Filed 2/24/15 In re Paige W. CA4/1
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COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
In re PAIGE W., a Person Coming Under
the Juvenile Court Law.
D066037
THE PEOPLE,
Plaintiff and Respondent, (Super. Ct. No. J230410)
v.
PAIGE W.,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Aaron H.
Katz, Judge. Affirmed as modified and remanded.
Michelle C. Zehner, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and
Appellant.
Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Julie L. Garland, Assistant Attorney General,
Peter Quon and Stacy Tyler, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
The juvenile court found true allegations that Paige W. (the Minor) committed two
misdemeanor offenses: unlawful use of force (Pen. Code,1 § 242) and fighting in a
public place (§ 415, subd. (1)). The Minor was declared a ward of the court and placed
on probation.
The Minor appeals challenging only several of the conditions of her probation.
Although the Minor did not object to any of the challenged conditions in the juvenile
court, she now argues that five of the conditions are either overbroad or
unconstitutionally vague.
The People agree that four conditions should be modified and the parties agree on
the proposed modifications. The parties also agree that one of the conditions must be
remanded to the juvenile court for clarification. As to one of the conditions the People
contend the condition is neither vague or overbroad.
STATEMENT OF FACTS
Since the Minor does not challenge the admissibility or the sufficiency of the
evidence to support the true findings we will simply adopt the very brief summary of
facts from the respondent's brief.
In a dispute with a neighbor in Spring Valley, the Minor pushed a woman to the
ground. The woman struck her head on a rock and suffered a bleeding laceration to the
back of her head. Appellant fled.
1 All further statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise specified.
2
The Minor later admitted to an investigating officer that she pushed the woman
because the Minor was "upset."
DISCUSSION
The juvenile court has broad discretion to impose reasonable conditions of
probation for the purpose of rehabilitating a juvenile offender. (Welf. & Inst. Code,
§ 730, subd. (b); In re Victor L. (2010) 182 Cal.App.4th 902, 910.) However, a court
may not impose conditions that are so vague that it is unclear what the probationer is
supposed to do, or avoid doing. (In re Sheena K. (2007) 40 Cal.4th 875, 889-890; In re
Victor L., supra, at p. 910.)
Similarly, the juvenile court may not impose conditions that are so overbroad as to
fail to give the probationer fair warning of the requirements, or where the condition
abridges constitutional rights beyond that which is necessary for rehabilitation. (In re
Sheena K., supra, 40 Cal.4th at p. 890; In re E.O. (2010) 188 Cal.App.4th 1149, 1153.)
The juvenile does not forfeit a facial challenge to the constitutionality of a probation
condition by failing to raise the issue in the juvenile court. (In re Sheena K., supra, at
pp. 884-888.)
A
The first two challenged conditions require: "The minor shall not leave the
County of San Diego without permission of the Probation Officer" and "the minor shall
not use or possess alcohol, a controlled substance, or any substance the minor knows or
reasonably should know is a mind altering substance without a valid prescription." The
Minor contends the conditions are vague and overbroad. The People agree that the
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condition regarding travel outside the county should be modified to the condition which
prohibits the Minor from knowingly traveling outside the county without the permission
of the probation officer.
The People also agree the condition relating to possession of substances is vague.
It does not contain a knowledge limitation. We are empowered to modify conditions of
probation on appeal. (In re Sheena K., supra, 40 Cal.4th at p. 892.) We therefore order
that the condition of probation regarding possession of substances be modified to provide
that the Minor may not knowingly possess the items described. The travel condition
must likewise be modified to provide that the Minor must not knowingly travel outside of
San Diego County without the probation officer's permission.
B
The next challenged condition provided that the Minor "shall have no negative
direct or indirect contact" with the victim or her family. The Minor contends, and the
People agree, the condition is vague as to what constitutes "negative direct or indirect
contact." We agree.
The People have suggested that the condition be modified as follows: "The minor
shall have no negative direct or indirect contact with the victim or her family, which
includes not harassing, annoying, molesting, threatening, injuring, intimidating,
attacking, battering, assaulting, stalking, destroying the personal property of, unlawfully
taking the personal property of, disturbing the peace of, or blocking the movements of the
victim or her family."
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The modified condition is consistent with other stay away orders which courts
have used. Since the Minor lives next to the victim she cannot reasonably be required to
stay certain distances from the victim. The proposed modification provides the Minor
with an adequate definition of negative contact. The condition is necessary to aid the
Minor in avoiding contact with the victim that might lead to probation violation. We
direct the juvenile court to modify the condition of probation dealing with "negative
contact" in the fashion we have set forth above.
C
The next challenged condition requires the Minor to maintain "satisfactory
citizenship" in school. Once again the parties agree the condition is vague. There is no
definition as to what would or would not constitute such citizenship. We agree with the
parties that this condition must be remanded to the juvenile court for clarification of the
meaning of the terms used.
D
The last challenged condition relates to the use of password protected Internet sites
and directs the Minor to provide any passwords to the probation officer. The Minor
argues the condition is internally inconsistent and vague. We disagree.
There was a sound basis for the court's concern about the use of the Internet. Even
defense counsel recognized the Minor had placed pictures of herself using alcohol and
other substances on social media sites. The court agreed with the Minor's request to
continue to use the Internet, but recognized her rehabilitation required access by the
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probation officer to her computer practices. She does not challenge the reasonableness of
the condition.
We start with the claim the condition is internally inconsistent because it forbids
the use of password protected sites, but also requires disclosure of passwords. These are
two different thoughts. First, she may not use password protected functions on any file or
computer. The condition does not prevent her from otherwise using passwords on her
computer, it simply requires her to disclose the passwords so she can be monitored.
Certainly the condition is not vague. It is explicit as to what the Minor must and
must not do.
In the alternative, the Minor argues the condition is overbroad and infringes on her
First Amendment rights. We again disagree. All she is required to do is to use the
Internet in a fashion that will allow appropriate monitoring. Here, the defense agreed her
past computer use to display substance abuse was a problem, but successfully argued for
monitored use of computers. The condition does not improperly intrude on any protected
right.
DISPOSITION
The case is remanded to the juvenile court to modify the conditions of probation as
set forth in this opinion. The court is directed to conduct further proceedings to clarify
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the meaning of "satisfactory citizenship" or to strike the condition as the court finds
appropriate. In all other respects the order of the juvenile court is affirmed.
HUFFMAN, Acting P. J.
WE CONCUR:
NARES, J.
McDONALD, J.
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