J-A33036-14
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
DOMENIC A. TRICOME
Appellant No. 1581 EDA 2014
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence of April 9, 2014
In the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County
Criminal Division at No.: CP-47-CR-0005855-2012
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., WECHT, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY WECHT, J.: FILED MARCH 20, 2015
Domenic A. Tricome appeals pro se the judgment of sentence entered
on April 9, 2014. As a consequence of Tricome’s pervasive non-compliance
with our rules of appellate procedure, we dismiss Tricome’s appeal.
On July 21, 2012, Tricome sent Ethan Barlieb, Esq., a threatening
voicemail message. At that time, Barlieb was an attorney who represented
an opposing party in a civil lawsuit between Tricome and his former business
partner. Tricome’s July 21, 2012 voicemail provided as follows: “Hey you
fucking coward. I sued ya. You’re lucky I didn’t put a bullet in your head.
You fucking piece of shit, pussy. You’re dead. You’re fucking dead. You
better hope that you go to jail, pussy.” Trial Court Opinion (“T.C.O.”),
____________________________________________
*
Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-A33036-14
7/2/2014, at 2. On July 23, 2012, Barlieb contacted Detective Dirk Boughter
of the Montgomery County Detective Bureau (the investigative branch of the
Montgomery County District Attorney’s Office), who identified Tricome as the
source of the threatening message.
On July 24, 2012, Tricome was arrested and charged with terroristic
threats and harassment.1 On January 8, 2014, a jury found Tricome guilty
of those offenses. At his sentencing hearing on April 9, 2014, Tricome
informed the court that he wanted to represent himself both at sentencing
and on appeal, and signed a written waiver-of-counsel colloquy. The trial
court then sentenced Tricome to a two-year term of probation.
On April 21, 2014, Tricome timely filed a post-sentence motion, which
the trial court denied on April 24, 2014.2 On May 22, 2014, Tricome timely
filed a notice of appeal. On May 28, 2014, the trial court ordered Tricome to
file a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to
____________________________________________
1
See 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 2706, 2709, respectively.
2
The trial court incorrectly states that Tricome’s post-sentence motion,
which he filed on April 21, 2014, was untimely filed. T.C.O. at 1 n.2. Our
review of the record reveals that Tricome’s judgment of sentence was
entered on April 9, 2014. Hence, he was required to file any post-sentence
motions on or before April 19, 2014. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(A)(1) (“[A]
written post-sentence motion shall be filed no later than 10 days after
imposition of sentence.”). However, April 19, 2014, fell on a Saturday.
Accordingly, Tricome’s April 21, 2014 post-sentence motion was timely filed.
See 1 Pa.C.S. § 1908 (“Whenever the last day of any such period shall fall
on Saturday or Sunday . . . such day shall be omitted from the
computation.”).
-2-
J-A33036-14
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) within twenty-one days. Tricome timely complied, filing a
rambling statement that spanned thirteen pages and raised twenty-eight
allegations of trial court error. On July 2, 2014, the trial court issued an
opinion pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a).3
Tricome now presents five issues for our review:
1. Was the arrest legal?
2. If the arrest was legal, should a new trial be granted?
3. If a new trial is granted, should presiding Judge William
Carpenter be removed?
4. If a new trial is granted, should the Montgomery County,
Pennsylvania District Attorney’s Office be disqualified?
5. Should a special prosecutor be appointed?
____________________________________________
3
The trial court docketed Tricome’s Rule 1925(b) statement on June 20,
2014, twenty-three days after the trial court’s order. Nevertheless, our
Rules of Appellate Procedure provide that the filing of a concise statement
“shall be complete on mailing if appellant obtains a United States Postal
Service Form 3817, Certificate of Mailing, or other similar United States
Postal Service form from which the date of deposit can be verified in
compliance with the requirements set forth in Pa.R.A.P. 1112(c).” See
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(1). Satisfactory confirmation that Tricome mailed the
statement on June 18, 2014, was attached to his Rule 1925(b) statement.
Several days later, upon noting the trial court’s June 20, 2014 docketing,
Tricome filed a document identifying the discrepancy and attaching another
tracking form that satisfied the rule. Tricome’s concise statement was filed
timely.
In an unpublished memorandum filed on January 12, 2015, however,
we affirmed Tricome’s judgment of sentence on the erroneous basis that
Tricome’s Rule 1925(b) statement had been untimely filed. On January 26,
2015, Tricome filed an application for reargument noting our error. On
March 6, 2015, we granted panel reconsideration and withdrew our January
12, 2015, memorandum to rectify our oversight. This memorandum does
so.
-3-
J-A33036-14
Brief for Tricome at 1-2.
We find that all of Tricome’s issues are waived due to numerous
technical and substantive defects in his appellate brief. Pennsylvania Rule of
Appellate Procedure 2101 provides that, when a brief does not “conform in
all material respects with the requirements of these rules as nearly as the
circumstances of the particular case will admit, . . . if the defects . . . are
substantial, the appeal . . . may be quashed or dismissed.” Pa.R.A.P. 2101;
see Commonwealth v. Dozier, 99 A.3d 106, 111 (Pa. Super. 2014).
First, as a structural matter, Tricome does not include a summary of
his argument, as is required by Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure
2111(a)(6); see Pa.R.A.P. 2118 (requiring a “concise, but accurate,
summary of the arguments presented”).4 Tricome also fails to comply with
Rule 2115, which requires that “[t]he text of the order or other
determination from which an appeal has been taken or which is otherwise
sought to be reviewed shall be set forth verbatim immediately following the
statement of jurisdiction.” Pa.R.A.P. 2115(a).
Among several substantive deficiencies, Tricome has failed to present
his statement of the case and his argument as separate and distinct sections
of his brief in accordance with Rule 2111(a). Instead, Tricome collapses his
statement of the case and argument sections into a single muddled and
____________________________________________
4
In fairness, given the brevity and incoherence of Tricome’s
“argument,” as set forth infra, there was not much to summarize.
-4-
J-A33036-14
conclusory paragraph. See Brief for Tricome at 2. Tricome submits an
approximately 150-word diatribe in lieu of what should be the cornerstone of
his appellate brief:
This action was Defendant Tricome’s first arrest, and he had very
little knowledge about a criminal proceeding. Defendant Tricome
was arrested, because he sued an ex-Assistant District Attorney.
And, Defendant Tricome was arrested, because he contacted
prosecutor District Attorney Risa Vetri-Ferman many times about
problems. Public Defender Luis Ortiz stated to Defendant
Tricome many times, a few in writing, that presiding Judge
William Carpenter would not allow the jury to know most of the
evidence and the related witnesses notated in Statement of
Errors per Rule 1925(b), which is reproduced as Appendix B
(App. 2 to App. 23), and the Reply to the Opinion of the
Statement of Errors per Rule 1925(b), which is reproduced as
Appendix D (App. 33 to App. 38). So, most of the evidence was
not submitted during the trial, and the witnesses did not testify
during the trial. The evidence would have led to an acquittal.
Defendant Tricome was sentenced to two years[’] probation.
Please read the Appendices.
Id. (verbatim).
Assuming that Tricome intended for this paragraph to constitute a
statement of his case, he has failed to comply with Pa.R.A.P. 2117. The
above language is anything but “a balanced presentation of the history of
the proceedings and the respective contentions of the parties.”
Pa.R.A.P. 2117(b). Neither is it “[a] closely condensed chronological
statement, in narrative form, of all the facts which are necessary to be
known in order to determine the points in controversy.”
Pa.R.A.P. 2117(a)(4). Finally, Tricome also fails to direct us to “the place in
-5-
J-A33036-14
the record where the evidence substantiating [his assertions] may be
found.” Pa.R.A.P. 2117(a)(4).5
To the extent that Tricome intended for the above passage to serve as
his argument, it is self-evidently deficient. Tricome’s conclusory paragraph
contains no coherent legal argument and does not address in any detail the
issues that he purports to raise on appeal (i.e., the legality of his arrest, the
disqualification of the Montgomery County District Attorney’s office, and the
appointment of a special prosecutor). Furthermore, Tricome does not divide
his argument into as many sections as there are questions presented, with
each section corresponding to one question. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a) (“The
argument shall be divided into as many parts as there are questions to be
argued; and shall have at the head of each part . . . the particular point
treated therein, followed by such discussion and citation of authorities as are
deemed pertinent.”).
Tricome’s most egregious error, however, is his complete failure to
include any citations to the certified record or to any pertinent legal
authorities. Tricome endeavors to supplement his cursory effort by
incorporating into his argument section two additional documents, which he
attaches to his brief. Brief for Tricome at 2 (“Please read the Appendices.”).
____________________________________________
5
In this regard, many of Tricome’s assertions appear to rely upon facts
entirely outside of the record, which we cannot consider. See
Commonwealth v. Rios, 684 A.2d 1025, 1035 (Pa. 1996); Pa.R.A.P. 1921,
note.
-6-
J-A33036-14
The first of these documents, Tricome’s Rule 1925(b) statement, consists of
a rambling narrative filled with self-serving allegations of conspiracy and
collusion by various government officials. Also appended to Tricome’s brief
and purportedly incorporated therein in lieu of argument is his “Reply to July
2, 2014 Order,”6 which we are prohibited from considering because it is
neither docketed in the trial court nor contained within the certified record.
See Commonwealth v. Preston, 904 A.2d 1, 6 (Pa. Super. 2006) (“[A]n
appellate court is limited to considering only the materials in the certified
record when resolving an issue.”). More importantly, this Court and our
Supreme Court have held with absolute clarity that presenting an issue via
“incorporation by reference” is “unacceptable,” because “[t]he allowance of
incorporation by reference would enable wholesale circumvention of our
appellate rules which set forth the fundamental requirements every
appellate brief must meet.” Commonwealth v. Veon, 1698 MDA 2012,
2168 MDA 2012, ___ A.3d ____, 2015 WL 500887, at *15 (Pa. Super. Feb.
6, 2015) (internal quotation marks omitted). Indeed, this violation alone
____________________________________________
6
The “order” to which this refers in fact is the trial court’s Rule 1925(a)
opinion. Notably, because Tricome’s appeal was pending when Tricome
submitted this “reply,” the trial court lacked jurisdiction to address Tricome’s
filing or otherwise act in this matter.
-7-
J-A33036-14
has been held to warrant waiver of any issue that an appellant purports to
argue by reference to other judicial submissions. Id.7
While this Court may overlook minor defects or omissions in an
appellant’s brief, we will not act as his or her appellate counsel. To facilitate
expeditious and orderly appellate review, our rules require an appellant to
provide in the argument section of his or her brief “such discussion and
citation of authorities as are deemed pertinent.” Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a). Failure
to do so results in waiver. Commonwealth v. B.D.G., 959 A.2d 362, 371-
72 (Pa. Super. 2008) (“When an appellant fails to develop his issue in an
argument and fails to cite any legal authority, the issue is waived.”); see
also Pa.R.A.P. 2101 (“[I]f the defects in the brief . . . are substantial, the
appeal . . . may be quashed or dismissed.”).
Although this Court is willing to liberally construe materials filed
by a pro se litigant, pro se status confers no special benefit upon
the appellant. To the contrary, any person choosing to represent
himself in a legal proceeding must, to a reasonable extent,
assume that his lack of expertise and legal training will be his
undoing.
In re Ullman, 995 A.2d 1207, 1211-12 (Pa. Super. 2010) (some citations
omitted).
____________________________________________
7
In any event, the appendices Tricome would have us consult to save
him the effort of preparing an appropriate substantive argument suffer from
the same deficiencies as the rest of his brief because they contain no
coherent legal argument or citation to the record or pertinent legal authority.
-8-
J-A33036-14
It should come as no surprise to Tricome that our Rules of Appellate
Procedure license us to dismiss or quash an appeal when the defects of an
appellant’s brief are substantial. On two recent occasions we have done
precisely that to Tricome’s appeals in other matters. See Tricome v.
Automattic, Inc., No. 2370 EDA 2012 (Pa. Super. March 26, 2013)
(quashing Tricome’s appeal due to the substantial deficiencies in his pro se
appellate brief); Tricome v. Welch, 2380 EDA 2010, slip op. at 2
(Pa. Super. July 6, 2011) (“Appellant’s brief evidences almost a complete
failure to abide by the Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate Procedure,” as a
result of which “we are unable to conduct meaningful review.” (citation and
internal quotation marks omitted)). And in his most recent appearance
before this Court, although we briefly reviewed the issues presented, we
again noted Tricome’s failure to comply substantially with the rules
governing the presentation of argument before this Court. See Tricome v.
LaRiviere, No. 3161 EDA 2013 (Pa. Super. Aug. 27, 2014).
Notwithstanding our prior admonitions and adverse rulings in other
matters, Tricome once again has failed to present his case to this Court in a
manner sufficient to enable effective appellate review. Because the
inadequacies in Tricome’s brief prevent us from ascertaining whether there is
any possible merit to his appeal, we find all of Tricome’s issues to be waived.
-9-
J-A33036-14
See Pa.R.A.P. 2101 (“[I]f the defects in the brief . . . are substantial, the
appeal . . . may be quashed or dismissed.”).8
Appeal dismissed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 3/20/2015
____________________________________________
8
Tricome’s generally quixotic campaign against various perceived
injustices is impressive, as is the umbrage and animus his litigiousness
reflects. As this case amply demonstrates, having unsuccessfully sought
redress in the form of civil remedies, see Tricome v. Chunias, 134 S.Ct.
619 (2013) (denying Tricome’s petition for writ of certiorari); Tricome v.
McLaughlin, 132 S.Ct. 404 (2011) (same); Tricome v. ebay, Inc., 131
S.Ct. 529 (2010) (same), Tricome evidently has graduated to bald threats of
grievous, even lethal harm. Already having been convicted in the instant
matter of terroristic threats, Tricome now has turned his ire toward this
Court. Specifically, in the petition for reargument that prompted our
reconsideration in this matter, Tricome brazenly promises that he “will take
the lawsuits as far as possible. If the judicial system continues to fail, [he]
will be forced (allowed) to take matters ‘into his own hands.’ Please do not
let it get that far.” Petition for Reargument, 1/26/2015, at 3. Aside from
the fact that his conviction makes clear that Tricome already has attempted
to “take matters into his own hands,” this Court might well interpret this as
a direct threat. At a minimum, it suggests an ultimatum crafted to
manipulate this Court into issuing a favorable ruling. The former, of course,
would be profoundly improper, and a matter that this Court would take most
seriously. The latter merely is foolhardy and ineffectual. In any event, we
merely respond that, if Tricome insists upon flouting our rules of procedure
in case after case, we will continue to quash or dismiss appeal after appeal.
- 10 -