In re the Termination of the Parent_Child Relationship of: S.H., A Child in Need of Services, M.H. v. Ind. Dept. of Child Services (mem. dec.)

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Mar 06 2015, 9:33 am
Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as
precedent or cited before any court except for the
purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Donald J. Frew Gregory F. Zoeller
Fort Wayne, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana

Robert J. Henke
Deputy Attorney General

David E. Corey
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In re the Termination of the March 6, 2015
Parent-Child Relationship of: Court of Appeals Case No.
S.H., A Child in Need of 02A04-1408-JT-370
Services, Appeal from the Allen Superior
Court
M.H., The Honorable Thomas P. Boyer,
Appellant-Respondent, Judge Pro Tempore
The Honorable Lori K. Morgan,
v. Magistrate

Cause No. 02D07-1312-JT-153
Indiana Department of Child
Services,
Appellee-Petitioner.

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 Najam, Judge.

Statement of the Case
[1] M.H. (“Father”) appeals the trial court’s termination of his parental rights over

S.H. (“Child”).1 Father raises a single issue for our review, namely, whether

the trial court’s judgment is clearly erroneous. We affirm.

Facts and Procedural History
[2] On August 13, 2012, the trial court adjudicated Child to be a child in need of

services (“CHINS”) on the petition of the Indiana Department of Child

Services (“DCS”), and the court placed Child in foster care. At that time,

Father admitted that Child was residing with him; that he had no running water

in his home; that he was unable to care for Child; and that he was unable to

provide independent, sustainable housing for Child. And a family case

manager informed the court that Father’s home had trash, clothing, and debris

throughout it, “as well as a jug of urine.” DCS Ex. 4 at 2. Among other things,

the court ordered Father to maintain clean, safe, and sustainable housing at all

times, refrain from using drugs, submit to drug tests, and attend and

appropriately participate in all visits with Child as directed.

[3] During the ensuing months, Father was involved in several misdemeanor

offenses, which included “flying . . . a homeless sign . . . on the road” and

1
Although the Child’s mother also had her parental rights terminated by the trial court’s judgment, she does
not participate in this appeal.

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 possession of paraphernalia. Tr. at 87. Father admitted to possession of

marijuana in connection to the paraphernalia offense. He also failed several

drug tests and refused to take at least one drug test.

[4] Father never obtained stable housing. He described his living situation during

the underlying proceedings as “couch surfing,” though he occasionally stayed at

hotels. Id. at 71. Father also missed some visitation time with Child. On

occasions where visitation was cancelled for a legitimate reason, Father did not

attempt to make up the cancelled visitation. Meanwhile, Child remained in the

same foster home throughout the underlying proceedings.

[5] On December 13, 2013, DCS filed its petition for the termination of Father’s

parental rights over Child. The court held an evidentiary hearing on the DCS’s

petition on April 8, 2014. At that hearing, the DCS explained that it planned to

have Child adopted. While Child had not yet been placed in a preadoptive

home, Child’s guardian ad litem (“GAL”) testified that “that’s not something

that we can cho[o]se ahead of time. . . . [W]hen you place a child in a licensed

foster parent’s home[,] they don’t know at that point whether they are going to

want to adopt or not . . . .” Id. at 140. The GAL further agreed that it is “in the

best interests of [C]hild to have this plan for care and treatment of adoption in

place.” Id.

[6] On April 28, the court entered its order terminating Father’s parental rights. In

relevant part, the court found as follows:

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 Presently, [F]ather does not have stable housing. He has not had
stable housing since the initiation of the CHINS
proceedings . . . . During this timeframe, he has lived with
friends, lived in a halfway house[,] and lived in hotels.
Currently, he is living in a hotel and receives vouchers for his
stay from the Fort Wayne Housing Authority and Washington
Township Trustees office. At trial, he advised that he anticipated
in enrolling in IVY Tech in the near future and that he would use
his school money to buy a trailer for himself and [Child]. He did
acknowledge at trial[,] however, that he had used school monies
in the past to pay for housing and other expenses. He does not
presently have employment and has not consistently had
employment since the initiation of the CHINS proceedings in
2012. Although [F]ather may have housing, employment[,] and
money from school loans from time to time, his history and
patterns of conduct reveal an inability to maintain a home for
himself and [C]hild.

. . . [F]ather has not refrained from criminal activity during the
course of the underlying CHINS proceedings. In 2014, he was
arrested for possession of paraphernalia. At trial [here], he
claimed that his friend left a marijuana pipe in his backpack.
However, [he] had a positive test for marijuana a few months
before the start of [this] hearing . . . . Additionally, he
acknowledged refusing to submit to a drug screen in February of
2014.

At the time of the initiation of the proceedings in the underlying
CHINS cause, [F]ather was unable to provide a safe, stable home
environment for [C]hild. At the time of the hearing on the
Petition for Termination . . . , [F]ather continued to be unable to
provide for [C]hild . . . .

***

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 6. The [DCS] has a satisfactory plan for the care and
treatment of [C]hild, which is placement of [C]hild for adoption.

Appellant’s App. at 25-26. This appeal ensued.

Discussion and Decision
[7] Father appeals the trial court’s termination of his parental rights. We begin our

review of this issue by acknowledging that “[t]he traditional right of parents to

establish a home and raise their children is protected by the Fourteenth

Amendment of the United States Constitution.” Bailey v. Tippecanoe Div. of

Family & Children (In re M.B.), 666 N.E.2d 73, 76 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996), trans.

denied. However, a trial court must subordinate the interests of the parents to

those of the child when evaluating the circumstances surrounding a

termination. Schultz v. Porter Cnty. Ofc. of Family & Children (In re K.S.), 750

N.E.2d 832, 837 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001). Termination of a parent-child

relationship is proper where a child’s emotional and physical development is

threatened. Id. Although the right to raise one’s own child should not be

terminated solely because there is a better home available for the child, parental

rights may be terminated when a parent is unable or unwilling to meet his or

her parental responsibilities. Id. at 836.

[8] Before an involuntary termination of parental rights can occur in Indiana, DCS

is required to allege and prove, in relevant part:

(A) that one (1) of the following is true:

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 (i) The child has been removed from the parent for at least
six (6) months under a dispositional decree.

***

(B) that one (1) of the following is true:

(i) There is a reasonable probability that the conditions
that resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for
placement outside the home of the parents will not be
remedied.

(ii) There is a reasonable probability that the continuation
of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-
being of the child.

(iii) The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been
adjudicated a child in need of services;

(C) that termination is in the best interests of the child; and

(D) that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of
the child.

Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2). That statute provides that DCS need establish only

one of the requirements of subsection (b)(2)(B) before the trial court may

terminate parental rights. DCS’s “burden of proof in termination of parental

rights cases is one of ‘clear and convincing evidence.’” R.Y. v. Ind. Dep’t of Child

Servs. (In re G.Y.), 904 N.E.2d 1257, 1260-61 (Ind. 2009) (quoting I.C. § 31-37-

14-2).

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[9] When reviewing a termination of parental rights, we will not reweigh the

evidence or judge the credibility of the witnesses. Peterson v. Marion Cnty. Ofc. of

Family & Children (In re D.D.), 804 N.E.2d 258, 265 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004), trans.

denied. Instead, we consider only the evidence and reasonable inferences that

are most favorable to the judgment. Id. Moreover, in deference to the trial

court’s unique position to assess the evidence, we will set aside the court’s

judgment terminating a parent-child relationship only if it is clearly erroneous.

Judy S. v. Noble Cnty. Ofc. of Family & Children (In re L.S.), 717 N.E.2d 204, 208

(Ind. Ct. App. 1999), trans. denied.

[10] Here, in terminating Father’s parental rights, the trial court entered specific

findings of fact and conclusions thereon. When a trial court’s judgment

contains special findings and conclusions, we apply a two-tiered standard of

review. Bester v. Lake Cnty. Ofc. of Family & Children, 839 N.E.2d 143, 147 (Ind.

2005). First, we determine whether the evidence supports the findings and,

second, we determine whether the findings support the judgment. Id.

“Findings are clearly erroneous only when the record contains no facts to

support them either directly or by inference.” Quillen v. Quillen, 671 N.E.2d 98,

102 (Ind. 1996). If the evidence and inferences support the trial court’s

decision, we must affirm. In re L.S., 717 N.E.2d at 208.

[11] Father’s only argument on appeal is that the DCS failed to demonstrate a

satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of Child following the termination

of Father’s rights. See I.C. § 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(D). Father concedes that the DCS

demonstrated a reasonable probability that the conditions that resulted in

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 Child’s removal will not be remedied as well as a reasonable probability that the

continuation of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-being of

Child. And Father does not argue on appeal that the termination of his

parental rights is not in the best interests of Child.

[12] We reject Father’s argument on appeal. As we have made clear:

For a plan to be “satisfactory,” for purposes of the statute, it need
not be detailed, so long as it offers a general sense of the direction
in which the child will be going after the parent-child relationship
is terminated. . . . Attempting to find suitable parents to adopt
the children is clearly a satisfactory plan. The fact that there was
not a specific family in place to adopt [at the time of the
termination hearing] does not make the plan unsatisfactory. We
also find that the continuing independent living situation . . . is
an acceptable plan as it gives a general sense of the direction of
the treatment and care that [a child] would receive.

Lang v. Starke Cnty. Ofc. of Family & Children, 861 N.E.2d 366, 375 (Ind. Ct. App.

2007) (citations and quotations omitted), trans. denied.

[13] Lang controls the outcome here. Despite Father’s arguments to the contrary on

appeal, the DCS plainly presented sufficient evidence of a satisfactory plan for

the care and treatment of Child. The GAL testified that Child had been placed

in a continuing, independent living situation with foster parents following the

trial court’s determination that Child was a CHINS. The GAL further testified

that the DCS was in the process of finding suitable parents to adopt Child. The

fact that there was not a specific family in place at the time of the termination

hearing does not render the DCS’s plan unsatisfactory. Moreover, Father’s

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 arguments on appeal are merely requests for this court to reweigh the evidence,

which we will not do. Thus, we affirm the trial court’s termination of Father’s

parental rights.

[14] Affirmed.

[15] Mathias, J., and Bradford, J., concur.

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