MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Mar 11 2015, 10:04 am
Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as
precedent or cited before any court except for the
purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Daniel L. Askren Gregory F. Zoeller
O’Connor and Askren Law Office Attorney General of Indiana
Attica, Indiana
Robert J. Henke
David E. Corey
Deputy Attorneys General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
In the Matter of the Termination March 11, 2015
of the Parent-Child Relationship Court of Appeals Case No.
of: D.R., L.R. & S.R. (Minor 23A01-1409-JT-420
Children), Appeal from the Fountain Circuit
Court.
A.R. (Father), The Honorable Stephanie S.
Campbell, Judge Pro Tempore.
Appellant-Respondent,
The Honorable Susan Orr
Henderson, Judge.
v. Cause No. 23C01-1405-JT-82
23C01-1405-JT-83
The Indiana Department of 23C01-1405-JT-84
Child Services,
Appellee-Petitioner
Baker, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 23A01-1409-JT-420 | March 11, 2015 Page 1 of 10
[1] A.R. (Father) appeals the juvenile court’s order terminating the parent-child
relationship between Father and his three children. Father argues that there is
insufficient evidence supporting the juvenile court’s conclusion that there was a
reasonable probability that the conditions that led to the children’s removal
from his care would not be remedied. Finding sufficient evidence, we affirm.
Facts
[2] Father and L.H. (Mother)1 had three children together: D.R., born December
30, 2004, L.R., born April 16, 2006, and S.R., born December 31, 2008. This
family has had multiple contacts with the Department of Child Services (DCS)
in the past. In February 2005, DCS substantiated allegations of medical neglect
regarding D.R. In December 2005, DCS substantiated allegations that D.R.
was endangered by drug use. In March 2010, DCS substantiated allegations of
endangerment regarding all three children. The 2010 substantiation led to a
case in which all three children were found to be children in need of services
(CHINS). At that time, Father acknowledged that his criminal history and
substance abuse issues had led to the children’s removal. The CHINS case
closed in June 2011, when the children were returned to the parents’ care.
[3] On February 19, 2013, DCS filed a petition alleging that the children were
CHINS based on allegations that on February 14, law enforcement had found
heroin and drug paraphernalia in the family’s residence. Additionally, the
1
Mother voluntarily relinquished her parental rights to the children and is not participating in this appeal.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 23A01-1409-JT-420 | March 11, 2015 Page 2 of 10
children reported that they had not eaten on February 14 because the parents
had forgotten to feed them and that they had not bathed in awhile. The
children were removed from the parents’ care and placed in foster care. At the
time of removal, Father tested positive for marijuana and heroin. On April 22,
2013, the juvenile court found the children to be CHINS based upon the
following admissions made by the parents: (1) the utilities were shut off at the
residence; (2) when law enforcement performed a probation check on another
adult living in the home, they discovered a controlled substance and
paraphernalia in the home; and (3) law enforcement reported that Father
appeared to be under the influence.
[4] Between the children’s removal in February 2013 and April 2013, the parents
had regular supervised visits with the children. The visitation supervisor
expressed concerns about a number of behaviors exhibited by Father:
(1) having inappropriate conversations with the children about the CHINS case;
(2) arguing with Mother in front of the children; (3) failing to intervene when
there were safety issues regarding the children; (4) using his phone during visits;
and (5) not using a consistent and predictable system to discipline the children.
During that time, DCS offered services, including counseling and substance
abuse treatment, to Father, but he did not participate in those services.
[5] On or about April 26, 2013, Father left Indiana without informing DCS. He
was on the run from law enforcement and ended up in Arizona for
approximately three weeks. On May 1, 2013, an arrest warrant was issued for
Father, and he was eventually arrested in Arizona and returned to Indiana. He
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 23A01-1409-JT-420 | March 11, 2015 Page 3 of 10
has been incarcerated since that time. On April 18, 2014, Father was convicted
of class B felony burglary and class D felony theft. He was sentenced to eight
years imprisonment, with four years suspended. His earliest possible release
date is May 2017.
[6] On May 9, 2013, the juvenile court entered a dispositional order. Inasmuch as
Father was incarcerated at that time, the court ordered that DCS did not have
to provide services to Father until he was released from incarceration and in a
position to participate with services.
[7] After Father’s incarceration, he had phone contact with the children twice a
week. The phone calls occurred during Mother’s supervised visits with the
children. At some point in time, Mother’s visits were suspended because of a
positive drug screen and the voluntary relinquishment of her parental rights.
Father’s phone contact with the children ended at that time, and he never
requested that it begin again. He testified that he had written to the children “a
few times,” tr. p. 33, but the family case manager (FCM) did not recall Father
sending her any letters to pass on to the children, id. at 55.
[8] In addition to the convictions he amassed during the instant CHINS case,
Father has prior convictions for possession of controlled substances, dealing in
marijuana, public intoxication, battery, and residential entry. He admits that he
has a substance abuse problem. During the 2010-11 CHINS case, Father
received substance abuse treatment and parenting classes. He continued using
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 23A01-1409-JT-420 | March 11, 2015 Page 4 of 10
illegal substances, however, inasmuch as he tested positive for heroin and
marijuana in February 2013.
[9] DCS filed a petition to terminate the parent-child relationship between Father
and his children, and the juvenile court held an evidentiary hearing on the
petition on July 29, 2014. At the time of the termination hearing, Father had
just begun a twelve-step program, which lasts seven to eight months, in the
Department of Correction.
[10] At the termination hearing, evidence was introduced that D.R. and L.R. had
undergone a sexual abuse assessment. The assessment indicated that the
children had been the victims of sexual abuse by a half-sibling. As a result of
that abuse, the children had sexually reactive behaviors—they acted out
sexually and perpetrated on other children. Their therapist recommended that
they sleep separately and have no unsupervised contact with each other. All
three children were receiving individual therapy, and D.R. and L.R. were also
receiving counseling for their sexually reactive behaviors.
[11] The Guardian ad Litem (GAL), the children’s service providers, and the FCM
testified that termination was in the children’s best interest. Both the GAL and
FCM were concerned about the risk for drug exposure when in Father’s care,
the lack of structure and routine when in Father’s care, and the need for two of
the children to have ongoing therapy as a result of sexual molestation that
occurred when in Father’s care. All three children were placed in the same
preadoptive foster home, where they were thriving and progressing. The
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 23A01-1409-JT-420 | March 11, 2015 Page 5 of 10
juvenile court ordered that the parent-child relationship be terminated. Father
now appeals.
Discussion and Decision
I. Standard of Review
[12] Our standard of review with respect to termination of parental rights
proceedings is well established. In considering whether termination was
appropriate, we neither reweigh the evidence nor assess witness credibility.
K.T.K. v. Ind. Dep’t of Child Servs., 989 N.E.2d 1225, 1229 (Ind. 2013). We will
consider only the evidence and reasonable inferences that may be drawn
therefrom in support of the judgment, giving due regard to the trial court’s
opportunity to judge witness credibility firsthand. Id. Where, as here, the trial
court entered findings of fact and conclusions of law, we will not set aside the
findings or judgment unless clearly erroneous. Id. In making that
determination, we must consider whether the evidence clearly and convincingly
supports the findings, and the findings clearly and convincingly support the
judgment. Id. at 1229-30. It is “sufficient to show by clear and convincing
evidence that the child’s emotional and physical development are threatened by
the respondent parent’s custody.” Bester v. Lake Cnty. Office of Family & Children,
839 N.E.2d 143, 148 (Ind. 2005).
[13] Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2) requires that a petition to terminate
parental rights for a CHINS must make the following allegations:
(A) that one (1) of the following is true:
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 23A01-1409-JT-420 | March 11, 2015 Page 6 of 10
(i) The child has been removed from the parent for at least
six (6) months under a dispositional decree.
(ii) A court has entered a finding under IC 31-34-21-5.6 that
reasonable efforts for family preservation or
reunification are not required, including a description of
the court’s finding, the date of the finding, and the
manner in which the finding was made.
(iii) The child has been removed from the parent and has
been under the supervision of a local office or probation
department for at least fifteen (15) months of the most
recent twenty-two (22) months, beginning with the date
the child is removed from the home as a result of the
child being alleged to be a child in need of services or a
delinquent child;
(B) that one (1) of the following is true:
(i) There is a reasonable probability that the conditions that
resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for
placement outside the home of the parents will not be
remedied.
(ii) There is a reasonable probability that the continuation of
the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-
being of the child.
(iii) The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been
adjudicated a child in need of services;
(C) that termination is in the best interests of the child; and
(D) that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of the
child.
DCS must prove the alleged circumstances by clear and convincing evidence.
K.T.K., 989 N.E.2d at 1230.
[14] In this case, the juvenile court based its termination order, in part, upon a
finding that there is a reasonable probability that the conditions that resulted in
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 23A01-1409-JT-420 | March 11, 2015 Page 7 of 10
the children’s removal will not be remedied. That is the sole finding challenged
by Father in this appeal.2
II. Conditions Resulting in Removal
[15] In considering this issue, a juvenile court must judge a parent’s fitness to care
for his or her children at the time of the termination hearing. In re E.M., 4
N.E.3d 636, 643 (Ind. 2014). The juvenile court may, however, take into
consideration the parent’s habitual patterns of conduct to determine the
probability of future neglect or deprivation of the children. Id. Among other
things, a juvenile court may consider a parent’s criminal history, substance
abuse history, and lack of adequate housing. McBride v. Monroe Cnty. Office of
Family and Children, 798 N.E.2d 185, 199 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003).
[16] In this case, the children were removed from Father’s care because heroin and
paraphernalia were found in the home where they were staying, children’s basic
needs, such as nutrition and hygiene, were not being met, and Father tested
positive for heroin and marijuana at the time of removal. Prior to the instant
CHINS case, the undisputed evidence regarding Father’s habitual patterns of
conduct is as follows:
2
We note that the statute is drafted in the disjunctive, meaning that DCS need only prove either that the
conditions that led to the children’s removal would not be remedied OR that continuation of the parent-child
relationship posed a threat to the children’s well-being. In other words, even if there were insufficient
evidence supporting the former conclusion, the termination could still be affirmed if there were sufficient
evidence supporting the latter conclusion. Inasmuch as the juvenile court in this case based the termination
only on the former conclusion, however, we will address Father’s argument on appeal.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 23A01-1409-JT-420 | March 11, 2015 Page 8 of 10
Father has two prior substantiations for neglect. The children have been
adjudicated CHINS on one prior occasion, resulting in part from
Father’s substance abuse. Father participated in substance abuse
treatment in that CHINS case.
Father has prior criminal history, including convictions for possession of
controlled substances, dealing in marijuana, public intoxication, battery,
and residential entry.
[17] In the course of the instant CHINS case, the record reveals the following
evidence regarding Father:
Notwithstanding his prior substance abuse treatment, Father tested
positive for heroin and marijuana when the children were removed.
DCS offered services to Father in this case before he was incarcerated but
he did not participate.
Before Father went on the run, he had supervised visits with the children.
The visitation supervisor had numerous concerns about Father’s
behavior during those visits.
Father absconded from the State to evade law enforcement and has been
incarcerated since his Arizona arrest in the spring of 2013.
During this CHINS case, Father was convicted of class B felony robbery
and class D felony theft. His earliest possible release date is in May
2017.
While incarcerated, Father had twice weekly phone calls with the
children during Mother’s supervised visits. When Mother relinquished
her parental rights, the phone calls stopped, and Father never requested
that they continue.
At some point while in the care of their parents, two of the children were
sexually molested by a half-sibling. They continue to exhibit sexually
reactive behavior and will need ongoing services as a result.
[18] Father argues that this case is similar to In re M.W., in which this Court held
that termination was inappropriate where the father was set to be released from
incarceration three months after the termination hearing and had completed all
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 23A01-1409-JT-420 | March 11, 2015 Page 9 of 10
but one requirement of the dispositional plan. 943 N.E.2d 848, 856 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2011). We disagree and find M.W. to be easily distinguishable from this
case.
[19] Here, Father’s earliest possible release date is three years from the date of the
termination hearing. Moreover, before his incarceration, Father had not
participated in services offered by DCS, and he had only just begun a seven-
month twelve-step program in the DOC at the time of the termination hearing.
He did not object when his phone contact with the children ceased.
Furthermore, Father has had multiple prior contacts with DCS, including a
CHINS case in which he participated in multiple services. Notwithstanding
prior substance abuse treatment and counseling, he has continued to use illegal
substances—while caring for his children, no less—and engage in criminal
activity.
[20] Given this record, we find that the juvenile court did not err by finding that
DCS proved by clear and convincing evidence that there is a reasonable
probability that the conditions that led to the children’s removal from Father’s
care would not be remedied. Therefore, we find that the juvenile court did not
err by terminating the parent-child relationship.
[21] The judgment of the juvenile court is affirmed.
Vaidik, C.J., and Riley, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 23A01-1409-JT-420 | March 11, 2015 Page 10 of 10
In the Matter of the Termination of the Parent-Child Relationship of: D.R., L.R., & S.R. (Minor Children), A.R. (Father) v. The Indiana Department of Child Services (mem. dec.)
Combined Opinion