State of New York
Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Third Judicial Department
Decided and Entered: January 22, 2015 105758
________________________________
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF
NEW YORK,
Respondent,
v MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
PAUL WILLIFORD,
Appellant.
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Calendar Date: November 12, 2014
Before: Peters, P.J., Lahtinen, Garry, Rose and Lynch, JJ.
__________
Joseph Nalli, Fort Plain, for appellant.
Robert M. Carney, District Attorney, Schenectady (Gerald A.
Dwyer of counsel), for respondent.
__________
Lynch, J.
Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of Schenectady
County (Milano, J.), rendered September 5, 2013, convicting
defendant upon his plea of guilty of the crime of attempted
burglary in the first degree.
In satisfaction of a 16-count indictment, defendant pleaded
guilty to one count of attempted burglary in the first degree and
waived his right to appeal. Pursuant to the plea agreement,
County Court sentenced defendant as a second violent felony
offender to a prison term of nine years, with five years of
postrelease supervision. Defendant appeals.
Defendant challenges the voluntariness of both his plea and
appeal waiver. At the outset of the plea proceeding, County
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Court stated the conditions of the guilty plea, including
defendant's waiver of his right to appeal. The record shows that
defendant executed a written appeal waiver in open court with
counsel present. The waiver, in part, states that defendant has
a right to appeal from a conviction following a plea and
sentence, but as part of the plea agreement, he was waiving that
right to appeal. While defendant acknowleged that he was waiving
"any and all rights and remedies . . . in connection with this
case," this acknowledgment preceded defendant's review of the
appeal waiver. At no point did the court distinguish on the
record the right to appeal from those rights forfeited upon a
plea of guilty (see People v Lopez, 6 NY3d 248, 256 [2006]). Nor
was there any colloquy between the court, defendant and counsel
concerning the appeal waiver. As a result, there is no record
confirmation that defendant actually understood the implications
of the appeal waiver (see People v Bradshaw, 18 NY3d 257, 259-261
[2011]; People v Callahan, 80 NY2d 273, 283 [1992]).
Accordingly, we hold that the appeal waiver is unenforceable.
Having moved to withdraw his plea, defendant's challenge to
the sufficiency of the allocution, claimed misunderstanding as to
the plea terms and contentions of coercion are preserved for
review (see People v Mydosh, 117 AD3d 1195, 1196 [2014], lv
denied 24 NY3d 963 [2014]; People v Waters, 80 AD3d 1002, 1003
[2011], lvs denied 16 NY3d 858, 864 [2011]; compare People v
Ross, 117 AD3d 1342, 1342-1343 [2014]). During the allocution,
County Court used the words "building" and "dwelling"
interchangeably, despite the fact that burglary in the first
degree requires entry into a dwelling (see Penal Law § 140.30),
as opposed to entry into a building (see Penal Law §§ 140.20,
140.25). In so doing, the court specified the actual address,
and defendant admitted his intentions of stealing a weapon from
the resident. Since a dwelling means a building usually occupied
by a person lodging overnight (see Penal Law § 140.00), the use
of both terms did not negate an element of the charged offense
(see People v Seeber, 4 NY3d 780, 781 [2005]). Defendant entered
the plea in consultation with counsel, and there is nothing in
this record to call into question his admitted guilt. As such,
we reject defendant's contention that the allocution was
insufficient (see People v Seeber, 4 NY3d 780, 781 [2005]).
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As for defendant's professed confusion over the proposed
sentence cap, the record shows that defendant rejected plea
offers on July 11, 2012 and October 4, 2012 that included a
proposed cap. During the October 25, 2012 plea proceeding,
County Court expressly informed defendant that the maximum
sentence for a plea to a charge of attempted burglary in the
first degree, as a second violent felony offender, was 15 years,
but that the offer was to cap the sentence at 10 years. When
defendant continued to express uncertainty, the court and defense
counsel engaged in an extensive explanation, specifying that the
proposed determinate sentence would be within a range of 7 to 10
years, subject to the court's discretion. Defendant confirmed
that he understood. Defendant's further claim that he was
coerced into pleading guilty is belied by the record. He
admitted that his plea was made voluntarily and without coercion,
and that he was satisfied with counsel's representation, and we
perceive nothing in this record to suggest otherwise.
Accordingly, we conclude that defendant's plea was knowingly,
intelligently and voluntarily made (see People v Oakes, 99 AD3d
1115, 1116 [2012], lv denied 20 NY3d 1013 [2013]).
Next, defendant maintains that County Court erred in
denying his motion to suppress items seized from his vehicle,
which included the victim's checkbook, contending that he was
under the influence of drugs and incapable of consenting to the
search. This claim may be raised following a guilty plea (see
CPL 710.70 [2]). The People bear a heavy burden to establish
that the consent was freely and voluntarily given based on the
totality of the circumstances (see People v Gonzalez, 39 NY2d
122, 128-129 [1976]; People v Dobson, 285 AD2d 737, 738 [2001],
lvs denied 97 NY2d 655, 658 [2001]). The detective who testified
at the Mapp hearing stated that defendant was handcuffed to a
desk during the interview and was read his Miranda warnings.
Defendant verbally consented to having his vehicle searched and
then, at the detective's request, signed the consent form.
Defendant was indisputably in custody at this point and the
detective conceded that he neither read the consent form to
defendant nor advised him of his right to refuse to consent.
These factors, however, do not preclude a finding of voluntary
consent (see People v Gonzalez, 39 NY2d at 128). The detective
acknowledged that defendant "seemed to be coming off of whatever
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he was on," but also explained that defendant was "pretty fluent
in what he was saying" and "definitely not out of it to the point
where he didn't understand." After watching a video of the
interview, County Court determined that defendant was coherent
and that the manner in which the detective asked for defendant's
permission to search his vehicle was not coercive (see People v
Adams, 26 NY2d 129, 137-138 [1970], cert denied 399 US 931
[1970]; People v Williams, 40 AD3d 1364, 1365 [2007], lv denied 9
NY3d 927 [2007]; People v Dlugos, 237 AD2d 754, 756 [1997], lv
denied 89 NY2d 1091 [1997]). Viewed in totality, and according
deference to the factual findings of the suppression court, we
find that County Court did not abuse its discretion in finding
that the consent was freely given.
Finally, given defendant's extensive criminal history and
the fact that his sentence was actually less than the sentence
agreed to as part of the plea bargain, the sentence was not an
abuse of discretion and we do not find extraordinary
circumstances warranting a reduction thereof (see People v
Urbina, 1 AD3d 717, 718 [2003], lv denied 1 NY3d 602 [2004]).
Peters, P.J., Lahtinen, Garry and Rose, JJ., concur.
ORDERED that the judgment is affirmed.
ENTER:
Robert D. Mayberger
Clerk of the Court