J-S01006-15
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee :
:
v. :
:
ALEXANDER SCOTT BOLYNN, :
:
Appellant : No. 87 WDA 2014
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence entered on November 26, 2013
in the Court of Common Pleas of Erie County,
Criminal Division, No. CP-25-CR-0000863-2013
BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., JENKINS and MUSMANNO, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 19, 2015
Alexander Scott Bolynn (“Bolynn”) appeals from the judgment of
sentence imposed following his convictions of Robbery, Simple Assault,
Terroristic Threats, Receiving Stolen Property, False Identification,
Intimidation of Witnesses or Victims, and Possession of Drug Paraphernalia.1
We affirm the convictions, vacate the sentence, and remand for re-
sentencing.
In March 2013, the victim, Gabrielle Taylor (“Taylor”), reported that
two white males entered her apartment with towels covering their faces and
pointed a gun at her. Taylor reported that the two men took several items
from her apartment, including her laptop, wallet, cell phone, and jewelry.
Erie Police Corporal Geoffrey Filutze (“Corporal Filutze”) was on duty at the
1
18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3701, 2701, 2706, 3925, 4914, 4952; 35 P.S. § 780-
113(a)(32).
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time of the robbery, and was able to reach Taylor’s apartment within one
minute of being dispatched. Patrolman Steve DeLuca (“Patrolman DeLuca”)
was also on duty, and responded to the report. While canvassing the area
surrounding Taylor’s apartment, Patrolman DeLuca saw Bolynn, who
matched Taylor’s description of one of the perpetrators, appear from
between two houses about one block away. Patrolman DeLuca stopped his
police car next to Bolynn, and thereafter approached Bolynn on the sidewalk.
While talking to Bolynn, Patrolman DeLuca received an update from Corporal
Filutze that one of the suspects was wearing a blue hat with the letter “P”
printed on it. Patrolman DeLuca observed that Bolynn was wearing a hat
matching that description. Corporal Filutze escorted Taylor to Patrolman
DeLuca’s location, where she identified Bolynn as one of the robbers.
Thereafter, Bolynn was arrested, and subsequently charged with the above-
mentioned offenses.
Following a jury trial, Bolynn was convicted of the above-mentioned
crimes. The trial court sentenced Bolynn to 7 years, 2 months to 14 years,
4 months in prison. Bolynn filed a Post-Sentence Motion, which the trial
court denied. Bolynn filed a timely Notice of Appeal and a timely court-
ordered Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(b) Concise
Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal.
On appeal, Bolynn raises the following questions for our review:
I. Whether the [trial court] erred when it denied [Bolynn’s]
Omnibus Pre-trial Motions and thereby ruled that [Bolynn’s]
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constitutional rights had not been violated by the City of Erie
Police, specifically that the stop and/or search of [Bolynn] was
constitutional (i.e., that the City of Erie Police had reasonable
suspicion and/or probable cause)[?]
II. Whether the identification of [Bolynn] as the alleged
perpetrator was tainted[,] as [Bolynn’s appearance] barely
matched the description of the alleged perpetrators given to law
enforcement by [Taylor] and/or her neighbor on the night in
question[?]
III. Whether the verdict goes against the sufficiency of the
evidence because the Commonwealth’s primary witnesses,
[Taylor] and her neighbor, contradicted themselves [on] multiple
occasions on factual matters[,] and that those factual matters
were a substantial deviation from what the Commonwealth
alleged happened, and/or therefore the Commonwealth cannot
meet the beyond a reasonable doubt burden of proof; and
specifically: at Counts 1 (Robbery), 2 (Simple Assault), 3
(Terroristic Threats), and 4 (Receiving Stolen Property), the
Commonwealth could not and/or did not prove that [Bolynn]
and/or another perpetrator assaulted, restrained and/or
threatened the victim in any way[;] in fact[,] the evidence
showed that another perpetrator or perpetrators may have
committed the instant offenses, and not [Bolynn?]
IV. [Whether] the verdict goes against the weight of the
evidence because the Commonwealth’s primary witnesses,
[Taylor] and a neighbor, contradicted themselves [on] multiple
occasions on factual matters[,] and that those factual matters
were a substantial deviation from what the Commonwealth
alleged happened, and therefore the Commonwealth cannot
present any credible witnesses with actual knowledge and/or
information[,] and/or the Commonwealth cannot meet the
beyond a reasonable doubt burden of proof[?]
V. [Whether the trial court] erred at time of sentencing [because
Bolynn’s] aggregate sentence comprised [] consecutive
sentences, which is manifestly excessive, clearly unreasonable
and inconsistent with the objects of the Sentencing Code[?]
Specifically, Section 9721(b) of the Sentencing Code states that
confinement shall be consistent with the protection of the public,
the gravity of the offense and the rehabilitative needs of the
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defendant[,] and [Bolynn’s] sentence violates those maxims
and/or policies.
Brief for Appellant at 3.
In his first claim, Bolynn argues that the trial court erred in denying
his Omnibus Pre-trial Motion, which included a Motion to Suppress all
evidence obtained after Bolynn was stopped by police as fruit of the
poisonous tree.2 Id. at 9; see also Omnibus Pre-trial Motion at 2-4. Bolynn
claims that the stop was illegal because Bolynn matched Taylor’s description
only in the sense that he was a white male, and therefore, the police did not
have the requisite reasonable suspicion to justify the stop. Brief for
Appellant at 9. Bolynn argues that because the stop was illegal, all evidence
found on his person or in the surrounding area should have been
suppressed. Id. at 10.3
Our standard of review of a denial of suppression is
whether the record supports the trial court’s factual findings and
whether the legal conclusions drawn therefrom are free from
error. Our scope of review is limited; we may consider only the
2
We note that while Bolynn also claims that the trial court erred in failing to
suppress recordings of his telephone conversations made from the Erie
County Prison, he did not raise this claim in his Concise Statement.
Therefore, Bolynn has waived this claim. See Commonwealth v. Berry,
877 A.2d 479, 485 (Pa. Super. 2005) (stating that “issues which are not
raised in a Concise Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal under
Pa.R.A.P. 1925 are waived on appeal.”).
3
Bolynn fails to cite any case law or other legal authority in support of his
claim. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a) (stating that all arguments must contain
discussion and citation of pertinent authority); see also Berry, 877 A.2d at
485 (stating that “issues that are not supported by citations to the record
and to pertinent legal authority are waived.”). Nevertheless, we will
overlook this deficiency.
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evidence of the prosecution and so much of the evidence for the
defense as remains uncontradicted when read in the context of
the record as a whole. Where the record supports the findings of
the suppression court, we are bound by those facts and may
reverse only if the court erred in reaching its legal conclusions
based upon those facts.
Commonwealth v. Galendez, 27 A.3d 1042, 1045 (Pa. Super. 2011) (en
banc) (citation omitted).
The trial court addressed Bolynn’s first claim, and concluded that it
lacks merit. See Trial Court Opinion, 3/7/14, at 4. We agree with the sound
reasoning of the trial court regarding Bolynn’s first claim, and we adopt its
Opinion as to this claim for the purpose of this appeal. See id.
In his second claim, Bolynn contends that the police officers tainted
Taylor’s identification, which led to a failure by the police officers to conduct
a thorough investigation. Brief for Appellant at 11. Bolynn claims that “the
taint from the faulty identification had already destroyed any possibility of a
proper identification.” Id. at 12.4 Nevertheless, we will address Bolynn’s
claim.
Our review of the record discloses that Taylor had a sufficient
independent basis for identifying Bolynn. The factors for finding an
independent basis for the identification include
4
We observe that Bolynn has failed to cite any evidence of record that the
police tainted Taylor’s identification through improper action, nor has he
cited to any pertinent case law to support his claim. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a)
(stating that arguments must be supported by pertinent citations to
authority); see also Berry, 877 A.2d at 835.
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(a) the opportunity of the witness to view the criminal at the
time of the crime; (2) the witness’s degree of attention; (3) the
accuracy of the witness’s prior description of the criminal; (4)
the level of certainty demonstrated by the witness during the
confrontation; and (5) the length of time between the crime and
the confrontation.
Commonwealth v. Kendricks, 30 A.2d 499, 506 (Pa. Super. 2011).
Taylor testified that at the time of the robbery, she was certain that
Bolynn was the perpetrator. See N.T., 9/18/13, at 51. Further, Corporal
Filutze promptly responded to Taylor’s residence within approximately one
minute of receiving the dispatch, and Taylor immediately provided him with
a description of Bolynn. See id. at 81, 86. A minute later, Patrolman
DeLuca called Corporal Filutze, and requested that he bring Taylor to his
location to identify Bolynn. Id. at 89. Taylor confirmed that Bolynn was the
perpetrator, and indicated that she was acquainted with him. See id. at 45-
47, 89-90; see also Trial Court Opinion, 2/19/14, at 1-2. Thus, Bolynn has
failed to demonstrate that any actions by the police officers tainted Taylor’s
identification. Accordingly, Bolynn’s claim lacks merit.
In his third claim, Bolynn avers that the evidence admitted during trial
was insufficient to support his convictions because Taylor and her neighbor
provided inconsistent testimony. Brief for Appellant at 13. Bolynn claims
that he and Taylor were dating, that she was angry with him at the time of
her identification, and that she was motivated to lie. Id.
In reviewing sufficiency of the evidence claims, we must
determine whether the evidence admitted at trial, as well as all
reasonable inferences draw therefrom, when viewed in the light
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most favorable to the verdict winner, are sufficient to support all
elements of the offense. Additionally, to sustain a conviction,
the facts and circumstances which the Commonwealth must
prove, must be such that every essential element of the crime is
established beyond a reasonable doubt.
Commonwealth v. Moreno, 14 A.3d 133, 136 (Pa. Super. 2011) (internal
citations omitted). Additionally, “[t]he factfinder is free to believe all, part
or none of the evidence presented.” Commonwealth v. Fuentes, 991 A.2d
935, 946 (Pa. Super. 2003).
Bolynn has failed to demonstrate that Taylor contradicted herself
during her testimony, or that her testimony contradicted her neighbor’s
testimony. Rather, our review of the record discloses that Taylor specifically
testified that she and Bolynn were not in a romantic relationship, and that
she had met him only a few times prior to the robbery. See N.T., 9/18/13,
at 48-50, 60, 64. Taylor testified that she was not angry with Bolynn at the
time, and that she did not call the police for revenge. See id. at 72.
Taylor also identified Bolynn’s hat during the trial, and testified that Bolynn
was holding the gun throughout the robbery. See id. at 40-44, 56; ; see
also Trial Court Opinion, 2/19/14, at 7. Thus, viewed in the light most
favorable to the Commonwealth as verdict winner, we conclude that Bolynn’s
claim that Taylor provided inconsistent testimony lacks merit, and that the
evidence was sufficient to support the convictions. See Trial Court Opinion,
2/19/14, at 6-10.
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In his fourth claim, Bolynn argues that the verdict was against the
weight of the evidence because Taylor’s testimony was contradictory. Brief
for Appellant at 15. In support of his claim, Bolynn incorporates the factual
allegations he made in his third claim.5 Id.
Our standard of review for weight of the evidence claims is as follows:
The weight of the evidence is exclusively for the finder of fact
who is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence and to
determine the credibility of the witness. An appellate court
cannot substitute its judgment for that of the finder of fact.
Thus, we may only reverse the lower court’s verdict if it is so
contrary to the evidence as to shock one’s sense of justice.
Commonwealth v. Collins, 70 A.3d 1245, 1251 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citation
omitted).
Here, as in his third claim, Bolynn has not demonstrated
inconsistencies in Taylor’s testimony. See id. (holding that appellant did not
demonstrate that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence where
“he did not present independent exculpatory evidence that would contradict
the verdict nor did he so undermine the Commonwealth’s evidence as to
render it completely unbelievable.”). Further, as noted above, Bolynn has
not demonstrated that Taylor’s testimony was so inconsistent as to shock
this Court’s collective conscience. Therefore, we conclude that this claim
lacks merit.
5
We note that incorporation by reference is “an unacceptable manner of
appellate advocacy for proper presentation of a claim for relief to our Court.”
Commonwealth v. Briggs, 12 A.3d 291, 342 (Pa. 2011).
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In his fifth claim, Bolynn asserts that his sentence is excessive because
the trial court imposed consecutive sentences at the high end of the
sentencing range. Bolynn’s claim implicates the discretionary aspects of his
sentence. Brief for Appellant at 16-18. However, before addressing
Bolynn’s challenge to the discretionary aspects of his sentence, we first
address whether Bolynn’s sentence is illegal. See Commonwealth v.
Orellana, 86 A.3d 877, 882 n.7 (Pa. Super. 2014) (stating that this Court
may consider an issue of illegality of sentence sua sponte).
Our review of the record demonstrates that the trial court imposed a
mandatory minimum sentence under 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9712 for the Robbery
conviction. See Sentencing Order, 11/26/13. This statute has been ruled
unconstitutional in its entirety under Alleyne.6 See Commonwealth v.
Newman, 99 A.3d 86, 101 (Pa. Super. 2014). Thus, without consideration
or application of the mandatory sentencing scheme in set forth at 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 9712, we must vacate the judgment of sentence and remand for
re-sentencing. Accordingly, we will not address Bolynn’s claim regarding the
discretionary aspects of his sentence.7 Based on the foregoing, we affirm
the convictions, vacate the sentence and remand for re-sentencing
consistent with this memorandum.
6
Alleyne v. United States, 133 S. Ct. 2151 (2013).
7
Although we will not address Bolynn’s discretionary aspects of sentence
claim, we note that the trial court had the benefit of a pre-sentence
investigation report.
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Judgment of sentence vacated. Case remanded for re-sentencing.
Jurisdiction relinquished.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/19/2015
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Garhart, J., March 1 ,2014.
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This matter comes before the Court on DefendantiApellant's Notice of Appeal of this
Court's Sentencing Order of November 26, 2013. Appellant filed a Concise Statement of
Matters Complained of on Appeal on January 29, 2014. Therein, Appellant raises a number of
issues, including an allegation that the Honorable John Garhart erred in denying Appellant's
Omnibus Pre-Trial Motions.
The Honorable John Garhart presided over Appellant's Suppression Hearing which was
held on July 31, 2013. The Honorable William R. Cunningham presided over Appellant's jury
trial and sentencing. Accordingly, this Supplemental 1925(a) Opinion has been issued to address
the allegations of error regarding Appellant's Omnibus Pre-Trial Motions. The 1925(a) Opinion
issued by the Honorable William R. Cunningham, including the factual and procedural history of
this matter, is incorporated by reference herein.
In his Omnibus Pre-Trial Motion, Appellant raised two Motions to Suppress:
1. Motion to Suppress evidence obtained as a result of
Appellant's stop, search or arrest without probable cause or
reasonable suspicion in violation of his rights under the U.S.
and Pennsylvania Constitutions; and
2. Motion to Suppress Recordings/Statements made by Appellant
Erie County Prison in violation of his privacy rights and
without reading Appellant his Miranda rights.
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At the Suppression Hearing, the Commonwealth offered three witnesses, and the defense
offered no testimony. On the issue of the alleged illegal stop, search and arrest, the
Commonwealth offered the testimony of Officer Steve DeLuca of the Erie Police Department.
Officer DeLuca testified that he was dispatched to the 300 block of West 9th Street where a
robbery/home invasion had just occurred. Suppression Hr'g Tr. at 23:22-23. Dispatch advised
him that the suspects were two white males wearing masks and were last seen leaving the area
westbound on 9th Street towards Chestnut Street, and they were armed. Id. at 24:2-9. It took
Officer DeLuca less than one minute to arrive and he began canvassing the area for the suspects.
Id. at 24:20-25. Officer DeLuca testified the area is dimly-lit and residential, with houses on
both sides of the street, close together. Id. at 25:21-25. Officer DeLuca explained that it was
1:00 a.m. on a Tuesday morning, and the nearest bar was "way down on 8th Street." Id. at 27: 16-
23. As Officer DeLuca traveled eastbound on the 300 block of 10th Street, using his spotlight to
light backyards, a young-adult, white male, later identified as Appellant, popped out between the
houses. Id. at 26:17-28:4.
Officer DeLuca was suspicious that this individual was one of the suspects due to the
following factors: (1) the time of night, (2) the location, (3) the proximity of the backyards from
9th and 10th Streets, (4) the fact that he was hiding between the houses, and (5) he matched the
description from dispatch. Id. at 28:12-25. Dispatch provided Officer DeLuca with the further
information that one of the suspects had been wearing a tan or brown Carhartt style coat. Id. at
28:25-29:2.
Based on this information, Officer DeLuca had a brief interaction with Appellant. Id. at
29:6-9. He pulled up his patrol car next to Appellant and advised that he wanted to talk to him
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Id. at 29:9-30:25. Appellant was wearing a tan Carhartt style coat.I Id. at 32:19-23. During this
time, Corporal Filutze, who was still at the residence with the female victim, advised Officer
DeLuca over the radio that the suspect was wearing a blue hat with the letter "P" on it. Id. at
33:5-20. After recognizing that Appellant was wearing a blue hat with the letter "P" on it as
described, Officer DeLuca told Appellant to place his hands on the car and that he was being
placed under an investigative detention. Id. at 33:21-34:5. Several seconds later, the victim
arrived with Corporal Filutze, who positively identified Appellant as being one of the suspects,
and he was placed in custody. Id. at 34:7-9.
On the issue of the recordings at Erie County Prison, the Commonwealth offered the
testimony of Detective Dennis Oborski of the Erie Police Department, who testified that he
requested phone calls from Erie County Prison regarding the defendant in this case, which
resulted in a new charge. Id. at 7:5-12. The Commonwealth also offered the testimony of Tony
Massaro, an information systems manager at Erie County Prison. Id. at 10:23-22:12. Mr.
Massaro explained that there is a recording system in place at the prison that stores all the
outgoing calls for a period of three years. Id. at 11:18-12:16. In March 2013, Detective Oborski
requested the telephone recordings of Appellant from Mr. Massaro, and Mr. Massaro turned over
a CD containing the recordings. Id. at 13:7-20. Mr. Massaro testified that there is a tag on each
of the prisoner phones that says the calls are recorded and monitored. Id. at 14:2-14. Mr.
Massaro further testified that when inmates are booked into prison, they receive an inmate
handbook that provides all calls are subject to inspection, recording, monitoring and disclosure,
except those placed by a registered attorney representing the inmate. Id. at 15: 17 -16: 17.
IOn cross-examination, Officer DeLuca admitted that he could have been mistaken that Appellant was wearing the
Carhartt coat at the time of their encounter. Nothing in his report indicated that Appellant had been wearing the
Carhartt coat, and there is a dispute as to whether that the coat may have found between the houses by Officer
Bogart. Nonetheless, this Court found Officer DeLuca's interactions with Appellant were proper.
3
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Additionally, Mr. Massaro explained that there is an audio message at the beginning of every call
that tells the caller that the call will be recorded and monitored. Id. at 17:3-23.
By Order of August 2, 2013, the Honorable John Garhart denied Appellant's Motion to
Suppress for the reasons stated on the record. See also Id. at 50:9-11. As to the issue of the stop,
search, and seizure, this Court found that Officer DeLuca's initial interaction with Appellant was
a mere encounter? Id. at 42:12-44:20. The encounter was reasonable because there was a
reported crime in the area, and an individual matching the description popped up between houses
in a residential area in the early morning hours of a Tuesday. Id. at 43:9-14. During the
permissible mere encounter, the interaction escalated into an investigative detention when
Officer DeLuca ordered Appellant to place his hands on the car. Id. at 44: 11-20. The
investigative detention was also proper because Officer DeLuca had reasonable suspicion to
detain Appellant when he observed Appellant was wearing the same blue hat with the letter "P"
on it. Id. Finally, the custodial arrest was supported by probable cause through the victim's in-
person identification. Accordingly, this Court found that Appellant's stop, seizure, and arrest
were lawful and denied the Motion to Suppress. Id. at 49:11-23.
As to the issue of the phone call recordings, this Court found that Appellant had no
expectation of privacy in prison? Id. at 49:23 -50: 1. Appellant was also on notice that the phone
2 The Pennsylvania Supreme Court has recognized three categories of interaction between citizens and police.
Commonwealth v. Mendenhall, 715 A.2d 1117, 1119 (Pa. 1998). The first is a "mere encounter," "which need not
be supported by any level of suspicion, but carries no official compulsion to stop or respond." Id. The second is an
"investigative detention" which requires reasonable suspicion and "subjects a suspect to stop and a period of
detention, but does not involve such coercive conditions as to constitute the functional equivalent of an arrest." Id.
The third is an arrest or "custodial detention" which must be supported by probable cause. !d. While the line
between a mere encounter and an investigative detention is difficult to defme, a person is under an investigative
detention where a reasonable person would have believed that he was not free to leave. See Mendenhall, 715 A.2d
at 1119-20. One example of a circumstance that might indicate a seizure would be "the use of language or tone of
voice indicating that compliance with the officer's request might be compelled." Commonwealth v. McClease, 750
A.2d 320, 324-25 (pa. Super. 2000) (citation omitted).
3 See Commonwealth v. Moore, 928 A.2d 1092 (Pa. Super. 2007) (finding that an inmate had no constitutional right
to privacy in his non-privileged prison mail).
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calls would be monitored and recorded as demonstrated by the testimony of Mr. Massaro.
Accordingly, this Court found that there was no grounds for suppression of the recordings. Id.
For the aforementioned reasons, this Court did not err in denying Appellant's Omnibus
Pre-Trial Motions. Accordingly, this Court's judgment of sentence should be affirmed.
BY THE COURT:
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5
Com. v. Bolynn, A.
Combined Opinion