[Cite as Huston v. Huston, 2014-Ohio-5654.]
COURT OF APPEALS
COSHOCTON COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DOUGLAS C. HUSTON JUDGES:
Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P. J.
Petitioner-Appellant Hon. John W. Wise, J.
Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
-vs-
Case No. 2013CA0030
MARILYN J. HUSTON
Petitioner-Appellee OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Civil Appeal from the Court of Common
Pleas, 10 DV 686
JUDGMENT: Reversed and Remanded
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: December 22, 2014
APPEARANCES:
For Petitioner-Appellant For Petitioner-Appellee
EUGENE B. LEWIS ROBERT E. WEIR
CELIA M. KILGARD FRASE, WEIR, BAKER and
TAFT, STETTINIUS & HOLLISTER McCULLOUGH CO.
65 East State Street, Suite 1000 305 Main Street
Columbus, Ohio 43215 Coshocton, Ohio 43812
Coshocton County, Case No. 2013CA0030 2
Wise, J.
{¶1}. Appellant Douglas C. Huston appeals from a post-decree decision by the
Court of Common Pleas, Coshocton County, denying his motion to terminate his
spousal support obligation. Appellee Marilyn J. Huston is appellant's former spouse.
The relevant facts and procedural history leading to this appeal are as follows.
{¶2}. Appellant Douglas and Appellee Marilyn were married in August 1988.
One child was born of the marriage in 1993. On October 1, 2010, appellant filed a
complaint for divorce against appellee in the Coshocton County Court of Common
Pleas. On December 20, 2010, following a joint request, the trial court converted the
action to a dissolution proceeding.
{¶3}. The parties' marriage was legally terminated by a decree of dissolution
and an incorporated separation agreement which were finalized on January 20, 2011.
Pursuant to the terms of said separation agreement, appellant was required to pay
spousal support to appellee in the amount of $500.00 per month, commencing in
January 2011. According to the parties' separation agreement, the order to pay spousal
support will terminate upon any of several conditions, including appellee's "cohabitation
with an unrelated person of the opposite sex."
{¶4}. On November 28, 2012, appellant filed a motion to terminate his spousal
support obligation. At that time, appellant also filed interrogatories and document
requests.
{¶5}. The matter initially came on for a hearing before a magistrate on January
11, 2013. Appellee did not appear for said hearing, and had not responded to the
interrogatories and document requests prior thereto.
Coshocton County, Case No. 2013CA0030 3
{¶6}. On March 5, 2013, the magistrate filed a decision denying appellant's
motion to terminate spousal support. The magistrate held, inter alia, that appellant did
not establish the address where appellee was residing was the same as her alleged
cohabiter.
{¶7}. On March 19, 2013, appellant filed objections to the magistrate's decision.
{¶8}. On May 10, 2013, the trial court issued a judgment entry permitting the
submission of additional evidence on the issue of termination of spousal support and set
an evidentiary hearing for July 22, 2013.
{¶9}. On June 14, 2013, appellant served requests for admissions upon
appellee. On June 26, 2013, appellee's responses to the requests for admissions were
received by appellant's counsel. The requests for admissions were thereafter admitted
to the record.
{¶10}. On July 16, 2013, appellant filed a motion for an order to compel appellee
to respond to the remaining discovery requests and production of documents that were
filed with the trial court on November 28, 2012.
{¶11}. On July 16, 2013, the trial court issued a judgment entry ordering appellee
to respond to appellant's discovery requests within three days. On July 19, 2013, after
newly retained counsel for appellee contacted counsel for appellant, the parties agreed
to a brief continuance of the hearing scheduled for July 22, 2013 to allow appellee to
provide appellant with discovery. Said counsel, who had been previously retained by
appellee for the dissolution proceedings, re-entered an appearance in the action
following the filing of a consent judgment entry on July 22, 2013.
Coshocton County, Case No. 2013CA0030 4
{¶12}. On July 29, 2013, pursuant to the consent entry, the hearing on the
objections was continued until August 7, 2013. On August 6, 2013, appellant moved for
sanctions pursuant to Civ.R. 37(B) based on appellee's failure to respond to discovery.
On August 7, 2013, appellee filed a memorandum contra regarding the request for
sanctions.
{¶13}. On August 7, 2013, the trial court heard evidence and testimony related to
the objections and the motion for termination of spousal support. The testifying
witnesses were appellee, appellant, Nicole Huston (daughter), and Karrie Huston
(former daughter-in-law). Appellee testified, inter alia, that she had signed the
separation agreement and understood that she was bound by its terms, including the
conditions for termination of spousal support. See Tr. at 21-22.
{¶14}. On November 27, 2013, the trial court issued a judgment entry denying
appellant's motion to terminate. The court decided the issue on the merits, although it
also made a finding that appellee had not been properly served with the motion.
{¶15}. On December 26, 2013, appellant filed a notice of appeal. He herein
raises the following nine Assignments of Error:
{¶16}. “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED, AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION, IN
DETERMINING THAT THERE WAS NO FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO ESTABLISH
COHABITATION.
{¶17}. “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED, AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION, IN
DENYING APPELLANT'S MOTION TO TERMINATE SPOUSAL SUPPORT BY
FINDING THAT APPELLEE WAS NOT COHABITATING WITH RANDY THOMAS AS
Coshocton County, Case No. 2013CA0030 5
THE TRIAL COURT'S DECISION WAS UNREASONABLE AND AGAINST THE
MANIFEST WEIGHT OF EVIDENCE.
{¶18}. “III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED, AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION, BY
RELYING UPON EVIDENCE THAT WAS NOT INTRODUCED IN THE EVIDENTIARY
HEARING AND NOT IN THE RECORD.
{¶19}. “IV. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED, AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION, IN
FINDING THAT IT DID NOT HAVE JURISDICTION TO PROCEED OVER
APPELLANT'S MOTION TO TERMINATE SPOUSAL SUPPORT.
{¶20}. “V. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED, AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION, IN
FINDING THAT APPELLANT FAILED TO SERVE OBJECTIONS ON APPELLEE
PURSUANT TO CIV.R. 5(A).
{¶21}. “VI. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED, AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION, IN
FINDING THAT APPELLANT COULD NOT INTRODUCE ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE AT
THE EVIDENTIARY HEARING BEFORE THE JUDGE.
{¶22}. “VII. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY RELYING ON
FACTS THAT WERE NOT IN THE RECORD TO SUPPORT ITS HOLDING.
{¶23}. “VIII. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FAILING TO ORDER APPELLEE
TO REPAY APPELLANT FOR THE SPOUSAL SUPPORT PAID TO HER DURING
HER COHABITATION.
{¶24}. “IX. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FAILING TO ORDER SANCTIONS
AGAINST APPELLEE FOR FAILURE TO RESPOND TO THE DISCOVERY
REQUESTS TIMELY AS ORDERED BY THE TRIAL COURT.”
Coshocton County, Case No. 2013CA0030 6
I., II.
{¶25}. In his First and Second Assignments of Error, appellant contends the trial
court erred and/or abused its discretion in finding he had failed to establish the
existence of cohabitation by appellee, particularly regarding the court’s consideration of
the factor of shared financial assistance. We agree.
{¶26}. A trial court's decision concerning spousal support may only be altered if it
constitutes an abuse of discretion. See Kunkle v. Kunkle (1990), 51 Ohio St.3d 64, 67,
554 N.E.2d 83. An appellate court likewise reviews a trial court's decision regarding the
termination of spousal support under an abuse of discretion standard of review.
Hartman v. Hartman, 9th Dist. Summit No. 22303, 2005–Ohio–4663, ¶ 13. An abuse of
discretion connotes more than an error of law or judgment; it implies that the court's
attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore (1983), 5
Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140.
{¶27}. Where an obligor's motion to terminate spousal support is based on the
occurrence of a condition subsequent, expressly identified in the decree, a trial court
has jurisdiction to terminate the spousal support obligation if it determines that the
obligee was cohabiting with another person in a relationship that was comparable to
marriage. See Guggenbiller v. Guggenbiller, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 10CA009871, 2011–
Ohio–3622, ¶ 6. “Whether or not a particular living arrangement rises to the level of
lifestyle known as ‘cohabitation’ is a factual question to be initially determined by the
trial court.” Moell v. Moell (1994), 98 Ohio App.3d 748, 752, 649 N.E.2d 880, citing
Dickerson v. Dickerson (1993), 87 Ohio App.3d 848, 851, 623 N.E.2d 237, 239.
“ ‘[C]ohabitation’ describes an issue of lifestyle, not a housing arrangement.” Id., citing
Coshocton County, Case No. 2013CA0030 7
Dickerson, supra, at 850, 623 N.E.2d at 239. When considering this issue, a trial court
should look to three principal factors: “(1) [A]n actual living together; (2) of a sustained
duration; and (3) with shared expenses with respect to financing and day-to-day
incidental expenses.” Moell, supra (additional citations and internal quotations omitted).
See, also, Yarnell v. Yarnell, 5th Dist. Delaware No. 05 CAF 0064, 2006–Ohio–3929, ¶
43.
{¶28}. In the case sub judice, the trial court found that appellee had been living
with her boyfriend, Randy Thomas, since July 2010, but determined " *** they did not
share expenses with respect to financing and day-to-day incidental expenses."
Judgment Entry, November 27, 2013, at 7. At the evidentiary hearing upon appellant's
objections in this matter, appellee testified that she has had a sexual relationship with
Randy that has been ongoing since July 2010, and that as of the date of the hearing of
August 7th 2013, she had been living with Randy in Warsaw, Ohio, for more than two
years.1 Tr. at 19, 23-24. Randy owns the Warsaw residence and is responsible for the
real estate taxes and the mortgage payments, if any. Tr. at 27. Appellee did not pay
Randy for rent (although she had tried earlier to do so) and she did not have a lease
agreement with him. Tr. at 36, 127. Appellee testified that she has never received any
financial support from Randy. Tr. at 114. Appellee testified that she generally does not
pay Randy expenses and utilities, and she does not reimburse Randy for any payments
that he makes. Tr. at 36. However, she conceded that she pays one-half of the electric
bill "most of the time probably." Tr. at 36. She has also paid for television via Dish TV
and/or Direct TV. Tr. at 37. Appellee and Randy shared a bed and used the same
1
Appellee’s future plans are not completely clear in the record; she stated at one point
that she was “in the process” of moving into another residence. See Tr. at 132.
Coshocton County, Case No. 2013CA0030 8
bedroom. Tr. at 30. While living there, appellee kept all of her clothing at the house. Id.
Appellee also testified that Randy pays her cash as reimbursement for his cell phone
expenses, even though he was not always consistent in that arrangement. Tr. at 71.
{¶29}. The evidence also demonstrated that appellee at times has driven
Randy's Chevrolet truck, and he has driven her Honda automobile. Tr. at 35-36.
Appellant also made reference to a four-wheeler at the residence that she and Randy
would share. Tr. at 46. Appellee admitted to sending mail to appellant with a return
address of Randy's Warsaw house number and street. Tr. at 40. Furthermore, appellee
got some of her mail at the Warsaw residence and some via a PO Box. Tr. at 30-31. In
terms of household work, evidence was adduced that appellee generally did most of the
cooking, dishwashing and laundry, while Randy did yard work and other outside
maintenance, although housecleaning was shared. See Tr. at 36, 97.
{¶30}. At one point, appellee and Randy announced they were engaged, and
appellee began wearing an engagement ring. The engagement was on for about two
months. Tr. at 33-34. Appellee and Randy had portrait photographs taken of the two of
them and their children, one of which was described as a "family photograph." Tr. at 31,
33. Appellee also spent holidays with Randy, including hosting holiday events at the
residence. Tr. at 46. Appellee and Randy also went to social events together such as
activities at the members-only Eagles Club. Tr. at 47-48. In June 2013, the couple
attended appellee's father's funeral together. Tr. at 48.
{¶31}. The testimony of the parties' daughter, Nicole Huston, who had resided
with appellee and Randy for about one year, buttressed some of the aforesaid
information. See Tr. at 92-101.
Coshocton County, Case No. 2013CA0030 9
{¶32}. Appellee also made various improvements to the residence in question.
She testified that she paid to renovate a bathroom at the residence including replacing
the bathtub, toilet, walls, and vanity. Tr. at 41, 117. Appellee also recalled that she paid
about $2,900.00 to install an air conditioning system at the residence. Tr. at 41-42, 117.
She calculated that she contributed a total of over $4,000.00 in improvements within the
first four to five months after her dissolution. Tr. at 128-129. Appellee also purchased
about $3,000.00 of furniture for use at Randy's house and brought in a dishwasher that
was part of the property division in her dissolution from appellant. Tr. at 44-45. Appellee
testified that the air-conditioning unit would remain part of the residence. Tr. at 42, 128.
{¶33}. Appellee responds in her brief, inter alia, that she and Randy did not
commingle assets and did not jointly hold or own credit cards, bank accounts,
investments, or real estate. Appellee's Brief at 7; Tr. at 115. Furthermore, Nicole Huston
recalled that she never observed either Randy or appellee exchanging money with each
other, splitting bills while eating out, or reimbursing each other for groceries. Tr. at 93-
96. However, we find the evidence clearly supports the existence of a rent-free "living
together" arrangement between appellee and Randy that, financially speaking, at least
included the sharing of automobile and four-wheeler usage, appellee's monetary
contribution toward certain furniture and upgrades to the residence, and periodic
sharing of cell phone and electricity costs. Recently, in Sage v. Gallagher, 5th Dist.
Richland No. 13 CA 64, 2014-Ohio-1598, ¶ 15, we cautioned against strict application of
the Moell test, which includes consideration of the factor of a couple's sharing of
financing and day-to-day incidental expenses. We expressed our determination that
" *** the overarching principle in such cases is that '[c]ohabitation contemplates a
Coshocton County, Case No. 2013CA0030 10
relationship that approximates, or is the functional equivalent of, a marriage.' ” Id., citing
Keeley v. Keeley, 12th Dist. Clermont Nos. CA99–07–075, CA99–080–080, 2000 WL
431362, citing Piscione v. Piscione, 85 Ohio App.3d 273, 275, 619 N.E.2d 1030 (9th
Dist.1992). Upon review of the record in the case sub judice, we hold the trial court's
focus on the shared daily expenses aspect of Moell, as grounds for finding no
cohabitation between appellee and Randy, was overemphasized and unreasonable
given the substantial evidence of their relationship approximating the status of marriage.
{¶34}. Accordingly, we conclude the trial court abused its discretion in failing to
terminate appellant's spousal support obligation to appellee under the facts and
circumstances of this case.
{¶35}. Appellant's First and Second Assignments of Error are sustained.
IV., V.
{¶36}. In his Fourth and Fifth Assignments of Error, appellant contends the trial
court erred and/or abused its discretion in finding it did not have jurisdiction to proceed
for want of service of appellant's motion to terminate spousal support and Civ.R. 53
objections.
{¶37}. Civ.R. 75 is applicable to post-decree matters. Szerlip v. Szerlip, 5th Dist.
Knox No. 01CA09, 2002-Ohio-2541. Civ.R. 75(J) states in pertinent part as follows:
"The continuing jurisdiction of the court shall be invoked by motion filed in the original
action, notice of which shall be served in the manner provided for the service of process
under Civ.R. 4 to 4.6. ***." Nonetheless, when a party appears in court, fails to object to
improper service pursuant to Civ.R. 75(J), and defends on the merits of the case, that
party will be deemed to have waived the issue of service. Hetlin v. Hetlin, 3rd Dist.
Coshocton County, Case No. 2013CA0030 11
Seneca No. 13–14–08, 2014-Ohio-4997, ¶ 26, citing Laver v. Laver, 3d Dist. Henry No.
7–08–01, 2008–Ohio–6068, ¶ 9.
{¶38}. In the case sub judice, we first find the trial court had continuing
jurisdiction to proceed over issues of spousal support based on its reservation of
jurisdiction to modify future awards in the parties' separation agreement and decree of
dissolution. In her decision of March 5, 2013, the magistrate noted that appellee had not
appeared, nor was counsel present on her behalf. Magistrate's Decision at 1. However,
the magistrate had noted on the record that appellee had been personally served with
notice (Tr., January 10, 2013, at 3), and the magistrate proceeded to the merits, finding
appellant had failed to prove termination should be ordered. Decision at 1-2. Thereafter,
at the evidentiary hearing on August 7, 2013 on appellant's objections to said decision,
the trial court noted that both appellant and appellee were present with their respective
attorneys. The court further stated that " *** the parties had agreed to set the matter for
evidentiary hearing on today's date." Tr., August 7, 2013, at 5.
{¶39}. As an appellate court, we are not required to issue an advisory or merely
academic ruling. See, e.g., In re Merryman/Wilson Children, Stark App.Nos. 2004 CA
00056 and 2004 CA 00071, 2004-Ohio-3174, ¶ 59, citing State v. Bistricky (1990), 66
Ohio Aat3d 395, 584 N.E.2d 75. In the case sub judice, although both sides have duly
briefed the service issues for us, we find further analysis unnecessary where appellee
appeared for the evidentiary hearing before the judge and a decision was reached on
the merits, despite the court's seemingly contradictory written finding that it lacked
jurisdiction to proceed as to appellee.
Coshocton County, Case No. 2013CA0030 12
{¶40}. Appellant's Fourth and Fifth Assignments of Error are therefore found to
be moot.
III., VI., VII., IX.
{¶41}. In his Third, Sixth, Seventh, and Ninth Assignments of Error, appellant
raises several issues pertaining to the trial court's rulings during the case regarding
evidence and discovery.
{¶42}. Based on our conclusions regarding appellant's First and Second
Assignments of Error, we find the Third, Sixth, Seventh, and Ninth Assignments of Error
to be moot.
VIII.
{¶43}. In his Eighth Assignment of Error, appellant contends the trial court erred
and/or abused its discretion in failing to require appellee to reimburse him for spousal
support she received post-cohabitation. In essence, appellant is arguing that the
termination of spousal support should have been made retroactive.
{¶44}. Generally, if a court determines that a support order should be modified, it
may make the order effective from the date the motion to modify was filed. Such
determination is a matter within the trial court's sound discretion. Sommers v. Sommers,
5th Dist. Stark No. 2009CA00188, 2010-Ohio-1831, ¶ 45 (citations omitted).
Specifically, a retroactive order terminating support upon cohabitation is permissible
when the separation agreement or divorce decree provides that support shall terminate
upon cohabitation. Jennings v. Jennings, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 68782, 1995 WL
628336 (citations omitted). Nonetheless, "courts must be careful in making
modifications retroactive because the retroactive reduction of spousal support which
Coshocton County, Case No. 2013CA0030 13
fails to consider the recipient's reliance upon or expectation of receiving constitutes
substantial injustice and is an abuse of discretion." Dawson v. Dawson, 5th Dist. Stark
No. 1999CA00063, 1999 WL 770795, citing McGuire v. McGuire (April 6, 1995),
Cuyahoga App. No. 67030, 1995 WL 168465.
{¶45}. Because the trial court did not reach the issue based on its decision to
deny appellant's motion to terminate, we hereby sustain appellant's Eighth Assignment
of Error to the extent that the matter will be remanded for a hearing to determine the
date of termination of spousal support.
{¶46}. For the reasons stated in the foregoing opinion, the judgment of the Court
of Common Pleas, Coshocton County, Ohio, is hereby reversed and remanded for
further proceedings consistent herewith.
By: Wise, J.
Gwin, P. J., and
Baldwin, J., concur.
JWW/d 1209
Coshocton County, Case No. 2013CA0030 14
Huston v. Huston
Combined Opinion