MEMORANDUM DECISION
Feb 05 2015, 8:13 am
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this
Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as
precedent or cited before any court except for the
purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Stacy R. Uliana Gregory F. Zoeller
Bargersville, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Ian McLean
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
William N. Perry, February 5, 2015
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Cause No.
01A05-1402-CR-55
v. Appeal from the Adams Circuit
Court
State of Indiana, The Honorable Chad E. Kukelhan,
Judge
Appellee-Plaintiff
Cause No. 01C01-1308-FC-19
Pyle, Judge
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Statement of the Case
[1] William Perry (“Perry”) appeals his conviction, after a jury trial, for child
molesting as a Class C felony1 and intimidation as a Class D felony.2 First, he
claims that the trial court abused its discretion and committed reversible error
by striking a portion of his opening statement. Second, he claims the trial court
committed reversible error by admitting into evidence an “unduly prejudicial”
video showing the inside of his home and allowing the State to present a
“drumbeat repetition” of hearsay to bolster the victim’s credibility. Concluding
that the trial court committed none of the alleged errors, we affirm Perry’s
convictions.
We affirm.
Issues
[2] 1. Whether the trial court abused its discretion when it struck a portion of
Perry’s opening statement.
2. Whether the trial court abused its discretion in admitting evidence.
1
IND. CODE § 35-42-4-3 (2007). We note that, effective July 1, 2014, a new version of this child molesting
statute was enacted and that Class C felony child molesting is now a Level 3 felony. Because Perry
committed his crimes in 2013, we will apply the statute in effect at that time.
2
IND. CODE § 35-45-2-1 (2013). Again, we note that, effective July 1, 2014, a new version of this
intimidation statute was enacted, and Class D felony intimidation is now a Level 6 felony. We apply the
statute in effect at the time of Perry’s crimes.
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Facts
[3] On July 23, 2013, nine-year-old C.B. went to homes in his neighborhood
looking to make money by doing yard work. C.B. went to five houses in his
neighborhood and did not find any work to do. C.B. walked to Perry’s home,
saw that he was outside, and asked Perry if he could do any work. Perry agreed
to have C.B. pick up sticks in his yard for two dollars.
[4] After C.B. picked up the sticks, Perry paid him two dollars and gave him a
bottle of water. C.B. did not take the water because it was already opened.
Perry then told C.B. that his basement needed to be cleaned. C.B. went to the
basement, and Perry went to the kitchen to get a beer and talk to his wife. Perry
then joined C.B. in the basement.
[5] Once in the basement, Perry asked C.B. if he could see his “private” and if he
liked girls or boys. (Tr. 205). Perry then rubbed C.B.’s groin area in a circular
motion with his hand and touched his buttocks. C.B. told Perry that he was
scared and asked if he could go home. Perry told C.B. that he could go home,
but before C.B. left the house, Perry got on his knees and prayed. Perry also
implied that he would kill C.B. if he told anyone what happened in the
basement.
[6] C.B. went back to his house. When C.B. came in, his mother, C.S., noticed
that he was crying hysterically. C.S. asked C.B. what was wrong, and C.B. told
her that he wanted to talk to her privately. C.S. asked C.B. to give her a few
minutes before they talked, and C.B. went to a bedroom where he told his
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cousin, H.Y., what happened in Perry’s basement. Ten minutes later, C.B. told
his mother what happened at Perry’s house. C.S. did not call the police.
Instead, she took C.B. to a previously scheduled doctor’s appointment.
[7] At the doctor’s office, C.B. told Dr. Jessamine Hippensteel (“Dr. Hippensteel”)
that Perry touched his groin on the outside of his pants and threatened to kill
him if he told anyone what Perry did. Dr. Hippensteel told C.S. that she was
required to report C.B.’s allegations to the local Department of Child Services.
[8] On August 15, 2013, the State charged Perry with child molesting as a Class C
felony and intimidation as a Class D felony. On January 2, 2014, a two-day
jury trial began. After the State made its opening statement, Perry gave his
opening statement and concluded as follows:
Thank you. And in the end, when you go back into the jury room and
you have a chance to deliberate, you’re going to, I want you to look at
all the evidence, recall all the testimony, understand what the State’s
burden is, and the only choice you’re going to have is to come back
with a verdict of not guilty on both counts because quite frankly, it just
simply didn’t happen. Thank you.
[9] (Tr. 198). The State objected and claimed that Perry’s attorney gave an
opinion. Perry’s attorney responded that he made his statement based on the
evidence. After a sidebar, the court sustained the State’s objection and
admonished the jury as follows:
I’m going to sustain the objection. I’m going to strike the part where
Mr. Weber interjected his opinion. So you guys heard what I said in
the preliminary instructions, right? [When] I say strike, you ignore
that part of that. The rest of his statement, you can take into
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consideration or listen to but the other part, the part where he said it
did not happen, that needs to be stricken. You understand? Jury?
[sic]. Okay. Very good. Okay. Alright. Mr. Harvey.
[10] (Tr. 199). After the presentation of evidence, the jury found Perry guilty as
charged. Perry now appeals. We will provide additional facts as necessary.
Decision
1. Opening Statement
[11] Perry argues that the trial court abused its discretion in limiting his opening
statement, alleging that it violated a number of his constitutional rights by doing
so. INDIANA CODE 35-37-2-2(1) provides that an opening statement must be
made by the prosecuting attorney during which he or she “shall state the case of
the prosecution and briefly state the evidence by which he [or she] expects to
support it, and the defense may then state his defense and briefly state the
evidence he [or she] expects to offer in support of his defense.”
[12] It is well settled that the purpose of an opening statement is to inform
the jury of the charges and the contemplated evidence. Its scope and
content are within the sound discretion of the trial judge and a cause
will not be reversed unless a clear abuse of discretion is shown.
[13] Vanyo v. State, 450 N.E.2d 524, 526 (Ind. 1983) (internal citations omitted). An
irregularity in opening statements is not cause for reversal unless some
prejudice results to the defendant. Splunge v. State, 526 N.E.2d 977, 981 (Ind.
1988).
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[14] Here, the stricken portion of Perry’s opening statement, when considered in
context, appears to be permissible preview of the case based on the anticipated
evidence and not any special knowledge of Perry’s attorney. However, we still
find no clear abuse of discretion. The trial court struck the phrase “it did not
happen,” but told the jury to consider the rest of the opening statement, which
focused on the credibility of the witnesses. In addition, the trial court instructed
the jury as follows:
The trial of this case will proceed as follows: first, the attorneys will
have the opportunity to make opening statements. These statements are
not evidence and should only be considered as a preview of what the attorneys
will expect the evidence will be. . . . When the evidence is completed, the
attorneys may make final arguments. These final arguments are not
evidence.
[15] (Tr. 191) (emphasis added). Given that the trial court only struck four words
from Perry’s opening statement, and that its instructions to the jury informed
them that the opening statements and final arguments of counsel were not
evidence, no reversible error occurred. See, e.g. Splunge, 526 N.E.2d at 981-82
(no reversible error during opening statement where the trial court instructed
the jury that statements of counsel during opening and closing arguments were
not evidence); See also Boyde v. California, 494 U.S. 370, 384 (1990) (arguments
of counsel generally carry less weight with a jury than instructions from the trial
court).
2. Admission of Evidence
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[16] Perry argues that the trial court abused its discretion in admitting a video of the
inside of his home because it was unfairly prejudicial. At trial, C.B. and the
investigating detective described Perry’s house as messy and smelling of dog
urine and feces. The State played a video showing the inside of the home
depicting clutter and stacks of paper to the point that officers had to follow a
designated path through Perry’s home. Perry claims that the video is unduly
prejudicial because the “condition of the inside of [his] home was in such a state
that it could reflect upon his mental state and could lead a juror to believe he is
unstable enough to commit such an act against a child.” (Perry’s Br. 14).
[17] Indiana Evidence Rule 403 provides:
Although relevant, evidence may be excluded if its probative value is
substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion
of the issues, or misleading the jury, or by considerations of undue
delay, or needless presentation of cumulative evidence.
[18] All evidence that is relevant to a criminal prosecution is inherently prejudicial,
and thus an Evidence Rule 403 inquiry boils down to a balance of the probative
value of the proffered evidence against the likely unfair prejudicial impact of
that evidence. Carter v. State, 766 N.E.2d 377, 382 (Ind. 2002) (citing Richmond
v. State, 685 N.E.2d 54, 55-56 (Ind. 1997)). “When determining the likely
unfair prejudicial impact, courts will look for the dangers that the jury will (1)
substantially overestimate the value of the evidence or (2) that the evidence will
arouse or inflame the passions or sympathies of the jury.” Id. (citing Evans v.
State, 643 N.E.2d 877, 880 (Ind. 1994)).
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[19] Here, the video has probative value in that it corroborates the descriptions of
Perry’s home given by C.B. and the investigating detective. As for the danger
of unfair prejudice, Perry’s counsel invited the error he now complains of by
making the following comments in the presence of the jury when the video was
offered into evidence: “If he lived in a 4,200 square foot house that was
immaculate and marble floors and chandeliers everywhere, it gives the
impression that man, this guy, he’s really got everything together. I can’t
believe these allegations.” (Tr. 312). A party may not invite error, and then
later argue that the error supports reversal; error invited by the complaining
party is not reversible error. Kingery v. State, 659 N.E.2d 490, 464 (Ind. 1995).
The trial court did not err by admitting the video into evidence.
[20] Finally, Perry claims that C.B.’s testimony and the testimony of his mother,
cousin, case worker, forensic interviewer, and the detective created an
impermissible “drumbeat repetition” of C.B.’s allegations. Perry did not object
to testimony from any of the witnesses at trial. “As a general rule, failure to
object at trial results in waiver of an issue for purposes of appeal.” Washington
v. State, 840 N.E.2d 873, 886 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006), trans. denied. However,
Perry claims the trial court committed fundamental error in allowing this
testimony. Fundamental error is an error that makes “a fair trial impossible or
constitute[s] clearly blatant violations of basic principles of due process . . .
present[ing] an undeniable and substantial potential for harm.” Benson v. State,
762 N.E.2d 748, 756 (Ind. 2002).
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[21] Waiver notwithstanding, we find that no drumbeat repetition occurred. Under
the Patterson rule, “prior out-of-court statements, not under oath, were
admissible as substantive evidence if the declarant was present and available for
cross-examination at the time of the admission of such statements.” Modesitt v.
State, 578 N.E.2d 649, 651 (Ind. 1991) (citing Patterson v. State, 324 N.E.2d 482,
484 (Ind. 1975)). In Modesitt, our supreme court overturned this rule and
adopted Federal Rule of Evidence 801(d)(1), holding that:
[F]rom this point forward, a prior statement is admissible as
substantive evidence only if the declarant testifies at trial and is subject
to cross examination concerning the statement, and the statement is (a)
inconsistent with the declarant’s testimony, and was given under oath
subject to the penalty of perjury at a trial, hearing, or other preceding,
or in a deposition, or (b) consistent with the declarant’s testimony and
is offered to rebut an express or implied charge against the declarant of
recent fabrication or improper influence or motive, or (c) one of
identification of a person made after perceiving the person.
[22] Id. at 653-54. The court adopted this rule to prevent “abuses” in the use of a
witness’s prior consistent statements, such as by bolstering “the testimony of
what might otherwise be regarded as a weak witness” and prohibiting
“[n]umerous witnesses [from testifying] to the same statement given by a
particular witness, thereby creating the prohibited drumbeat of repetition.” Id.
at 653. Typically, where multiple witnesses are allowed to present a victim’s
out-of-court statements before the victim testifies, a prejudicial drumbeat
repetition of hearsay will have occurred. See Kindred v. State, 973 N.E.2d 1245,
1256-57 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012), trans. denied; Stone v. State, 536 N.E.2d 534, 539-
40 (Ind. Ct. App. 1989), trans. denied.
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[23] Here, the only witness to repeat C.B.’s allegation was Dr. Hippensteel, whom
Perry does not mention in making his argument. In addition, Dr. Hippensteel
testified after C.B. The rest of the witnesses recounted their observations of
C.B. without repeating any potentially inflammatory accusations. Accordingly,
we find no error let alone fundamental error.
[24] Finding no abuse of discretion in any of the alleged errors, we affirm Perry’s
convictions.
[25] Affirmed.
Najam, J., and Bailey, J., concur.
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