Filed 1/6/15 In re Brianna V. CA4/1
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COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
In re BRIANNA V. et al., Persons Coming
Under the Juvenile Court Law.
D066297
SAN DIEGO COUNTY HEALTH AND
HUMAN SERVICES AGENCY,
(Super. Ct. No. CJ1170 A-C)
Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
RICARDO V.,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from findings and orders of the Superior Court of San Diego County,
Edlene McKenzie, Commissioner. Affirmed.
Cristina Gabrielidis, under appointment by the Court of Appeal for Defendant and
Appellant.
Thomas E. Montgomery, County Counsel, John E. Philips, Chief Deputy County
Counsel, and Dana C. Shoffner, Deputy County Counsel, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
Ricardo V. appeals findings and orders adjudicating his children dependents of the
juvenile court under Welfare and Institutions Code section 300, subdivisions (b) and (d).1
We affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Ricardo V. and N.B. have three children, Brianna V., Nicolas V. and R.V.
(collectively, the children), who are now ages 10, eight and six years old, respectively.
In September 2013, the San Diego County Health and Human Services Agency
(Agency) offered voluntary services to the parents after the children witnessed an
incident of domestic violence, in which they defended their mother while their father
choked her. In addition, Brianna said her father masturbated while he touched the boys'
"privacy parts." Interviewed separately, Nicolas and R.V. disclosed that Ricardo touched
their penises with his entire hand, moving his hand up and down. Ricardo admitted
touching the boys on their penises but claimed it was his cultural way of showing
affection.
N.B. agreed she would not permit Ricardo to be alone with the children.
However, she did not follow the safety plan and allowed Ricardo to shower with the
children and dress them. Both parents minimized Ricardo's sexual abuse of the children.
Although the social worker was able to help the parents meet some of the children's
unmet medical needs, which included hearing and vision problems, dental problems, and
chronic lice, the parents continued to neglect their children's medical needs. School
personnel reported when they called the parents on two occasions to tell them Brianna
1 All further statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code.
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and Nicolas had high fevers, the parents said they would come right away but did not
show up until the end of the day.
In May 2014, the Agency detained the children in foster care and filed petitions
under section 300, subdivisions (b) and (d), after preventive services did not prevent or
eliminate the risks to the children. In July, after a document trial, the court sustained the
petitions, removed the children from the custody of their parents and placed them with a
relative.
DISCUSSION
A
Contentions on Appeal
Ricardo contends there is not substantial evidence to support the court's findings
under section 300, subdivisions (b) and (d). He argues by the time of the jurisdictional
hearing, the children's medical needs had been resolved and they no longer were at risk of
serious physical harm or illness. With respect to the sexual abuse findings, Ricardo
asserts there is no evidence to show his inappropriate touching of his sons was motivated
by any sexual interest in his children. He further asserts there is no evidence to support a
finding his daughter had been sexually abused or was at risk of sexual abuse.
B
Legal Principles and Standard of Review
At the jurisdiction hearing, the court considers only the question whether the child
is described by one or more subdivisions in section 300. Under section 300, subdivision
(b), the Agency must show that the child has suffered, or there is a substantial risk that
the child will suffer, serious physical harm or illness, as a result of the failure of his or her
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parent to adequately supervise or protect the child. "The three elements for a section 300,
subdivision (b) finding are: '(1) neglectful conduct by the parent in one of the specified
forms; (2) causation; and (3) "serious physical harm or illness" to the [child], or a
"substantial risk" of such harm or illness.' " (In re Savannah M. (2005) 131 Cal.App.4th
1387, 1395-1396.) The third element requires a showing there is an ongoing, substantial
risk of physical harm or illness. (Id. at p. 1396.)
As relevant here, a child is described by section 300, subdivision (d), where the
child has been sexually abused, or there is a substantial risk the child will be sexually
abused, as defined in Penal Code section 11165.1, by his or her parent. Sexual abuse
means sexual assault or sexual exploitation; including lewd or lascivious acts upon a
child (Pen. Code, § 288, subd (c)(1)) and child molestation (Pen. Code, § 647.6 subd.
(b)). (Pen.Code, § 11165.1.) Sexual assault includes, but is not limited to, "[t]he
intentional touching of the genitals or intimate parts (including the breasts, genital area,
groin, inner thighs, and buttocks) or the clothing covering them, of a child, or of the
perpetrator by a child, for purposes of sexual arousal or gratification, except that, it does
not include acts which may reasonably be construed to be normal caretaker
responsibilities; interactions with, or demonstrations of affection for, the child;" and the
"intentional masturbation of the perpetrator's genitals in the presence of a child." (Ibid.)
We review the trial court's findings to determine whether there is substantial
evidence in the record to support the findings. We do not reweigh the evidence, evaluate
the credibility of witnesses or resolve evidentiary conflicts. The appellant has the burden
to demonstrate there is no evidence of a sufficiently substantial nature to support the
findings or orders. (In re Dakota H. (2005) 132 Cal.App.4th 212, 228.) We draw all
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legitimate and reasonable inferences in support of the judgment. (Candari v. Los Angeles
Unified School Dist. (2011) 193 Cal.App.4th 402, 408.)
C
There Is Substantial Evidence to Support the Findings of General Neglect
We are not persuaded by Ricardo's argument the children were no longer at risk of
harm at the time of the jurisdictional hearing because their medical needs had been met.
The juvenile court could reasonably determine the children had suffered serious physical
harm as a result of their parents' neglect and without intervention to protect the children,
they would remain at substantial risk of harm.
The record contains ample evidence to show the parents neglected the children's
medical needs, causing serious physical injury to the children. In 2009, twice in 2011,
and three times in 2012, the school nurse referred Brianna to an audiologist to evaluate
her hearing. The parents did not follow up on the referrals. By the time Brianna was
evaluated in December 2012, she had only 20 percent of her hearing and required
surgery. The parents missed the surgery date. Agency personnel transported Brianna to
her medical and surgical appointments. She struggled in school due to her vision and
hearing problems, and was held back a grade. When Brianna and Nicolas had high fevers
at school, the parents did not respond appropriately. Brianna needed glasses, which were
obtained with the help of the Agency. The parents postponed taking Brianna to the
doctor for an ear infection for nine days. Four days after her appointment, they still had
not picked up her medication. Brianna needed to have two molars removed.
Nicolas also needed glasses, which the parents did not obtain on their own. His
parents had neglected his dental needs, and at the time of the jurisdiction hearing, Nicolas
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had a toothache. R.V. also needed to see a dentist. He had moderate hearing loss and
was evaluated for surgery. At the time he was detained in protective custody, R.V. had
an untreated ear infection.
Past conduct of a parent may be probative of current conditions if there is a reason
to believe the neglectful conduct will continue. (In re S.O. (2002) 103 Cal.App.4th 453,
461.) Here, the parents had a five-year history of neglecting their children's health needs.
They did not respond appropriately when informed their children were ill. Although the
Agency assisted the parents in meeting some of the children's needs, preventive services
were ineffective in improving the parents' ability to identify those needs and obtain
appropriate care for their children. Accordingly, we conclude there is substantial
evidence to support the court's finding the parents' neglect presented a continued risk of
harm to the children.
D
There Is Substantial Evidence to Support the Sexual Abuse Findings
We reject Ricardo's characterization that his sexual abuse of his children was
merely his way of demonstrating affection. R.V. said his father touched his own penis
while he touched R.V.'s penis. Nicolas also said his father touched his penis. When
asked separately by a social worker to show on a pen how their father touched himself,
each boy used his entire hand and moved it several times from the middle of the pen to
the end of the pen. Brianna said her father masturbated when he touched R.V. and
Nicolas. The court could reasonably infer from these descriptions Ricardo's actions were
sexually motivated. Nicolas indicated the touching made him feel sad. R.V. indicated it
made him feel angry. Ricardo acknowledged R.V. asked him to stop touching him, but
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he did not stop. This constitutes substantial evidence that Ricardo sexually abused his
sons within the meaning of section 300, subdivision (d), and Penal Code section 11165.1.
Children who are exposed to a parent's sexual abuse of a sibling are also victims of
sexual abuse. (In re R.V., Jr. (2012) 208 Cal.App.4th 837, 846; In re Ana C. (2012) 204
Cal.App.4th 1317, 1332.) Brianna witnessed her father's sexual abuse of her brothers.
Her teacher discovered Brianna masturbating at school. Brianna said Ricardo touched
her once but it was a mistake because he thought she was a boy. Brianna was afraid her
mother would hit her if she gave any additional information to the social worker. There
is substantial evidence to support the finding that Brianna had been sexually abused, or
was at substantial risk of sexual abuse. (§ 300, subd. (d).)
DISPOSITION
The findings and orders are affirmed.
BENKE, J.
WE CONCUR:
McCONNELL, P. J.
NARES, J.
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