J-S18027-15
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
RALPH RESCIGNO,
Appellant No. 1681 & 1682 EDA 2014
Appeal from the Judgments of Sentence entered December 6, 2014,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County,
Criminal Division, at No(s): CP-51-CR-0003121-2011
& CP-51-CR-0002428-2011
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., ALLEN, and MUNDY, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY ALLEN, J.: FILED MARCH 16, 2015
Ralph Rescigno (“Appellant”) appeals from the judgment of sentences
imposed after Appellant, at docket CP-51-CR-0003121, pled nolo contendere
to one count of aggravated assault, possession of a firearm by a person
prohibited, and possession of an instrument of crime; and at docket CP-51-
CR-0002428, pled nolo contendere to one count of aggravated assault,
possession of a firearm by a person prohibited, and possession of an
instrument of crime.1
The trial court sentenced Appellant to concurrent terms of five (5) to
ten (10) years of incarceration for the aggravated assault convictions, and
concurrent two and a half (2½) to five (5) years of incarceration on each
____________________________________________
1
18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2702, 6105, and 907, respectively.
J-S18027-15
count of the possession of a firearm by a person prohibited and possession
of an instrument of crime convictions.
Appellant filed a motion to withdraw his nolo contendere pleas on
January 10, 2014. The trial court convened a hearing on April 17, 2014, and
on May 8, 2014, denied Appellant’s motion. Appellant filed a timely appeal.
Both Appellant and the trial court have complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
Appellant presents two issues for our review:
I. Whether the Trial Court erred by denying Defendant /
Appellant’s Motion to Withdraw Nolo Contendere Plea as
pre-sentence rules should apply because Defendant /
Appellant asked his lawyer at the time to withdraw the
plea one day after it was entered.
II. Whether the Trial Court erred in calculating Defendant /
Appellant’s prior record score where it calculated a
“burglary from automobile” (New Jersey) which is the
equivalent of a misdemeanor the same as “burglary”
(Pennsylvania) which is a felony?
Appellant’s Brief at 4.
In his first issue, Appellant does not dispute that he sought to
withdraw his nolo contendere pleas after he was sentenced. Rather, the
crux of Appellant’s argument is that “his counsel did not advise him properly
of his plea agreement and therefore his nolo plea was coerced.” See
Appellant’s Brief at 9. At this juncture, we may not review Appellant’s claim
of trial counsel’s ineffectiveness. Our Supreme Court recently “reaffirmed”
that with few exceptions, claims of ineffective assistance of counsel are to be
deferred to PCRA review; trial courts should not entertain claims of
-2-
J-S18027-15
ineffectiveness upon post-verdict motions, and such claims should not be
reviewed upon direct appeal. Commonwealth v. Holmes, 79 A.3d 562, 576
(Pa. 2013). Our Supreme Court stated:
By way of summary, we hold that Grant's [813 A.2d 726
(Pa. 2002)] general rule of deferral to PCRA review remains the
pertinent law on the appropriate timing for review of claims of
ineffective assistance of counsel; we disapprove of expansions of
the exception to that rule recognized in Bomar [826 A.2d 831
(Pa. 2003)]; and we limit Bomar, a case litigated in the trial
court before Grant was decided and at a time when new counsel
entering a case upon post-verdict motions was required to raise
ineffectiveness claims at the first opportunity, to its pre-Grant
facts. We recognize two exceptions, however, both falling within
the discretion of the trial judge.
Id. at 563.
Although we decline to reach Appellant’s specific ineffectiveness claim,
we otherwise reject Appellant’s argument regarding the validity of his nolo
contendere pleas. Our review reveals no trial court error or abuse of
discretion in the trial court’s denial, after hearing, of Appellant’s motion to
withdraw his nolo contendere pleas. The Honorable Steven R. Geroff, sitting
as the trial court, has addressed the validity of Appellant’s pleas without
addressing the alleged ineffectiveness of trial counsel. In his July 24, 2014
opinion, Judge Geroff capably and persuasively discusses the validity of
Appellant’s pleas, citing both prevailing case law and the notes of testimony
from the plea hearing. Trial Court Opinion, 7/24/14, at 3-5. Accordingly,
we adopt the trial court’s analysis.
-3-
J-S18027-15
With regard to Appellant’s second issue regarding the trial court’s
calculation of his prior record score, the Commonwealth asserts waiver on
the basis that Appellant is challenging the discretionary aspects of his
sentence, and has failed to preserve this claim with the trial court at the
sentencing hearing or in a motion to modify his sentence; the
Commonwealth further asserts that Appellant has failed to include a
Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) statement in his appellate brief, to which the
Commonwealth objects. See Commonwealth Brief at 12-13. Upon review
of the record (including docket entries and notes of testimony from the
December 6, 2013 sentencing hearing) as well as Appellant’s brief, we
agree.
Moreover, within his brief, Appellant does not articulate or detail how
his prior record score should have been reduced or calculated based on his
New Jersey conviction, or the impact of such reduction or calculation on his
sentence. See Appellant’s Brief at 14-15 (generally asserting “the New
Jersey Burglary conviction of Defendant / Appellant should have been
counted as a misdemeanor, not a felony in calculating Defendant /
Appellant’s prior record score”). Thus, this claim is further waived because
Appellant has failed to fully develop his legal argument. See, e.g.,
Commonwealth v. Johnson, 985 A.2d 915, 924 (Pa. 2009) (where an
appellate brief fails to provide any discussion of a claim with citation to
relevant authority or fails to develop the issue in any other meaningful
fashion capable of review, that claim is waived).
-4-
J-S18027-15
In the absence of waiver, we note that the trial court explained that
Appellant’s sentences are “below the guideline range”, and that Appellant
was “not prejudiced” by the imposition of a prior record score of 5. Trial
Court Opinion, 7/24/14, at 7.
Based on the foregoing, we incorporate the trial court’s July 24, 2014
opinion with this Memorandum in disposing of this appeal. We affirm the
judgments of sentence without prejudice to Appellant to pursue post-
conviction relief pursuant to the Post-Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”) 42
Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-46.
Judgments of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 3/16/2015
-5-
Circulated 02/27/2015 11:18 AM
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRJCT OF PENNSYLVANIA
TRJAL DIVISION - CRJMINAL SECTION
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA CP-SI-CR-0003I2I- 2011
CP-SI-CR-0002428- 2011
v.
SUPERJOR COURT
NO. 1681 EDA 2014
RALPH RESCIGNO NO. 1682 EDA 2014
FILED
OPINION JUL 2 ~ 2014
Criminal Appeals Unit
Arst Judicial District of PA
GEROFF, J. JULY 24, 2014
I. PROCEDURAL mSTORY
On September 24,2013, the Defendant, Ralph Rescigno, appeared before this court and
entered a plea of nolo contendere to one count of aggravated assault, possession offireann by person
prohibited, and possession of an instrument of crime on bill of information CP-SJ-CR-0003121-
2011.' On bill of information CP-SI-CR-0002428-2011, the Defendant entered a plea of nolo
I Instead of the district attorney summarizing the evidence to which the Defendant intended to plead no
contest, counsel stipulated to the facts contained in the Commonwealth's packet of discovery. (NT 9124113, pp. 24
25). A!i set forth in the discovery packet, the underlying facts of this case are as follows : In his home located at 2607
Circulated 02/27/2015 11:18 AM
contendere to one count of aggravated assault, possession of fireann by person prohibited, and
possession of an instrument of crime? This court accepted the Defendant's plea and deferred
sentencing pending a pre-sentence investigation and mental health evaluation.
On December 6, 2013, this court sentenced the Defendant to a concurrent term offive (5) to
ten (10) years of incarceration On each charge of aggravated assault. Concurrent tenns of two and
one half(2Y2) to five (5) years of incarceration were imposed on each count of po ssession offirearm
by person prohibited and possession oran instrument of crime. On January 10,2014, a Motion to
Withdraw Plea of Nolo Contendere. Following a hearing on April 17, 2014, Defendant' s motion to
withdraw his nolo contendere plea was denied on May 8, 2014. The Defendant filed a Notice of
Appeal and a Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal pursuant to Pa. R.A.P. Rule 1925 (b)
on or about May 21,2014.
II. ISSUES ON APPEAL
The Defendant raised the following issues verbatim on appeal:
1. Whether the Trial Court erred by denying Defendant's Motion to Withdraw Nolo
Contendere Plea as pre-sentence rules should apply because Defendant asked his lawyer at the time
S. 7th Street on September 27,2010, the Defendant shot his ex-girlfriend's sixteen year old daughter, Marlo
Straccione, Jr., with a rifle. Ms. Straccione suffered injuries to her right upper leglbuttock area. (N. T. 9/24/13, p.
25).
2 Instead ofrhe district attorney summarizing the evidence to which the Defendant imend:d to plead no
contest, counsel stipulated to the facts contained in the Commonwealth's packet of discovery. (NT 9124113, pp. 24
25). As set forth in the discovery packet, !he underlying facts of this case are as foHows: On September 26, 20 ]0,
the Defendant assaulted his ex-girlfriend, Marlo Straccione, Sr., with a firearm. On September 27, 20 10, the
Defendant struck Ms. Straccione multiple times with a hammer and choked her until she was unconscious. (N.T.
9/24113, pp. 26-27).
2
Circulated 02/27/2015 11:18 AM
to withdraw the plea ooe day after it was entered.
2. Whether the Trial Court erred in calculating Defendant's prior record score where it
calculated a " burglary from automobil e" (New Jersey) 'vvhi ch is the equivalent of a misdemeanor the
same as "burglary" (PelUlsylvania) which is a felony ?
III. DISCUSSION
Defendant 's first claim is that the court abused its d iscretion in denying his motion to
withdraw his plea of nolo contendere. Defendant asserts that he should be allowed to withdraw his
plea because he has steadfastly maintained his ifUlocence and now desires to have a triaL (NT.
411 7114, pp. 22, 24). He argues that even though the mo tion to withdraw his nolo contendere plea
was made post-sentence, his motion shouJd be judged by pre-sentence standards (any " fair and just"
reason) and, therefore, be granted. (NT. 411 711 4, pp.35-36).
A plea of nolo contendere is treated the same as a guilty plea. Corrunonwealth Y. S tork, 1999
PA Super 21 2,737 A.2d 789, 790-91 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1999) cUing Commonwealth v. Boatwright, 404
Pa.Super. 75, 590 A.2d 15, 19 (199 1). There are two different standards for withdrawal of a plea.
When amotion to withdraw a plea is made prior to sentencing, the motion should be granted where
the defendant has offered a "fair and just reason." Commonwealth v. Gunter, 565 Pa. 79, 771 A.2d
767 (2001). See also Commonwealth v. Forbes. 450 Pa. 185, 299 A.2d 268 (1973), and also,
Commonwealth v. Randolph, 553 Pa. 224, 718 A.2d 1242 (1998). To withdraw a plea prior to
sentencing, Pa.R.C rim .P. 591 provides, "At any time before the imposition of sr;:ntence, the court
may, in its discretion, permit, upOn motion ofthe defendant, Or direct, sua sponte, the withdrawal of
,.
Circulated 02/27/2015 11:18 AM
a plea of guilty or nolo contendere and the substi tution of a plea of not guilty. Pa.R.Crim.P. 591 (A).
On the other hand, in order to withdraw a plea after sentencing the defendant must show that the
court, by denying withdrawal, would be sanctioning a manifest injustice. Manifest injustice is shown
when a plea is entered into "involuntarily, unknowingly, or unintelligently." Commonwealth v.
Stork, 737 A.2d 789 (Pa. Super. 1999); See also Commonwealth v. Persinger. 532 Pa. 317, 615 A.2d
1305 (1992); Commonweal th v. Shaffer, 446 A.2d 591, 593 (Pa. 1982).
Post-sentence attempts to withdraw a plea impose amore substantial burden on the defendant
"because of the recognition that a plea withdrawal can be used a sentence-testing device."
Commonwealth v. Shaffer, 446 A.2d 591,593 (Pa. 1982)quolingCommonwealth v. Starr, 301 A.2d
at 594. Defendant's disappointment with the length of his sentence does not represent adequate
grounds for post-sentence wi thdraw of a plea. See Commonwealth v. Munson. 615 A2d 343, (Pa.
Super. 1992). Once a defendant has entered a plea of guilty, it is presumed that he was aware of
what he was doing, and the burden of proving involuntariness is upon rum . Commonwealth v. Stork,
supra. Citing Commonwealth v. Myers, 434 Pa. Super. 221, 642 A.2d 1103, 1105 (1994)(quotation
and ci tations omitted). Therefore, where the record Clearly demonstrates that a guilty plea colloquy
was conducted, during which it became evident that the defendant understood the nature of the
charges against him , the vohmtariness of the plea is established. Id. (quotations omitted). A
defendant is bound by the statements he makes during his plea colloquy and may not assert grounds
for withdrawing the plea which contradict statements made when he pled. Stork, supra. citing
Commonwealth v. Lewis, 708 A.2d 497 (Pa.Super.1998).
,
4
Circulated 02/27/2015 11:18 AM
Here, Defendant's challenge to the nolo contendere plea was made after sentencing, and the
standard for withdrawing a plea is manifest injustice. Commonwealth v. Jackson, 390 Pa. Super.
639,569 A.2d 964 (J 990). Contrary to Defendant'S claim that pre-sentence rules must apply, he did
not petition the court to withdraw his plea of nolo contendere until more than a month had passed
after he was sentenced. He must show that the court's denial resulted in manifest injustice.
During the nolo contendere plea colloquy in this matter, this court went to great lengths to
determine the voluntariness of the Defendant's actions. The record indicates that Defendant fully
understood the nature and the consequences of his plea and knowingly and voluntarily pled guilty.
(N.T. 9/24/13, pp. 14-27). The Defendant stated in open court that he understood what he was doing
and that he was pleading guilty of his own volition. ld. at 15. The Defendant acknowledged that no
promises were made to him and that no one induced him to plead against his wishes. Jd. at 15-16.
Defendant acknowledged that he understood the nature of the charges against him and that he had
sufficient time to discuss his options with his attorney.ld. at 16. Defendant acknowledged that he
was satisfied with the representation of his lawyer. Jd. at 16. The facts were overwhelmingly
sufficient to support the offenses to which Defendant pled. Defendant's own testimony revealed that
he made a voluntary plea and was knowledgeable of the charges.
A review of the totality of the circumstances surrounding the aforementioned colloquy
assures this court that Defendant's nolo contendere plea was voluntarily, knowingly and intelligently
made. All ofthe requisite inquiries were conducted, and the Defendant made clear that he understood
the nature and consequences of the plea. Hence, this court did not err in denying Defendant's post-
sentence motion for withdrawal of his nolo contendere plea.
l
Circulated 02/27/2015 11:18 AM
The Defendant's final argument is that the court erred in calculating his prior record scare as
five (5) points, instead of four (4) points. According to the Defendant, it was error for this court to
consider his New Jersey conviction for burglary and criminal mischief to be the equivalent of a
fe lony 2 burg lary and given a value of twO (2) points toward his prior record score. Defendant
contends that this New Jersey conviction should have added only one (1) point to hi s prior record
score, as trus offense is rhe equivalent of the crime oftheft from motOr vehicle (18 Pa.e.S. §3934)
under Pennsylvania law. Due to this alleged error, the Defendant is seeking an aggregate sentence of
two and one half (2~) to five (5) years of incarceration as opposed to the aggregate sentence of five
(5) to ten (lO) years of incarceration actually imposed. Defendant's claim fails, as any alleged errOr
in calculating his prior record SCOre was harmless beyond reasonable doubt. His sentence would not
have been lower but for the difference of one (l) point to his prior record score.
At sentencing, defense counsel stated that Defendant's prior record score was a five (5) and
there was no argument over the accuracy of the presentence report . (N.T., 1216113, p. 18). The
most serious offense - aggravated assault - was determined to have an offense gravity score of eleven
(I I). Applying the deadly weapon enhancemenUused sentencing matrix, found at 204 Pa. Code §
303.17b, and a prior record score of five (5), the Defendant was subject fo a minimum sentence of
ninety (90) to one hundred and eight (108) months, plus or minus twelve (12) months. (NT 12/6/13,
p. 18). Applyingthedeadly weapon enhancement/used sentencing matrix and a prior record score of
four (4), the Defendant would have been subject to a minimum sentence of seventy eight (78) to
njnety six (96) months, plus or minus twelve (J 2) months.
Even assuming that the court used a prior record score of four (4), the Defendant was still
6
Circulated 02/27/2015 11:18 AM
facing guidelines in the mitigated range offive and one-half years ofincarceralioo. (Five (5)
years of incarceration was actually imposed in this case).
In fash..ioning a sentence !.hal included an aggregate period of incarceration for a minimum of
five (5) years to a maximum often (1 0) years, this court carefully considered that Defendant was
pleading nolo contendere to (among other charges) two separate instances of aggravated assault
which involved the use offirearms. One assault victimized th e Defendant's own girlfriend; the other
in volved his shooting his girlfriend's teenage daughter and seriously injuring her. Even [hough
Defendant's acts were of a violent nature, this court, after hearing testimony about Defendant 's
sirong work ethic and family support, gave the Defendant concurrent minimum sentences offive (5)
years of incarceration. The sentence imposed is below the guideline range for a crime with an
offense gravity· soore of eleven (l 1) points and a prior record score offive (5) points, and also below
the guideline range for a crime with an offense gravity score of eleven (1 1) points and a prior record
score of four (4) points. This court is confident in stating that Defendant' s mitigated sentence was
appropriate and just lUlder the circumstances; it would not have been altered, bad the court accepted
Defendant's prior record score as four points (4), instead of as five (5) points.
Contrary to the Defendant's claim, applying a prior record score of five (5), instead offour
(4), was harmless error as Defendant's sentence would not have been different. Accordingly,
Defendant has not been prejudiced, and thus any error by the court was harml ess beyond reasonable
doubt. Therefore, no relief is due, as Defendant has not suffered any prej udice.
7
Circulated 02/27/2015 11:18 AM
IV. CONCLUSION
In summary, this court has carefully reviewed the entire record and finds no harmful,
prejudiciaJ, or reversible error and nothing to justify the granting of Defendant's request for relief
in this case. For the reasons set forth above, Defendant' s judgment of sentence should be
affirmed.
BY THE COURT:
8
Com. v. Rescigno, R.
Combined Opinion