IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
IN AND FOR NEW CASTLE COUNTY
STATE OF DELAWARE, )
)
)
v. ) ID. Nos. 1101020888 &1102008321
)
)
DARRELL T. REDDEN )
Submitted: December 9, 2014
Decided: February 16, 2015
OPINION
Upon Defendant, Darrell T. Redden’s,
Motion for Sentence Reduction or Modification,
DENIED.
Joseph S. Grubb, Esquire, Deputy Attorney General, Department of Justice,
Wilmington, Delaware, for the State of Delaware.
Michael W. Modica, Esquire, Wilmington, Delaware, for Defendant Darrell T.
Redden.
WALLACE, J.
I. INTRODUCTION
Before the Court is Defendant, Darrell T. Redden’s, motion for sentence
reduction and modification. Redden was sentenced on June 6, 2011 and now, for
the second time, asks the Court to reduce the length of his imprisonment. He also,
for the first time, seeks modification of his term of partial confinement. Because
Redden’s application to reduce his sentence of imprisonment is procedurally
barred, it must be DENIED. And after review of the merits of his lone viable
claim, the Court, exercising its discretion under Rule 35(b), DENIES Redden’s
request for modification of the conditions of his term of partial confinement.
II. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND 1
In late January 2011, Darrell T. Redden’s car was stopped by the police for
traffic violations. Redden gave the police officer a false name (his brother’s), and
was detained while the officer tried to confirm his actual identity. When searched,
Redden was found to have $2,500 cash on him and a digital scale in his boot.
Though no actual drugs were found therein, a drug-sniffing dog “hit” on Redden’s
car. Redden was arrested and made bail.
1
The facts of Redden’s offenses are drawn from his own prior postconviction motion. See
Memorandum in Support of Post-conviction Relief Motion, State v. Darrell T. Redden, ID No.
11020008321 (Del. Super. Ct. June 15, 2012) (D.I. 23). The procedural history is derived from
the Court’s thorough review of the parties’ filings in the instant sentence reduction proceeding,
the Court’s files, and the complete sentencing record relating to the three cases involved.
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Law enforcement meanwhile continued investigating Redden, suspecting
that he was engaged in illegal drug sales. A baggie with cocaine residue was
discovered during a “trash pull” of discarded garbage at Redden’s home. A later
search of his residence yielded a loaded semi-automatic handgun. Redden, a
person prohibited due to previous felony convictions, was arrested for the illegal
possession of this weapon. At the time, he had pending drug charges and was
pending a hearing for violating the terms of probated sentences previously imposed
in other matters.
Redden pleaded guilty on June 6, 2011 to Possession of Ammunition by a
Person Prohibited and Maintaining a Vehicle for Keeping a Controlled Substance.
He was sentenced that same day to serve: Possession of Ammunition by a Person
Prohibited – eight years at Level V suspended after serving three years for five
years at Level IV (Home Confinement or Halfway House) suspended after serving
six months at Level IV for 18 months of Level III; and Maintaining a Vehicle –
three years at Level V suspended for 18 months of Level III. 2
2
See Plea Agreement and TIS Guilty Plea Form, State v. Darrell T. Redden, ID Nos.
1102008321 & 1101020888 (Del. Super. Ct. June 6, 2011). By this time, Redden had been
before the Court for a contested hearing for violating conditions of his probated sentences
(“VOP”) arising from earlier drug delivery and felony assault convictions. He was found in
violation due, in part, to his new criminal conduct and was sentenced to serve four years of
imprisonment followed by probation. See VOP Sentencing Order, State v. Darrell Redden, ID
Nos. 0807046644 & 0705019473 (Del. Super. Ct. March 23, 2011). The existence of the VOP
sentence is cited as a basis for reduction of the subject sentence, but the VOP sentence itself is
not contested in this proceeding. Nor is Redden’s sentence for the maintaining a vehicle charge.
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On April 13, 2012, Redden docketed his first motion under Superior Court
Criminal Rule 35(b) requesting reduction of this Level V term. This relief was
appropriate, he urged, because: (1) he was “misguided” and “wrongly informed”
by his counsel; (2) his sentence exceeded SENTAC guidelines; and (3) given the
guidelines and his VOP sentence, his sentence was “a bit harsh” – he “was
sentenced too severely.” 3 The Court considered Redden’s application under the
provisions of Criminal Rule 35(b),4 Redden’s “presentence report/prior record, and
the sentence imposed upon [him].” 5 The Court denied Redden’s motion because:
(1) it “was filed more than 90 days after the imposition of [his] sentence and [wa]s,
therefore, time-barred”; (2) the Court “d[id] not find the existence of any
extraordinary circumstances” to overcome the 90-day time limitation; and (3) the
Court found the sentence “is appropriate for all the reasons stated at the time of
sentencing” and there was “[n]o additional information . . . provided to the Court . .
. warrant[ing] a reduction or modification of this sentence.” 6
3
D.I. 19.
4
Jones v. State, 2003 WL 21210348, at *1 (Del. May 22, 2003) (“There is no separate
procedure, other than that which is provided under Superior Court Criminal Rule 35, to reduce or
modify a sentence.”).
5
State v. Darrell T. Redden, ID No. 1102008321 (Del. Super. Ct. May 14, 2012)
(ORDER) (denying first Rule 35(b) motion) (D.I. 20).
6
Id.
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On August 4, 2014—over three years after his sentence was imposed—
Redden filed this second Rule 35(b) motion for sentence reduction or modification.
This time through counsel, Redden seeks a suspension or reduction of the Level V
portion of his sentence, or, alternatively, a suspension of a portion of his sentence
for completion of the Level V Key program. He also requests the Level IV portion
of his sentence be designated home confinement. 7
III. DISCUSSION
When considering a motion for sentence reduction under Rule 35(b), this
Court addresses any applicable procedural bars before turning to the merits. 8 This
policy protects the integrity of the Court’s rules and the finality of its sentencing
judgments. 9 While “[a]ddressing the merits of a case that does not meet
procedural requirements effectively renders our procedural rules meaningless.”10
So when the Court does decide Rule 35’s procedural requirements are met or a
procedural bar is either applicable or is overcome, it should do so with
7
Def.’s Mot. to Modify Sent., at 1-2, 5; Def.’s Supp. Ltr. of Dec. 9, 2014, at 1 (D.I. 39).
8
State v. Reed, 2014 WL 7148921, at *3 (Del. Super. Ct. Dec. 16, 2014).
9
See State v. Johnson, 2006 WL 3872849, at *3 (Del. Super. Ct. Dec. 7, 2006) (purpose
and structure of sentence reduction rules “is to uphold the finality of sentences”). See also ABA
STANDARDS FOR CRIMINAL JUSTICE: SENTENCING §18-7.1 (3d ed. 1994) (“The rules of procedure
should authorize a sentencing court, upon motion . . . to reduce the severity of any sentence. The
rules should restrict the time for reduction in severity of a sentence to a specified period after
imposition of a sentence.”).
10
Reed, 2014 WL 7148921, at *3.
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“particularity sufficient to discharge [the judge’s] ‘duty to make a record to show
what factors [were] considered and the reasons for [the] decision.’” 11
The provisions of this Court’s Criminal Rule 35(b) pertinent to Redden’s
motion state:
Reduction of sentence. The court may reduce a sentence of
imprisonment on a motion made within 90 days after the sentence is
imposed. . . . The court will consider an application made more than
90 days after the imposition of sentence only in extraordinary
circumstances or pursuant to 11 Del. C. § 4217. The court will not
consider repetitive requests for reduction of sentence. The court may .
. . reduce the . . . term or conditions of partial confinement or
probation, at any time.
It is this language that controls the Court’s consideration of Redden’s present
application. 12
A. Redden Can Only Have His Sentence of Imprisonment Reduced If
He Demonstrates Extraordinary Circumstances Exist that Excuse
His Untimely Rule 35(b) Motion.
The purpose of Superior Court Criminal Rule 35(b) historically has been to
provide a reasonable period for the Court to consider alteration of its sentencing
judgments. 13 Where a motion for reduction of sentence of imprisonment is filed
within 90 days of sentencing, the Court has broad discretion to decide if it should
11
B.E.T., Inc. v. Bd. of Adjustment of Sussex County, 499 A.2d 811, 811 (Del. 1985) (per
curiam) (quoting Storey v. Camper, 401 A.2d 458, 466 (Del. 1979)).
12
See supra note 4.
13
Johnson v. State, 234 A.2d 447, 448 (Del. 1967) (per curiam).
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alter its judgment. 14 “The reason for such a rule is to give a sentencing judge a
second chance to consider whether the initial sentence is appropriate.” 15
Rule 35(b) requires that an application to reduce imprisonment be filed
promptly 16 – i.e. within 90 days of the sentence’s imposition – “otherwise, the
Court loses jurisdiction” to act thereon. 17 An exception to this bar exists: to
overcome the 90-day time limitation, an inmate seeking to reduce a sentence of
imprisonment on his or her own motion must demonstrate “extraordinary
circumstances.”18 A heavy burden is placed on the inmate to establish
“extraordinary circumstances” in order to “uphold the finality of sentences.” 19
14
Hewett v. State, 2014 WL 5020251, at *1 (Del. Oct. 7, 2014) (“When, as here, a motion
for reduction of sentence is filed within ninety days of sentencing, the Superior Court has broad
discretion to decide whether to alter its judgment.”).
15
State v. Remedio, -- A.3d --, --, 2014 WL 7476400, at *3 (Del. Super. Ct. 2014) (internal
citations omitted).
16
See, e.g., R.I. Super. Ct. R. Crim. P. 35, historical note (1972) (noting such a provision is
“intended to provide the court with an opportunity during a limited period after sentencing to
exercise leniency in the event the court, for some reason, determines that the sentence imposed
was unduly severe or a shorter sentence would be desirable”).
17
In re Nichols, 2004 WL 1790142, at *1 (Del. Super. Ct. July 20, 2004); see also State v.
Lewis, 797 A.2d 1198, 1205 (Del. 2002) (Steele, J., dissenting) (“after 90 days . . . the judiciary
may not consider [an inmate’s plea for leniency] except where ‘extraordinary circumstances’
may have prevented the applicant from seeking the remedy on a timely basis”).
18
Sample v. State, 2012 WL 193761, at *1 (Del. Jan. 23, 2012) (“Under Rule 35(b), the
Superior Court only has discretion to reduce a sentence upon motion made within 90 days of the
imposition of sentence, unless ‘extraordinary circumstances’ are shown.”) (emphasis added).
19
State v. Johnson, 2006 WL 3872849, at *3 (Del. Super. Ct. Dec. 7, 2006).
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Recognizing his untimeliness, Redden tries to cast his claims of “good faith effort
towards his rehabilitation” as “extraordinary circumstances.” 20
B. Rehabilitative Efforts Do Not Constitute “Extraordinary
Circumstances” As Would Justify A Sentence Reduction.
While this Court exercises broad discretion in determining whether a
situation or set of individual factors can be viewed as constituting “extraordinary
circumstances” permitting consideration of an untimely Rule 35(b) motion, 21 that
term does have certain lineamental features defining it. “Extraordinary
circumstances” are those which “specifically justify the delay”; are “entirely
beyond a petitioner’s control”; and “have prevented the applicant from seeking the
remedy on a timely basis.”22
Redden fails to acknowledge that “[w]hile participation in rehabilitation
programs is commendable, it is well-settled that such participation, in and of itself,
is insufficient to merit substantive review of an untimely motion for sentence
reduction.”23 There are, at least, two reasons for this.
20
Def.’s Mot. to Modify Sent., at 3. Redden also argues that: (1) his sentence is “arguably
excessive,” “disproportionate,” and “exorbitant”; and (2) his extended family is in need of his
support. Id.; Def.’s Supp. Ltr. of Sept. 11, 2014, at 2 (D.I. 37); Ex. to Def.’s Supp. Ltr. of Dec.
9, 2014, at 2 (D.I. 39).
21
State v. Lewis, 797 A.2d 1198, 1202 (Del. 2002)).
22
State v. Remedio, -- A.3d --, --, 2014 WL 7476400, at *4 (Del. Super. Ct. 2014) (quoting
Lewis, 797 A.2d at 1203, 1205) (emphasis in original).
23
Triplett v. State, 2008 WL 802284, at *1 (Del. Mar. 27, 2008); see also Sweeten v. State,
2011 WL 2362597 (Del. June 13, 2011); Boyer v. State, 2010 WL 2169511 (Del. May 18, 2010);
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First, an inmate’s rehabilitative efforts are “entirely [within] a petitioner’s
control”; 24 they do meet the accepted Lewis definition.
Second, the language of the sentence reduction rule forecloses a claim of
rehabilitation as an “extraordinary circumstance.” Rule 35(b) expressly provides
that the Superior Court may reduce a sentence upon application outside of 90 days
of the imposition of the sentence “only in extraordinary circumstances or pursuant
to 11 Del. C. § 4217.” 25 Cause to reduce an inmate’s level of custody or time to
be served via a § 4217 application includes “rehabilitation of the offender.” 26 The
normal rules of statutory construction and interpretation are equally applicable to
both Rule 35(b) and § 4217.27 An enacting or adopting “body is presumed to have
inserted every provision for some useful purpose and construction, and when
different terms are used in various parts of a [rule] it is reasonable to assume that a
Morgan v. State, 2009 WL 1279107 (Del. May 11, 2009); Jones v. State, 2003 WL 356788 (Del.
Feb. 14, 2003); Allen v. State, 2002 WL 31796351 (Del. Dec. 11, 2002); State v. Liket, 2002 WL
31133101, at *2 (Del. Super. Ct. Sept. 25, 2002) (“Exemplary conduct and/or successful
rehabilitation while imprisoned do not qualify as ‘extraordinary circumstances’ within the
purview of Rule 35 and are insufficient grounds for supporting a Rule 35 reduction of
sentence.”).
24
Lewis, 797 A.2d at 1205.
25
Super. Ct. Crim. R. 35(b) (emphasis added).
26
DEL. CODE ANN. tit. 11, §§ 4217(b)-(c) (2014).
27
Lewis, 797 A.2d at 1201.
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distinction between the terms was intended.” 28 Thus, when Rule 35(b) expressly
sets forth two different circumstances under which the Court is empowered to
reduce a sentence more than 90 days after its imposition, it must be viewed as two
distinct exceptions to the 90-day bar. That the predicate of what constitutes
“extraordinary circumstances” is separate and distinct from the factors supporting
review under 11 Del. C. § 4217 is obvious from the disjunctive language of the
rule. 29 In short, it is clear from the rule’s language itself that alleged rehabilitation
is not the stuff of which a claim of “extraordinary circumstances” is made.30
Instead, such claims are properly addressed under title 11, section 4217. 31
C. Redden’s Motion, Because It Is Repetitive, Is Expressly Barred by
Rule 35(b).
Also found in Rule 35(b) is a separate and more unforgiving bar: “[t]he
[C]ourt will not consider repetitive requests for reduction of sentence.” 32 Unlike
28
Giuricich v. Emtrol Corp., 449 A.2d 232, 238 (Del. 1982) (internal quotation omitted).
29
See Dennis v. State, 41 A.3d 391, 394 (Del. 2012) (use of the disjunctive “or”
consistently understood as distinguishing alternative elements).
30
State v. Liket, 2002 WL 31133101, at *2 (Del. Super. Ct. Sept. 25, 2002) (“[S]ince the
purpose of 11 Del. C. § 4217 is to directly address modification of sentence based on a
defendant’s rehabilitation efforts, and 11 Del. C. § 4217 is included within the constructs of Rule
(35), it is evident that 11 Del. C. § 4217 is the appropriate governing statute through which
Defendant may be entitled to a reduction in his sentence based on rehabilitation.”).
31
Henry v. State, 2009 WL 3286068, at *1 (Del. Oct. 13, 2009). Ketchum v. State, 2002
WL 1290900 (Del. June 10, 2002) (completion of numerous programs not “extraordinary
circumstances”; instead such circumstances might warrant court to instruct defendant to seek
DOC’s recommendation for 11 Del. C. §4217 relief); Liket, supra note 30.
32
Super. Ct. Crim. R. 35(b) (emphasis added).
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the 90-day jurisdictional limit with its “extraordinary circumstances” exception,
the bar to repetitive motions has no exception. 33 Instead, this bar is absolute and
flatly “prohibits repetitive requests for reduction of sentence.” 34
Redden filed his first motion for sentence reduction under Rule 35(b) in
April 2012, 35 which the Court denied. Redden filed this second Rule 35(b) motion
in August 2014. Even if Redden’s untimeliness were excusable, “th[is] . . . Court
[i]s, nevertheless, compelled to deny the motion as repetitive.” 36 Thus, relief on
this, Redden’s second reduction request, is also “barred by the prohibition in Rule
35(b) on repetitive motions.”37
33
See Giuricich v. Emtrol Corp., 449 A.2d 232, 238 (Del. 1982) (“[W]here a provision is
expressly included in one section of a statute, but is omitted from another, it is reasonable to
assume that the Legislature was aware of the omission and intended it.”); See also Adoption of
Swanson, 623 A.2d 1095, 1097 (Del. 1993) (citing Giuricich, 449 A.2d at 238) (“A court may
not engraft upon a statute language which has been clearly excluded therefrom.”).
34
Thomas v. State, 2002 WL 31681804, at *1 (Del. Nov. 25, 2002). See also Jenkins v.
State, 2008 WL 2721536, at *1 (Del. July 14, 2008) (Rule 35(b) “prohibits the filing of repetitive
sentence reduction motions”); Morrison v. State, 2004 WL 716773, at *2 (Del. Mar. 24, 2004)
(“motion was repetitive, which also precluded its consideration by the Superior Court”); Duffy v.
State, 1998 WL 985332, at *1 (Del. Nov. 12, 1998) (as court had denied original, timely Rule
35(b) motion, “Rule 35(b) ceased to be a viable option” for seeking sentence reduction).
35
While Redden is correct that he “did not file a motion within 90 days of the sentence,”
see Def.’s Mot. to Modify Sent., at 2, he must acknowledge, as he did before this Court
previously, that this is not his first Rule 35(b) motion. See Memorandum in Support of Post-
conviction Relief Motion, State v. Darrell T. Redden, ID No. 11020008321, at 5 (Del. Super. Ct.
June 15, 2012) (“The defendant filed a timely Motion for Modification of Sentence pursuant to
Superior Court Criminal Rule 35(b).”).
36
Cochran v. State, 2005 WL 3357633, at *1 (Del. Dec. 8, 2005).
37
Davis v. State, 1999 WL 486736, at *1 (Del. May 10, 1999).
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D. Redden’s Level IV Period Remains An Appropriate Term Imposed
To Facilitate His Transition Back Into Society.
Redden also requests that the Level IV portion of his sentence be designated
home confinement.38 A motion for modification of partial confinement or
probation is not subject to the ninety-day limitation applicable to a motion for
reduction of imprisonment. 39 In fact, there are no Rule 35(b) bars to consideration
of this request by Redden.40 Here the Court imposed a Level IV term to be served
either at a halfway house or on home confinement. A Level IV term, i.e. a period
in a highly structured community-based supervision setting, is a component of
Redden’s sentence that is integral to the Court’s overall “sentencing scheme” or
“plan.” 41
The Court has fully reviewed Redden’s application (and supplementary
letters), the record in his case, Redden’s supervision history, and all sentencing
information available. The Court finds the challenged aspect of its sentence
38
Def.’s Mot. to Modify Sent., at 1-2, 5.
39
Benge v. State, 101 A.3d 973, 977 (Del. 2014).
40
Super. Ct. Crim. R. 35(b) (“Reduction of Sentence. . . . The court may . . . reduce the . . .
term or conditions of partial confinement or probation, at any time.”) (emphasis added). See
Teat v. State, 2011 WL 4839042, at *1 (Del. Oct. 12, 2011) (finding this Court erred in holding
that motion for modification of Level IV time was subject to ninety-day period); Iverson v. State,
2009 WL 2054563 (Del. July 16, 2009) (same).
41
See Defoe v. State, 750 A.2d 1200, 1202 (Del. 2000).
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remains appropriate and will permit the Department of Correction to exercise its
discretion in placing him in the most appropriate available Level IV setting when
his incarcerative term is complete. In turn, the Court will exercise its discretion42
under Rule 35(b) and deny Redden’s request to reduce or modify the Level IV
term of his sentence.
IV. CONCLUSION
Redden’s application to reduce his sentence of imprisonment is procedurally
barred and must be DENIED. Having reviewed the merits of his request to modify
his Level IV term, the Court, exercising its discretion under Rule 35(b), DENIES
Redden’s request for modification of the conditions of his partial confinement
term.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
/s/ Paul R. Wallace
Paul R. Wallace, Judge
Original to Prothonotary
cc: Investigative Services Office
42
Rondon v. State, 2008 WL 187964, at *1 (Del. Jan. 15, 2008) (“The merit of a sentence
modification under Rule 35(b) is directed to the sound discretion of the Superior Court.”).
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