from the Order entered on
: 8/31/11 in the Court of Common Pleas,
: Criminal Division of Lancaster County at
v. : No. CP-36-CR-0002324-2000
:
:
TEDOR DAVIDO, :
:
Appellant : SUBMITTED: August 3, 2012
CONCURRING OPINION
MR. JUSTICE SAYLOR DECIDED: December 15, 2014
I respectfully concur in the result. Although I agree with much of the substantive
analysis presented by the majority in its treatment of various of Appellant’s claims, I
have sufficient differences with various elaborations that I am unable to supply a full
joinder.
In particular, as pertains to Part II of the majority opinion -- which addresses
Appellant’s claim of deficient stewardship by virtue of his attorneys’ failure to seek
suppression -- I agree with Appellant that the PCRA court erred in its conclusion that an
anonymous 911 report of a domestic disturbance, coupled with a responding officer’s
“gut feeling,” meets the emergency aid exception to the warrant requirement so as to
justify entry by police into a residence. Accord Kerman v. City of New York, 261 F.3d
229, 232-36 (2d Cir. 2001) (holding that a warrantless entry by police into an apartment
based on an uncorroborated, anonymous 911 report of a “mentally ill man . . . acting
crazy and possibly [in possession of] a gun” violated the Fourth Amendment).
The majority references no decision which is closely akin to the present facts,
but, instead, proceeds to bolsters its commentary via a series of case citations attended
by loose parentheticals. For example, the majority characterizes People v. Chavez, 240
P.3d 488 (Colo. App. 2010), as a decision reflecting “exigencies heightened when
officers arrived within minutes of domestic emergency call reporting physical assault but
home was dark and no one answered officers’ repeated knocks on front door.” Majority
Opinion, slip op. at 16. Chavez, however, did not involve an anonymous call, but rather,
concerned circumstances in which the caller identified herself as the daughter of the
domestic violence victim. See Chavez, 240 P.3d at 450 (explaining that, in Chavez,
“the officers knew there had been a 911 call from the woman’s daughter reporting
domestic violence that was sufficiently serious to cause her to flee the home at night”).
Indeed, the Chavez court went out of its way to distinguish the circumstances before the
court from the anonymous-call paradigm. See id. at 452 (“The information from the
daughter – an identified ‘citizen-witness’ with personal knowledge of the reported facts
and no known reason to fabricate – was presumptively reliable.” (emphasis added)).
In my view, the majority’s approach to this issue represents a substantial and
unwarranted attenuation of the emergency aid doctrine and Fourth Amendment law.
From my point of view, the responding officers should have investigated the anonymous
report further, for example, by checking with neighbors, before making entry into a
private home.
I am able to concur in the result relative to this claim only because I credit the
PCRA court’s alternative rationale, applying the inevitable discovery exception to the
warrant requirement. See generally Nix v. Williams, 467 U.S. 431, 447, 104 S. Ct.
[J-98-2012][M.O. – McCaffery, J.] - 2
2501, 2511 (1984) (“[W]hen, as here, the evidence in question would inevitably have
been discovered without reference to the police error or misconduct, there is no nexus
sufficient to provide a taint and the evidence is admissible.”). Indeed, I find the
circumstances at hand to present a paradigm instance for application of such exception.
[J-98-2012][M.O. – McCaffery, J.] - 3