Case: 14-10417 Date Filed: 01/30/2015 Page: 1 of 5
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________
No. 14-10417
Non-Argument Calendar
________________________
D.C. Docket No. 1:13-cr-20577-MGC-2
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff – Appellee,
versus
EUGENIA WILLIAMS-HILL,
Defendant – Appellant.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Florida
________________________
(January 30, 2015)
Before HULL, ROSENBAUM and BLACK, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Case: 14-10417 Date Filed: 01/30/2015 Page: 2 of 5
Eugenia Williams-Hill appeals her conviction for conspiracy to possess with
intent to distribute cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846.1 Williams-Hill raises
two issues on appeal. First, she contends the district court erred by admitting
evidence of her prior involvement in marijuana trafficking with Gary Williams and
Robert Beneby in 2011. Second, she argues the district court erred in denying her
motion for a judgment of acquittal because the government did not offer sufficient
evidence of her knowledge of the contents of the package purportedly containing
cocaine. Upon review, we affirm. 2
The district court did not plainly err in admitting the testimony regarding
Williams-Hill’s marijuana trafficking in 2011 because these prior acts were
admissible as inextricably intertwined intrinsic evidence. See United States v.
Edouard, 485 F.3d 1324, 1344 (11th Cir. 2007) (holding uncharged conduct is not
“extrinsic” evidence subject to Federal Rule of Evidence 404(b) when it is
1
Although the jury also convicted Williams-Hill for theft of mail matter by a postal
service employee, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1709, she does not challenge that conviction on
appeal. We accordingly address only her drug conspiracy conviction.
2
We review the admissibility of Gary’s testimony about Williams-Hill’s marijuana
trafficking for plain error because Williams-Hill did not contemporaneously object to the
evidence at trial. See United States v. Brown, 665 F.3d 1239, 1247 (11th Cir. 2011) (holding
overruling of motion in limine does not suffice for preservation of objection on appeal).
We review the district court’s denial of the motion for judgment of acquittal for a
manifest miscarriage of justice because Williams-Hill failed to renew her motion at the end of all
the evidence. See United States v. House, 684 F.3d 1173, 1196 (11th Cir. 2012). To reverse
under this standard, the government’s proffered trial evidence as to a “key element” of the
charged offense must be “so tenuous that the conviction is shocking.” Id. (alterations and
quotation omitted). We may affirm on any ground supported by the record. United States v.
Acuna-Reyna, 677 F.3d 1282, 1284 (11th Cir. 2012).
2
Case: 14-10417 Date Filed: 01/30/2015 Page: 3 of 5
“inextricably intertwined with the evidence regarding the charged offense”)
(quotation omitted)).3 The testimony pertained to prior acts necessary for the jury
to understand the witness’s account of Williams-Hill’s involvement in the instant
offense. Based on Gary’s testimony, Williams-Hill continued an existing role in
2013 that she began performing in 2011 as Beneby’s and Gary’s co-conspirator. In
this role, Williams-Hill intercepted and rerouted drug packages via her
employment with the United States Postal Service. Thus, Gary’s testimony about
the meeting at the Cheetah Club in 2011, where he first met Williams-Hill and
learned of her role in the marijuana scheme, was necessary for the jury to
understand Gary’s account of the 2013 cocaine transaction in which Williams-Hill
performed an identical role. The prior acts formed an “integral and natural part of
the witness’s accounts,” id. (quotation omitted), that were necessary for the jury to
comprehend Gary’s identification of Williams-Hill as the same mail carrier who
participated in the 2011 and 2013 schemes.
Gary’s testimony was not unfairly prejudicial under Federal Rule of
Evidence 403. See id. (holding inextricably intertwined evidence “must satisfy
Rule 403”). The prior acts showed Gary’s understanding of Williams-Hill’s role in
the conspiracy and explained why and how Williams-Hill helped Beneby and Gary
3
Our finding that the evidence was intrinsic makes meritless Williams-Hill’s claim that
the Government failed to timely disclose the prior acts. The Government’s duty to provide
pretrial notice of prior acts applied only to Rule 404(b) extrinsic evidence. See Fed. R. Evid.
402(b)(2).
3
Case: 14-10417 Date Filed: 01/30/2015 Page: 4 of 5
deliver the cocaine. The danger of unfair prejudice did not substantially outweigh
the highly probative value of this evidence. As such, we conclude the district court
did not err in admitting the evidence of Williams-Hill’s participation in the 2011
marijuana trafficking scheme. 4
We likewise hold the district court did not err in denying Williams-Hill’s
motion for acquittal because sufficient evidence existed for a reasonable juror to
conclude she knew or was deliberately ignorant that the package contained
cocaine. See United States v. Friske, 640 F.3d 1288, 1291 (11th Cir. 2011) (“A
jury’s verdict cannot be overturned if any reasonable construction of the evidence
would have allowed the jury to find the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable
doubt.” (quotation omitted)); United States v. Prather, 205 F.3d 1265, 1270 (11th
Cir. 2000) (“[T]he knowledge element of a violation of a criminal statute can be
proved by demonstrating either actual knowledge or deliberate ignorance.”).
Gary’s testimony, Williams-Hill’s presence in the Salvation Army parking lot with
Beneby, the falsified delivery receipts, and the text messages discovered in
Beneby’s phone were sufficient for a jury to infer the requisite mens rea. See
4
Williams-Hill challenges the prior acts evidence as incredible, untrustworthy, and
speculative. This argument lacks merit because “credibility determinations are the exclusive
province of the fact finder.” United States v. Garcia, 405 F.3d 1260, 1270 (11th Cir. 2005).
Williams-Hill also contends the prior acts were inadmissible because Gary spoke on the phone to
a government agent during a trial recess. Williams-Hill has not, however, pointed to
clearly-established, binding authority rendering the witness’s testimony inadmissible. See
United States v. Lejarde-Rada, 319 F.3d 1288, 1291 (11th Cir. 2003) (“[T]here can be no plain
error where there is no precedent from the Supreme Court or this Court directly resolving [the
issue].”).
4
Case: 14-10417 Date Filed: 01/30/2015 Page: 5 of 5
Friske, 640 F.3d at 1291 (reviewing court in sufficiency of evidence challenge
must draw “all reasonable inferences and credibility choices in the Government’s
favor” (quotation omitted)). The facts here are far from the sort of speculative or
impermissible conclusion that is so tenuous as to render Williams-Hill’s conviction
shocking.
In light of the foregoing reasons, we affirm Williams-Hill’s conviction.
AFFIRMED.
5