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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
LEO ALFRED GLODZIK, III
Appellant No. 1198 MDA 2014
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered July 11, 2014
In the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County
Criminal Division at No: CP 40 CR2863-2013
BEFORE: PANELLA, J., OTT, J., and MUSMANNO, J.
MEMORANDUM BY PANELLA, J. FILED APRIL 01, 2015
Appellant, Leo Alfred Glodzik, III, appeals from the judgment of
sentence entered on July 11, 2014, by the Court of Common Pleas of
Luzerne County after a jury convicted him of one count of theft by unlawful
taking of movable property.1 We affirm.
Appellant owned and operated LAG Towing and had a contract with the
City of Wilkes-Barre. In January 2013, a Pennsylvania State Trooper,
assigned to the FBI’s Safe Streets Task Force that was investigating
corruption in the city of Wilkes-Barre, went undercover to be a “dirty cop”
allegedly in charge of a regional drug task force. The trooper met with
Appellant on January 14, 2013, to arrange for LAG Towing to tow vehicles
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1
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3921.
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seized in connection with drug arrests, in exchange for Appellant providing a
kickback to the undercover trooper.
A couple of weeks later, the trooper called Appellant to tow a vehicle.
The car actually belonged to the Lackawanna County Auto Theft Task Force.
Appellant arrived at the tow site and asked about the circumstances behind
the vehicle seizure. The trooper told him that police officers had found a kilo
of drugs and $25,000 in the vehicle. Appellant asked the trooper what
generally happened to the cash found in the seized cars, to which the officer
responded that the money goes into evidence. The car was towed to LAG
Towing and placed in the impound lot.
The undercover trooper followed Appellant into the LAG Towing office.
As they walked towards Appellant’s office, Appellant told the trooper to “pick
it up.” N.T., 5/12/14, at 81; R.R. at 23a. He did not say what it was he
wanted him to pick up, but Appellant then crumpled something up and threw
it on a table as they passed by. The trooper picked up the crumpled item,
which was a $100.00 bill. When they got to Appellant’s office, Appellant
again asked what was done with cash seized from vehicles. The trooper
explained that money found in a seized “drug” car was put into a drug fund
and reused. Appellant then suggested to the trooper that he place the
money found in drug cars under the seat and they would split it between
them after the car had been towed. See id., at 84; R.R. 24a.
On January 29, 2013, the officer called Appellant to tow a vehicle
supposedly involved in a drug arrest, informing him that $2,100 cash was in
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the ashtray of the vehicle. When the vehicle arrived at LAG Towing, the
trooper watched Appellant remove the cash from the ashtray and put it in
his pocket. Appellant then went into the building, counted the cash,
pocketed $1,000, and wrapped $1,100 in a white paper towel before
handing it to the trooper. As he handed the undercover trooper’s “take” to
him, Appellant said, “it’s 11:00, it’s 11:00 right?” N.T. at 88; R.R. 25a. It
was actually about 7:00 at night. The trooper just nodded and put the
money in his pocket.
Appellant was subsequently arrested and charged with theft of
movable property and theft from a motor vehicle. After a jury trial, he was
convicted of theft of movable property and sentenced to 3 months to 12
months’ incarceration.2 No post-sentence motions were filed. Appellant
timely appealed to this this Court.3
In this appeal, Appellant briefed the following three issues:4
a. Whether the trial court erred in unilaterally excluding
prospective juror, Linda Bloss, from the jury pool without
requiring the Commonwealth to inquire and try to disqualify
her.
b. Whether the trial court erred when it sustained the
Commonwealth’s objection to defense counsel’s question
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2
Appellant was acquitted of the charge of theft from a motor vehicle.
3
The trial court and Appellant complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
4
Appellant actually raised five issues, but indicated in his brief that he was
withdrawing all but the three listed herein.
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about whether the Defendant had the opportunity to steal
$100,000 that was hidden in a drug car which he had towed
but instead called the police to report it.
c. Whether the evidence was insufficient to convict the
Defendant of theft by unlawful taking or disposition since [the
trooper] directed the Defendant to remove the money from
the vehicle and then count it out.
In his first issue, Appellant avers that the trial court erred in sustaining
a challenge for cause of a juror because the juror had never indicated that
she could not be impartial, and had not indicated that she had a fixed
opinion about the case or about law enforcement in general. This issue has
no merit.
The decision to remove a juror for cause rests within the discretion of
the trial judge, and appellate courts will not reverse “in the absence of a
palpable abuse of discretion.” Commonwealth v. Bomar, 104 A.3d 1179,
1214-15 (Pa. 2014) (citation omitted). “[J]urors should be disqualified for
cause when they do not have the ability or willingness to eliminate the
influences under which they are operating and therefore cannot render a
verdict according to the evidence.” Id., at 1215 (citation omitted). “A
juror’s biases need not be proven with unmistaken clarity.”
Commonwealth v. Baumhammers, 92 A.3d 708, 742 (Pa. 2014). Our
Supreme Court has determined that there is no error in disqualifying a juror
who does “not ‘feel comfortable about having to make a decision about
someone else’s life.’” Id. (citation omitted).
In the instant case, the trial court stated:
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Ms. Bloss had a very close relative, a grandson, charged with a
crime involving a minor child. A review of the colloquy that
occurred on May 12, 2014, between the [c]ourt, Attorney
Sanguedolce, Attorney Sklarosky, Sr., and Ms. Bloss reveals an
‘at length’ discussion. Importantly, this [c]ourt recalls how
uncomfortable, hesitant[,] and emotional Ms. Bloss became.
She did not want to talk about her grandson’s case. More
importantly, she related it would be very hard for her because of
what happened with her grandson’s case to sit and judge this
Defendant. She stated ‘it would be difficult.’ This [c]ourt not
only heard Ms. Bloss’ answers, but observed how hesitant and
unsettled she felt to be a part of this process. As such, [the]
motion to strike the juror for cause was granted.
Trial Court Opinion, dated 9/4/14, at 3.
Appellant’s observation of what Ms. Bloss did not say during voir dire
does not address the trial court’s observation of the juror’s demeanor which
informed the trial court’s proper exercise of its discretion in excusing her for
cause. See Baumhammers, 92 A.3d at 742. He has failed to establish
that the trial court abused its discretion. We, thus, conclude this issue has
no merit.5
In his next issue, Appellant maintains that the trial court erred in
sustaining the Commonwealth’s objection when Appellant attempted to
testify about a time when he did not take any of a significant amount of cash
that he had found in a towed car.
In support, Appellant quotes a section of the trial transcript where the
Commonwealth had asserted the objection; however, he does not direct us
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5
Significantly, Appellant does not challenge the impartiality of the seated
jurors.
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to any portion of the testimony where he had objected to the court’s ruling.
In fact, as Appellant notes, defense counsel responded to the trial court’s
ruling sustaining the Commonwealth’s objection by stating, “That’s fine,
Judge” and “Okay. Well, I’ll move on.” Appellant’s Brief at 13-14 (quoting
R.R. at 73a-75a).
“The failure to object to a trial court’s refusal to accept certain
testimony results in waiver of the right to raise that issue on appeal.”
Thompson v. Thompson, 963 A.2d 474, 477 (Pa.Super. 2008) (citation
omitted). See also Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (“[I]ssues not raised in the lower court
are waived and cannot be raised for the first time on appeal.”). Appellant
acquiesced to the trial court’s ruling. Because Appellant did not object to the
court’s refusal to accept his testimony, this issue is waived.6
In his last issue, Appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence.
It is well-settled that
[i]n reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, we must
determine whether the evidence admitted at trial, and all
reasonable inferences drawn from that evidence, when viewed in
the light most favorable to the Commonwealth as verdict winner,
was sufficient to enable the fact finder to conclude that the
Commonwealth established all of the elements of the offense
beyond a reasonable doubt. The Commonwealth may sustain
this burden by means of wholly circumstantial evidence.
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6
We also note that neither the statement of the case nor the argument
section of Appellant’s brief contains a specific statement of the place in the
record where his claims were raised and preserved before the trial court.
Accordingly, the issue is waived on that basis as well. See Pa.R.A.P.
2117(c); Phillips v. Lock, 86 A.3d 906, 920-921 (Pa. Super. 2014);
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Commonwealth v. Johnson, 107 A.3d 52 (Pa. 2014) (citations omitted).
A person is guilty of theft by unlawful taking or disposition of movable
property if he “unlawfully takes, or exercises unlawful control over, movable
property of another with intent to deprive him thereof.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. §
3921(a). “Deprive” is defined as “(1) [t]o withhold property of another
permanently or for so extended a period as to appropriate a major portion of
its economic value, or with intent to restore only upon payment of reward or
other compensation; or (2) to dispose of the property so as to make it
unlikely that the owner will recover it.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3901.
The trial court addressed Appellant’s sufficiency challenge as follows.
The Defendant argues in … the 1925(b) Statement that the
Commonwealth’s evidence was insufficient on the charge of theft
by unlawful taking because the Trooper directed the Defendant
to remove the money from the vehicle and then count it out.
The Defendant’s argument is flawed. The Defendant testified the
Trooper directed him to remove the money from the vehicle, but
the Trooper’s testimony was distinctly different. The trooper
stated he merely told the Defendant the money was in the car,
and that it was the Defendant who removed it. The 1925(b)
Statement fails to specifically reference the testimony which
Defendant wants us to consider.
Moreover, the jury heard all of the evidence. The jury is free to
judge the credibility of the witnesses and may believe all, part or
none of the testimony. It is patently clear from the verdict that
the jury found the Trooper’s testimony credible.
Trial Court Opinion at 7-8.
In his brief, Appellant reiterates select portions of his trial testimony to
emphasize that (1) it was his employee who towed the car after the trooper
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had relayed to Appellant that there was “a couple of G’s in the ashtray;” (2)
Appellant had testified about procedures he allegedly follows for recording
belongings found in towed cars; and (3) Appellant thought that the
undercover trooper had signaled to him with his hand that he (the trooper)
wanted $1,100.00. Appellant’s Brief at 17. Without addressing any of the
evidence which showed that Appellant himself pocketed $1,000.00, he then
summarily concludes that “[a]t no point did the Commonwealth establish
that Appellant removed the money from the vehicle unlawfully with the
intent to deprive the owner.” Id.
Appellant’s self-serving reiteration of select testimony does not
address the entirety of the evidence that was presented at trial, and does
not even support his general contention that the evidence was insufficient to
sustain his conviction for unlawful taking of movable property.7 Accordingly,
we affirm the judgment of sentence.
Moreover, Appellant’s challenge, based as it is on an assertion that his
testimony was more accurate, persuasive, and believable than anyone
else’s, actually addresses the weight, not the sufficiency, of the evidence. A
weight of the evidence claim must be raised in a post-trial motion in order to
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After reciting the elements of the offense of theft of movable property,
Appellant cites the case of Commonwealth v. Richardson, 357 A.2d 671
(Pa.Super. 1976). In Richardson, this Court determined that the evidence
had been sufficient to sustain a conviction for theft of movable property.
Appellant does not provide any discussion as to how Richardson supports,
or is otherwise relevant, to his contention of insufficient evidence.
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preserve it for appellate review. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 607; Commonwealth v.
Thompson, 93 A.3d 478, 490 (Pa. Super. 2014). Appellant did not file any
post-trial motions. Accordingly, the issue as a weight claim is waived.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 4/1/2015
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Com. v. Glodzik, III, L.
Combined Opinion