In The
Court of Appeals
Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
No. 06-14-00053-CV
IN THE MATTER OF D.B.
On Appeal from the 6th District Court
Lamar County, Texas
Trial Court No. 4-JV-12
Before Morriss, C.J., Moseley and Burgess, JJ.
Opinion by Justice Moseley
OPINION
After a hearing on May 7, 2014, the trial court entered its order transferring D.B. from the
custody of the Texas Juvenile Justice Department 1 (TJJD) to the Texas Department of Criminal
Justice Correctional Institutions Division (TDCJ) to serve the remainder of his thirteen-year
determinate sentence. In this Court, D.B. asserts that the transfer order is unlawful because there
is no evidence that the victim of his crime was given notice of the transfer/release hearing. We
overrule D.B.’s point of error and affirm the judgment of the trial court.
I. Background
In January 2012, D.B., who was sixteen years old at the time, was charged with engaging
in delinquent conduct for the aggravated robbery of Cornelius Richardson. D.B. waived his right
to a jury, and after a hearing on March 27, 2012, D.B. was found to have engaged in delinquent
conduct by the district court, sitting as a juvenile court, and was committed to the TYC for a
determinate sentence of thirteen years. The TJJD may not retain custody of a youthful offender
beyond his nineteenth birthday. See TEX. HUM. RES. CODE ANN. § 245.151(d), (e) (West 2013).
If the youthful offender has been committed to the TJJD for conduct constituting a first degree
felony, the TJJD is prohibited from releasing him on parole without approval of the juvenile
court that entered the order of commitment unless the youthful offender has served three years of
his determine sentence. See TEX. HUM. RES. CODE ANN. § 245.051(c)(2) (West 2013). Because
D.B. would reach his nineteenth birthday before he had completed three years of his determinate
sentence for aggravated robbery, the State filed a motion to transfer D.B. to the TDCJ. See TEX.
1
The Texas Juvenile Justice Department was formerly known as the Texas Youth Commission (TYC).
2
FAM. CODE ANN. § 54.11 (West 2014); TEX. HUM. RES. CODE ANN. § 244.014 (West Supp.
2014). In its motion to transfer, the State requested that the court set a hearing and give notice of
the hearing to D.B. and his mother. D.B., his mother, and his older brother attended the hearing
and testified on D.B.’s behalf. After hearing testimony from witnesses for the State and D.B.
and considering the documentary evidence, the trial court entered its transfer order, finding it
was in the best interest of D.B. and the public that D.B. be transferred to the TDCJ to serve the
remainder of his thirteen-year sentence.
II. Notice to the Victim
On appeal, D.B. asserts only that the transfer hearing was unlawful because, he alleges,
there was no notice of the hearing given to the victim of his offense or a member of the victim’s
family as required by the Texas Family Code. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 54.11(b). Section
54.11(b) requires that the court give notice of the transfer hearing to, among others, the victim of
the offense that was a ground for the delinquent conduct disposition or a member of the victim’s
family. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 54.11(b)(5). Initially, we note that D.B. did not object at the
hearing or in any way direct the trial court’s attention to any defect related to not giving the
victim or his family member notice of the hearing. Generally, to preserve a complaint for
appellate review, a party must present a timely request, objection, or motion to the trial court that
states the specific grounds for the desired ruling. TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a); Holmes v. Concord
Homes, Ltd., 115 S.W.3d 310, 316 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2003, no pet.). If a party fails to do
this, error is not preserved. Id. The State takes the position, however, that under In re C.O.S.,
D.B. may raise this point for the first time on appeal. In re C.O.S., 988 S.W.2d 760, 767 (Tex.
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1999). We are not convinced that the rule expressed in C.O.S. is applicable in this case, 2 but
without objection from the State, we will assume, arguendo, that D.B. may raise this error for the
first time on appeal.
D.B. argues that the release/transfer hearing was unlawful because it was allegedly held
contrary to the requirements of Section 54.11(b). An action taken by a court that is contrary to a
statute or rule makes it voidable or erroneous, but not void. In re Masonite Corp., 997 S.W.2d
194, 198 (Tex. 1999) (citing Mapco, Inc. v. Forrest, 795 S.W.2d 700, 703 (Tex. 1990)
(per curiam) (orig. proceeding)); In re O.R.F., 417 S.W.3d 24, 43 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2013,
pet. denied). In order to show that the hearing and the resulting order were voidable or
erroneous, D.B. must show that the court’s action was taken contrary to the statute.
The transfer order recites that the hearing was held “after due notice had been issued on
all parties as required by Tex. Fam. Code §54.11.” We indulge every presumption in favor of
the regularity of the trial court’s judgment and the recitations therein. Breazeale v. State, 683
S.W.2d 446, 450 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984); E.V., 225 S.W.3d at 234; Gen. Elec. Capital
2
C.O.S. involved the failure of the juvenile court, at the adjudication hearing, to give the juvenile admonitory
instructions, required by statute, that included an admonishment that the juvenile adjudication could be used in a
future adult criminal prosecution and an admonishment concerning his right to confront witnesses. C.O.S., 988
S.W.2d at 762. The Texas Supreme Court, relying on Texas Court of Criminal Appeals precedent since juvenile
proceedings are quasi-criminal, held that the failure to give these admonishments required by statute could be raised
for the first time on appeal unless expressly waived by the juvenile. Id. at 767. In contrast, the release/transfer
hearing is not a trial, and the juvenile is not being adjudicated. In re J.M.O., 980 S.W.2d 811, 813 (Tex. App.—San
Antonio 1998, pet. denied). Since guilt/innocence is not being determined, the same considerations used to protect
constitutional or statutory rights are not as stringent in a release/transfer hearing. See id.; In re D.S., 921 S.W.2d
383, 387 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1996, writ dism’d w.o.j.). This would be especially true here, where the
alleged failure to give notice involved the victim, not the juvenile or his relatives. See In re E.V., 225 S.W.3d 231,
234 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2006, pet. denied); cf. In re J.L.S., 47 S.W.3d 128, 130 (Tex. App.—Waco 2001, no pet.)
(when alleged failure to give notice of hearing involved juvenile, issue could be raised for first time on appeal), with
In re B.D., 16 S.W.3d 77, 80 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2000, pet. denied) (questioning whether error
preserved when not raised at trial court).
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Assurance Co. v. Jackson, 135 S.W.3d 849 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2004, pet. denied);
B.D., 16 S.W.3d at 80; Willingham v. Farmers New World Life Ins. Co., 562 S.W.2d 526, 528
(Tex. Civ. App.—El Paso 1978, no writ). This means we will presume the recitations contained
in the transfer order are true unless the record contains controverting evidence demonstrating
their falsity. Breazeale, 683 S.W.2d at 450; E.V., 225 S.W.3d at 234; Willingham, 562 S.W.2d at
528.
In E.V., the appellant asserted that the transfer hearing was unlawful because his mother
did not receive notice of the hearing as required by Section 54.11(b)(2). E.V., 225 S.W.3d at
234; TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 54.11(b)(2). As in this case, the transfer order recited that due
notice had been issued on all parties as required by Section 54.11(b). Although there was no
affirmative showing that notice had been given to his mother, the only evidence controverting
the recitations in the order was the absence of appellant’s mother at the hearing. Under these
facts, the record supported the recitation in the order that notice had been issued on the parties as
required by the statute. E.V., 225 S.W.3d at 234–35.
In this case, D.B. does not point to any controverting evidence that shows the victim or
his family member did not receive notice. D.B. points to the fact that the victim was not at the
hearing, that the motion to transfer did not specifically request notice be given the victim, and
that the record does not reflect any notice being sent to the victim’s last known address as
evidence that notice was not given. However, while these facts may raise a suspicion, none of
them could support an inference that the notice was not issued, much less overcome the
presumption in favor of the recitation in the order that notice was issued. Further, although D.B.
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seems to imply that the State has the burden to show notice was issued, he cites no authority in
support of that proposition, and we have found none. See B.D., 16 S.W.3d at 81. Since there is
no evidence in the record to controvert the recitations in the transfer order that notice was given
to all parties as required under Section 54.11, D.B. has failed to show that the trial court acted
contrary to the requirements of the statute. 3 We overrule D.B.’s point of error.
We affirm the trial court’s order.
Bailey C. Moseley
Justice
Date Submitted: January 20, 2015
Date Decided: January 28, 2015
3
Since D.B. has not shown that the trial court erred, we need not address his argument that its error was compounded
because it was precluded from considering the protection of the victim and the victim’s family. See TEX. FAM.
CODE ANN. § 54.11(k). We note that (1) the trial court’s order recites that it considered this factor and there is no
controverting evidence demonstrating it did not, and (2) the trial court is not required to consider all the subsection
(k) factors. See In re R.G., 994 S.W.2d 309, 312 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, pet. denied).
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