J-S65016-14
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
WILLIAM H. EVANS, JR.
Appellant No. 3235 EDA 2013
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence October 22, 2013
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lehigh County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-39-CR-0000125-1987
BEFORE: PANELLA, OLSON and PLATT,* JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.: FILED JANUARY 26, 2015
Appellant, William H. Evans, Jr., appeals from the judgment of
sentence entered on October 22, 2013 in the Criminal Division of the Court
of Common Pleas of Lehigh County, which followed the revocation court’s
determination that Appellant violated the terms of his probation. We affirm.
The trial court summarized the historical facts and procedural history
in this case as follows:
On May 11, 1994, [Appellant] entered a plea of nolo contendere
to three counts of rape by forcible compulsion listed in Counts 1,
11 and 19 of the criminal information filed in this case. On June
20, 1994, the [trial court] sentenced [Appellant] on Count 1 to a
term of confinement of not less than 10 years to not more than
20 years. On Count 11, the [court] sentenced [Appellant] to 20
years of probation to run consecutively to the sentence imposed
on Count 1 and, on Count 19, [the court] sentenced [Appellant]
to 20 years of probation to run consecutively to the sentence
imposed on Count 11.
*Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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The charges stemmed from sexual abuse [Appellant] perpetrated
on his three-year-old daughter, five-year-old son and
eight-year-old stepdaughter between June of 1982 and August of
1983. During this period, [Appellant] repeatedly threatened,
beat and raped the children while they lived at his residence. He
often tied them to poles and gagged them as he violated them
orally, anally and genitally. He used a gun and knife to threaten
them. All three children suffered extreme psychological trauma
as a result of what [Appellant] did to them.
[After serving his incarceration sentence on Count 1, Appellant
was released in March 2013. At this time, Appellant commenced
serving his probationary sentence for Count 11. On June 27,
2013, Appellant was taken into custody following a June 21st
incident that occurred at the all-male boarding house at which
he was residing. The June 21st incident began when the
manager of the boarding house ordered Appellant to vacate the
premises because he brought a woman into his room.
Thereafter, Appellant threatened the boarding house manager
with bodily injury and death. The revocation court convened a
Gagnon I1 hearing on September 24, 2013. At the conclusion
of the hearing, the court found probable cause to believe that
Appellant may have violated his probation by failing to notify his
probation officer of his new residence after leaving the boarding
house and by issuing threats to the manager of the boarding
house.]
On October 15, 2013, [the revocation court] conducted a
Gagnon II hearing. [At the close of that hearing, the court]
found that [Appellant] violated the terms of [his] probation by
failing to refrain from prohibited overt behavior in that he
threatened [the boarding house manager.2 Therefore, the court]
revoked probation on Count 11 and resentenced [Appellant] to a
state confinement of not less than four months to not more than
24 months, to be followed by 18 years of probation. [The court]
also revoked probation on Count 19 and, after taking into
account [Appellant’s] months of probation already served, [] re-
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1
Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778 (1973).
2
The court dismissed the violation in which the Commonwealth alleged that
Appellant failed to report his new residence to his probation officer.
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sentenced [Appellant] to 18 years of probation to run
consecutively to the sentence imposed on Count 11. On
November 1, 2013, [Appellant] filed a motion to modify his
sentence which [the court] denied by order filed on November 6,
2013. [A timely notice of appeal followed on November 14,
2013.]
Trial Court Opinion, 2/28/14, at 1-2.3
Appellant’s brief raises the following questions for our review:
Were [Appellant’s] due process rights compromised by the
delay from the date of his arrest until the occurrence of
Gagnon II [h]earing which delay resulted in the
unavailability of a witness for the defense for the violation
hearing?
Was the evidence presented by the Commonwealth
sufficient to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that
[Appellant] violated the terms and conditions of his
probation?
Did the [revocation] court err by imposing a
disproportionate sentence based upon the nature of the
violation and by failing to order a presentence
investigation report or otherwise engage in a presentence
inquiry to apprise itself of [Appellant’s] circumstances of
life and other significant factors relevant to the sentence?
Appellant’s Brief at 9.
In his first claim, Appellant alleges that his due process rights were
violated by an unnecessary delay between the date of his arrest (June 27,
2013) and his Gagnon II hearing (October 15, 2013). Appellant alleges
“that this delay cost him the benefit of testimony from Nancy Hester[, who
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3
Both Appellant and the revocation court have complied with the
requirements set forth in Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
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was called away at the end of July on a family matter.]” Appellant’s Brief at
16. Although Appellant concedes that Ms. Hester was not present during his
confrontation with the boarding house manager, Appellant claims that Ms.
Hester had a previous encounter with the manager on June 21st during which
the manager acted aggressively and inappropriately towards her. Appellant
therefore claims that Ms. Hester “could have testified to the attitude shown
by [the boarding house manager] towards her and [Appellant],” which would
have bolstered Appellant’s credibility and substantiated his contention that
he did not violate his lease conditions by having a female present in his
room. Id. This claim merits no relief.
In relevant part, Rule 708 of the Pennsylvania Rules of Criminal
Procedure provides that a trial court may not revoke a probationary
sentence “unless there has been a hearing held as speedily as possible at
which the defendant is present and represented by counsel.” Pa.R.Crim.P.
708(B)(1). “The requirement of a speedy revocation hearing means that the
courts must act with reasonable promptness once officials are aware of [a
probation] violation.” Commonwealth v. Pelzer, 466 A.2d 159, 161 (Pa.
Super. 1983). The rule requiring a speedy revocation hearing does not
establish a presumptive period in which the Commonwealth must revoke
probation; instead, the question is whether the delay was reasonable under
the circumstances and whether the defendant was prejudiced by the delay.
Commonwealth v. Christmas, 995 A.2d 1259, 1262-1263 (Pa. Super.
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2010), appeal denied, 53 A.3d 756 (Pa. 2012). To determine whether there
has been reasonable promptness for purposes of Rule 708(B)(1), a court
considers three factors: the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay,
and the prejudice to the defendant as a result of the delay. Christmas, 995
A.2d at 1263. The primary purpose of a prompt revocation hearing is to
prevent the loss of essential witnesses or documentary evidence, and to
avoid the continuance of unnecessary incarceration or other limitations of
the personal liberty of the accused. Pelzer, 466 A.2d at 161.
An analysis of the circumstances surrounding this case leads us to
conclude that Appellant received a reasonably prompt revocation hearing
and that he was not prejudiced by any delay in the proceedings. A period of
110 days elapsed between Appellant’s June 27, 2013 arrest and his October
15, 2013 Gagnon II hearing. As the revocation court noted, Appellant
never explained what steps he took to secure Ms. Hester’s appearance or
what proof he had that she became unavailable at the end of July 2013.
See Trial Court Opinion, 2/28/14, at 4. Moreover, Appellant made no
showing at the Gagnon II hearing that he requested an expedited
proceeding. Id. Finally, there can be no argument that Appellant’s Gagnon
II hearing took place after his probationary sentence expired. In view of
these factors, we fail to see how a three and one-half month period
constituted an extraordinary or unreasonable delay.
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The Commonwealth has offered no explanation for the time that
elapsed between Appellant’s arrest and his Gagnon II hearing. Where the
Commonwealth provides no explanation for the delay, the court should
analyze whether the delay prejudiced the defendant. Christmas, 995 A.2d
at 1263.
Prejudice in this context has been interpreted as being
something which would detract from the probative value and
reliability of the facts considered, vitiating the reliability of the
outcome itself. One specific purpose of our rule in requiring a
prompt revocation hearing is to avoid such prejudice by
preventing the loss of essential witnesses or evidence, the
absence of which would contribute adversely to the
determination. Another is to prevent unnecessary restraint of
personal liberty.
Id.
Appellant claims that he was prejudiced by the loss of Ms. Hester’s
testimony. Appellant concedes, however, that while Ms. Hester had an
angry confrontation with the boarding house manager, this encounter
occurred four and one-half hours before Appellant confronted the manager.
N.T., 10/15/13, at 7. Appellant did not witness the interaction between the
manager and Ms. Hester and Ms. Hester was not present for Appellant’s
encounter with the manager. Id. at 5. Under these circumstances, we
concur in the revocation court’s conclusion that Ms. Hester’s testimony had
no bearing on whether Appellant threatened the boarding house manager.
See Trial Court Opinion, 2/28/14, at 4. Since Ms. Hester had no relevant
personal knowledge regarding the nature of the interaction between
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Appellant and the boarding house manager, Appellant cannot show that any
delay in his revocation hearing prejudiced his defense.
Appellant’s second claim asserts that the evidence presented by the
Commonwealth at the Gagnon II hearing was insufficient to support a
finding that Appellant violated a condition of his probation that forbade him
from engaging in overt behavior. Specifically, Appellant maintains that,
while a heated exchange may have occurred, nothing on his part rose to the
level of overt behavior worthy of a probation violation since nothing was
“meant seriously” and the record is questionable as to whether Appellant’s
actions placed the boarding house manager in fear of harm. See Appellant’s
Brief at 19. This claim fails.
The following standard governs our review of Appellant’s second claim:
The Commonwealth establishes a probation violation meriting
revocation when it shows, by a preponderance of the evidence,4
that the probationer's conduct violated the terms and conditions
of his probation, and that probation has proven an ineffective
rehabilitation tool incapable of deterring [the] probationer from
future antisocial conduct.
Commonwealth v. A.R., 990 A.2d 1, 4 (Pa. Super. 2010) (footnote in
original; internal citations omitted), aff’d, 80 A.3d 1180 (Pa. 2013).
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4
The “preponderance of the evidence” is the lowest burden of proof in the
administration of justice, and it is defined as the “greater weight of the
evidence, i.e., to tip a scale slightly [in one's favor].” Raker v. Raker, 847
A.2d 720, 723 (Pa. Super. 2004).
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The revocation court made the following findings in support of its
conclusion that Appellant’s probation should be revoked based upon his
violation of the terms of his probation.
[The boarding house manager] testified at the Gagnon II
hearing. He explained that he evicted [Appellant] from the
rooming house on June 21, 2013, after he discovered that
[Appellant] violated rooming house policy by allowing a female
guest, Nancy Hester, into his room.
[The boarding house manager] said that [Appellant] was aware
of the policy prohibiting female guests. Near midnight on June
21, [Appellant] got angry over the eviction and began screaming
profanities at [the manager]. [Appellant] then threatened to kill
[the manager]. He also told [the manager] that his friend Tom
would “bust him up.” This began in the occupied rooming house
and continued outside the house. The commotion caused
[another individual] to come to the scene of the shouting to see
what was going on. [The manager] was alarmed by these
threats. He went into his office, locked the door and called the
police.
Based on this evidence, [the revocation court] found that the
Commonwealth [presented sufficient evidence to demonstrate
that Appellant violated condition number nine of his probation by
failing to refrain from overt behavior.] The evidence showed
that [Appellant] threatened [the manager] with physical
violence. [Appellant’s] conduct fits the Crimes Code definition of
terroristic threats in that he “communicate[d] . . . a threat to
commit [a] crime of violence with intent to terrorize another. . .”
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2706(a)(1). There was sufficient evidence to
show evidence to show that [Appellant] violated this condition of
probation.
Trial Court Opinion, 2/28/14, at 6-7.
Our review of the certified record confirms evidentiary support for the
revocation court’s findings. See N.T., 10/15/13, at 19-35 (testimony of
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boarding house manager at revocation hearing). Hence, Appellant’s
sufficiency challenge merits no relief.
Appellant’s third and final claim asserts that the revocation court
abused its discretion by imposing a sentence that was disproportionate to
the nature of Appellant’s violation and unduly excessive. Such a claim
presents a challenge to the discretionary aspects of a sentence.
Commonwealth v. Rhoades, 8 A.3d 912, 916 (Pa. Super. 2010) (claim
that sentence is excessive is a challenge to the discretionary aspects of a
sentence).
We note that “sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of
the sentencing judge, whose judgment will not be disturbed absent an abuse
of discretion.” Commonwealth v. Ritchey, 779 A.2d 1183, 1185 (Pa.
Super. 2001). Moreover, pursuant to statute, Appellant does not have an
automatic right to appeal the discretionary aspects of his sentence. See 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b). Instead, Appellant must petition this Court for
permission to appeal the discretionary aspects of his sentence. Id.
As this Court has explained:
To reach the merits of a discretionary sentencing issue, we
conduct a four-part analysis to determine: (1) whether
appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal, Pa.R.A.P. 902,
903; (2) whether the issue was properly preserved at
sentencing or in a motion to reconsider and modify
sentence, Pa.R.Crim.P. [708]; (3) whether appellant’s brief
has a fatal defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) whether there
is a substantial question that the sentence appealed from is
not appropriate under the Sentencing Code, 42 [Pa.C.S.A.]
§ 9781(b).
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Commonwealth v. Cook, 941 A.2d 7, 11 (Pa. Super. 2007);
Commonwealth v. Kalichak, 943 A.2d 285, 289 (Pa. Super. 2008) (“when
a court revokes probation and imposes a new sentence, a criminal defendant
needs to preserve challenges to the discretionary aspects of that sentence
either by objecting during the revocation sentencing or by filing a post-
sentence motion”); Commonwealth v. Cartrette, 83 A.3d 1030, 1042 (Pa.
Super. 2013) (en banc) (“issues challenging the discretionary aspects of a
sentence [following the revocation of probation] must be raised in a post-
sentence motion or by presenting the claim to the trial court during the
sentencing proceedings. Absent such efforts, an objection to a discretionary
aspect of a sentence is waived”).
In this case, Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal and preserved his
discretionary sentencing challenge by filing a motion to reconsider his
sentence. Within Appellant’s Rule 2119(f) statement, Appellant claims that
the revocation court “violated fundamental norms underlying the sentencing
process when it imposed a sentence of total confinement for technical
violations of probation and did so without ordering a presentence report or
undertaking a meaningful presentence inquiry.” See Appellant’s Brief at 13.
Appellant, however, has only preserved the claims that the court imposed a
sentence disproportionate to the alleged violation and did so without a
meaningful presentence inquiry, as these were the only claims that were
contained in Appellant’s motion to reconsider and Rule 1925(b) statement.
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Appellant has waived his claim predicated on the court’s failure to order a
presentence report. Kalichak, 943 A.2d at 289.
We must now determine whether Appellant’s claims present a
“substantial question that the sentence appealed from is not appropriate
under the Sentencing Code.” Cook, 941 A.2d at 11. Generally, to raise a
substantial question, an appellant must “advance a colorable argument that
the trial judge’s actions were: (1) inconsistent with a specific provision of
the Sentencing Code; or (2) contrary to the fundamental norms which
underlie the sentencing process.” Commonwealth v. McKiel, 629 A.2d
1012, 1013 (Pa. Super. 1993); Commonwealth v. Goggins, 748 A.2d 721,
726 (Pa. Super. 2000) (en banc), appeal denied, 759 A.2d 920 (Pa. 2000).
As this Court has held, a claim that the sentencing court failed to
consider the rehabilitative needs of a defendant does raise a substantial
question under the Sentencing Code. Dodge IV, 77 A.3d at 1273 (“we find
that Appellant’s claim that the sentencing court disregarded rehabilitation
and the nature and circumstances of the offense in handing down its
[consecutive, standard range] sentence presents a substantial question for
our review”); see also Commonwealth v. Riggs, 63 A.3d 780, 786 (Pa.
Super. 2013) (a claim that the trial court “failed to consider relevant
sentencing criteria, including the protection of the public, the gravity of the
underlying offense and the rehabilitative needs” of the defendant, raised a
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substantial question). Therefore, we may reach the merits of Appellant’s
preserved claims.
We cannot agree with Appellant’s contention that the court abused its
discretion by imposing a disproportionate sentence without a meaningful
presentence inquiry. The thrust of Appellant’s claim is that the revocation
court focused exclusively upon the nature of Appellant’s underlying
convictions to the exclusion of any other relevant sentencing criteria. The
court’s rationale and the certified record belie this assertion. After reflecting
upon the nature of Appellant’s prior offenses, the court stated:
Repeated threats, some with a gun and knife, were intrinsic
to [Appellant’s] rapes. It was proven at the Gagnon II
hearing that [Appellant] has once again threatened to kill,
this time while in an obscenity-laced rage. The commotion
that he caused was considerable. This recent behavior
demonstrates that [Appellant] remains likely to
resort to threats and violence as he seeks what he
wants. Because there was a likelihood that
[Appellant] would engage in future criminal activity,
it was appropriate to revoke probation and impose
confinement on Count 11. Furthermore, it was proper to
impose a term of confinement of not more than four months
to not more than 24 months. This enables the state
authorities to use their discretion and gauge when
[Appellant] is appropriate for parole after a relatively short
minimum sentence.
Trial Court Opinion, 2/28/14, at 8-9 (emphasis added). Contrary to
Appellant’s contentions, the court did not look solely to past convictions. It
is evident that the court considered Appellant’s prior offenses within the
context of the present violation in order to gauge Appellant’s amenability to,
and progress toward, rehabilitation. We agree with the revocation court
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that, based upon Appellant’s present conduct, his progress is lacking. See
id. at 9 (“[Appellant] has demonstrated that he remains a danger and that
he has not been totally rehabilitated”). Given the risk posed to the
community stemming from Appellant’s likelihood to re-offend, we concur in
the court’s decision to recommit Appellant to a sentence of incarceration
followed by a lengthy probationary sentence. For these reasons, we
conclude that Appellant is not entitled to relief.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 1/26/2015
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Com. v. Evans, W.
Combined Opinion