FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS JAN 07 2015
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. 13-10589
Plaintiff - Appellee, D.C. No. 3:12-cr-00802-WHO-1
Northern District of California,
v. San Francisco
ARGIMIRO POZOS SOLANO, AKA
Manuel DeJesus Cortez, AKA Romero ORDER
Perez, AKA Argiro Pozos Solano, AKA
Arlimiro Poso Solano, AKA Romero
Solano,
Defendant - Appellant.
Before: BEA, IKUTA, and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges.
The memorandum disposition filed in this case on September 23, 2014, is
amended by the attached amended memorandum disposition. With this amended
memorandum disposition, the panel has unanimously voted to deny appellant’s
petition for rehearing. The petition for rehearing en banc was circulated to the
judges of the court, and no judge requested a vote for en banc consideration.
The petition for rehearing and the petition for rehearing en banc are
DENIED. The panel will not consider any further petitions for rehearing in
response to the amended memorandum disposition.
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FILED
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT JAN 07 2015
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. 13-10589
Plaintiff - Appellee, D.C. No. 3:12-cr-00802-WHO-1
v.
AMENDED
ARGIMIRO SOLANO, AKA Manuel MEMORANDUM*
DeJesus Cortez, AKA Romero Perez,
AKA Argiro Pozos Solano, AKA Arlimiro
Poso Solano, AKA Romero Solano,
Defendant - Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of California
William H. Orrick, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted September 11, 2014**
San Francisco, California
Before: BEA, IKUTA, and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges.
Defendant Argimiro Solano appeals his conviction for illegal reentry after
deportation in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326. On appeal, he challenges the district
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
court’s denial of his motion to dismiss his indictment on the ground that the crime
of rape as defined by section 261(a)(2) of the California Penal Code did not qualify
as an aggravated felony. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.
We have previously held that unlawful sexual penetration under section
289(a)(1) of the California Penal Code is a crime of violence for purposes of 18
U.S.C. § 16(b) because it “is precisely the type of felony that by its nature” raises
“a substantial risk that physical force will be used during the course of the crime.”
United States v. Sandoval-Orellana, 714 F.3d 1174, 1179 (9th Cir. 2013) (internal
quotation marks omitted). Because section 289(a)(1) is identical in material
respects to section 261(a)(2), that conclusion applies here as well, and therefore a
rape conviction under section 261(a)(2) of the California Penal Code constitutes a
“crime of violence” as defined by § 16(b). Because the crime of rape under section
261(a)(2) is a crime of violence for purposes of § 16(b), it meets the definition of
“aggravated felony” under 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(43)(F). Accordingly, Solano’s
collateral challenge to his 1998 removal, as stated in his opening brief on appeal,
2
fails, and the district court did not err in denying Solano’s motion to dismiss his
indictment.1
After issuance of our ruling in this case, Solano submitted a petition for
rehearing in which he raised the new argument that at the time he pleaded guilty to
rape under section 261(a)(2) of the California Penal Code in 1995, his conviction
would not have counted as an aggravated felony under pre-1996 immigration law.
Solano waived this argument by raising it for the first time in his petition for
rehearing. See Boardman v. Estelle, 957 F.2d 1523, 1535 (9th Cir. 1992) (per
curiam). But even if we reached the merits, and concluded that Solano’s prior
conviction did not constitute an aggravated felony in 1995, his collateral attack on
his deportation order would still fail. Solano had been in prison for three years
prior to the time the immigration officer made his determination, and therefore
Solano could not have demonstrated that he was a “person of good moral
character,” see 8 U.S.C. § 1101(f)(7) (1994), which was necessary to be eligible for
either suspension of deportation or voluntary departure. See 8 U.S.C § 1254(a)(1),
(e)(1) (1994) (repealed in 1996). Because Solano has not demonstrated that he had
any plausible ground for relief in his deportation proceeding, he cannot
1
In light of this ruling, we did not consider whether section 261(a)(2) also
meets the definition of aggravated felony because it falls within the generic
definition of rape.
3
successfully attack his deportation order. See United States v. Vidal-Mendoza, 705
F.3d 1012, 1015–16, 1021 (9th Cir. 2013).
AFFIRMED.
4