IN THE SUPREME COURT OF NORTH CAROLINA
No. 220A14
IN RE: INQUIRY CONCERNING A JUDGE, NO. 13-127
BRENDA G. BRANCH, Respondent
This matter is before the Court pursuant to N.C.G.S. §§ 7A-376 and -377 upon
a recommendation by the Judicial Standards Commission entered 6 June 2014 that
respondent Brenda G. Branch, a Judge of the General Court of Justice, District Court
Division 6A, State of North Carolina, be publicly reprimanded for conduct in violation
of Canons 1, 2A, 3A(1), and 3A(4) of the North Carolina Code of Judicial Conduct and
for conduct prejudicial to the administration of justice that brings the judicial office
into disrepute in violation of N.C.G.S. § 7A-376(b). Calendared for argument in the
Supreme Court on 6 October 2014, but determined on the record without briefs or
oral argument pursuant to Rule 30(f) of the North Carolina Rules of Appellate
Procedure and Rule 2(c) of the Rules for Supreme Court Review of Recommendations
of the Judicial Standards Commission.
No counsel for Judicial Standards Commission or respondent.
ORDER
By the recommendation of the North Carolina Judicial Standards Commission
(Commission), the issue before this Court is whether Brenda G. Branch (respondent),
a judge of the General Court of Justice, District Court Division, Judicial District 6A,
should be publicly reprimanded for conduct in violation of Canons 1, 2A, 3A(1), and
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Opinion of the Court
3A(4) of the North Carolina Code of Judicial Conduct and conduct prejudicial to the
administration of justice that brings the judicial office into disrepute in violation of
N.C.G.S. § 7A-376(b). Respondent waived her right to a formal hearing, and she does
not contest the facts or oppose the Commission’s recommendation that she be publicly
reprimanded.
On 13 January 2014, the Commission’s counsel filed a statement of charges
alleging that respondent had engaged in inappropriate conduct while presiding over
divorce proceedings in which Sergeant First Class Jason Foster (Foster) was the
defendant. Foster was deployed overseas at the time of the proceedings. The
statement of charges asserted that respondent denied Foster a fair trial in clear
violation of the Servicemember’s Civil Relief Act of 2003. Respondent filed an answer
on 18 February 2014, which was timely received by the Commission. On 9 May 2014,
the Commission held a formal hearing of the matter at the North Carolina Court of
Appeals. Counsel for the Commission and counsel for respondent presented evidence
at the hearing by stipulation. After reviewing all the evidence and hearing oral
arguments from counsel, on 6 June 2014, the Commission made its recommendation,
which stated the following findings of fact:
1. The investigative panel of the Commission alleged that, in the matter of Halifax
County File No. 12-CVD-733, Foster v. Foster, the Respondent engaged in conduct
inappropriate to her judicial office by:
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Opinion of the Court
a. making inadequate inquiry into the rights afforded to Defendant Jason
Foster, a litigant protected under the Servicemember’s Civil Relief Act of
2003, 50 U.S.C. App. §§501-597b (hereafter “the SCRA”), and failing to
maintain adequate professional competence in this area of the law;
b. imprudently relying upon the counsel for the opposing party in the matter
for a determination of the rights afforded to Defendant Jason Foster under
the SCRA, without sufficiently performing her own independent inquiry
and research into the law, and allowing opposing counsel to present such
advice and opinion on the law to the Court outside of the presence of
Defendant or anyone appointed as legal representation for Defendant; and,
c. inappropriately denying Defendant Jason Foster the appointment of legal
representation guaranteed under the SCRA, thereby denying him his full
right to be heard according to the law.
2. In the matter of Halifax County File No. 12-CVD-733, Foster v. Foster, Defendant
Jason W. Foster was, at the time of the service of a civil complaint for child
custody, child support, alimony, equitable distribution, post-separation support,
and attorney fees, serving as an Active Duty Soldier of the rank of Sergeant First
Class in the United States Army, stationed in Daegu, South Korea.
3. In a letter to the Court dated 16 July 2012 and filed 26 July 2012, Defendant Jason
Foster, in response to the service of the complaint, wrote Respondent to request a
stay of proceedings pursuant to the SCRA and claiming that his military service
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Opinion of the Court
precluded him from participating in court proceedings until at least 30 April 2013.
Defendant, in his letter, wrote that “legal counsel informs me that federal law
requires a stay of proceedings for a minimum of 90 days for service members on
active duty” and cited the SCRA. Defendant received this advice from a Judge
Adjutant General officer stationed in Daegu, Korea.
4. In a separate letter also dated 16 July 2012 and filed 26 July 2012, Defendant’s
commanding officer also wrote the court to verify that Defendant’s military service
would preclude his participation in court proceedings until at least 30 April 2013
and to also request a stay of proceedings until that time, personally ensuring that
Defendant would be able to participate in the next scheduled proceeding after 30
April 2013. The commanding officer, in his letter, wrote that he was “advised by
legal counsel that federal law allows a stay of proceedings for service members on
active duty when their ability to defend themselves is materially affected by their
material service” and cited the SCRA. The commanding officer’s letter explained
“Until this date [30 April 2013], SFC Jason Foster is needed by this unit because
he is essential to the mission” and further explained “In this instance, SFC’s
critical role in the national security mission of this command precludes his
participation in court proceedings until April 30th, 2013. He will be unable to
present any defense at all due to his duties.”
5. The stay proposed in the letters from Defendant and Defendant’s commanding
officer was for approximately nine months.
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Opinion of the Court
6. The SCRA states in plain language that, if it appears that Defendant is in military
service, the court may not enter a default judgment against the absent member
until after the court appoints an attorney to represent Defendant.
7. Sometime between the 6 August 2012 and 8 August 2012 term of Halifax County
Family Court, counsel for Plaintiff in this matter requested an order from
Respondent seeking further information from Defendant concerning his status
under the SCRA and his future availability before ruling on his request to stay
the proceedings.
8. In a hearing on Plaintiff’s attorney’s request, Respondent asked Plaintiff’s
attorney to provide supporting documents for her request that Defendant’s stay
be denied. Plaintiff’s attorney was allowed to present arguments and evidence
challenging the validity of Defendant’s claim for a stay. Defendant was not
present and was not represented at this proceeding. Respondent did not appoint
counsel for Defendant and cites the letters from Defendant and his Commanding
officer referring to “the advice of counsel” as evidence.
9. Plaintiff’s attorney provided Respondent with an undated, uncited publication,
entitled “CROSSING THE MILITARY MINEFIELD: A JUDGE’S GUIDE TO
MILITARY DIVORCE IN NORTH CAROLINA” by Mark E. Sullivan, discussing
the SCRA and ways to challenge the claims of servicemen under the SCRA,
specifically detailing ways that a judge could deny a serviceman a stay, when so
requested, by finding that the serviceman did not show “good faith and diligence”
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Opinion of the Court
when responding to a court action. Here, Defendant was not properly served with
any motion or objection from Plaintiff’s counsel, had no notice of her objections to
his request for a stay, and was not provided with the documents Plaintiff’s counsel
presented to Respondent, which Respondent used in consideration of the
Plaintiff’s counsel’s objections.
10. The same article presented to Respondent by Plaintiff’s attorney also says in plain
language that counsel should be appointed on behalf of an absent serviceman
before the entry of a default judgment.
11. Respondent, relying upon the information presented by Plaintiff’s attorney,
consented to the order requested by Plaintiff’s attorney and tasked Plaintiff’s
attorney with drafting the order requesting more information from Defendant.
Respondent entered the order on 4 September 2012 declaring that the information
provided by Defendant and his commanding officer was insufficient to justify a
request for a stay, and gave Defendant a deadline of 1 October 2012 to provide
further justification for his request for a stay. Tracking information reveals that
order was not received by Defendant until 24 September 2012, less than one week
before the deadline presented in the order.
12. In response to the 4 September 2012 order, neither Defendant, nor anyone
representing Defendant, replied to Plaintiff’s attorney’s inquiries for more
information concerning his claim that he would be unable to participate in the
scheduled court proceedings. Defendant claims that information about his
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military mission was confidential and that he could not provide that information
to the Court.
13. On 5 November 2012, Respondent denied Defendant’s request for a stay, citing “a
lack of good faith and due diligence” by Defendant in failing to respond to the
Court’s efforts to get more information. Respondent decided that the failure of
Defendant to respond to the order for more information was “a willful and direct
intention to maneuver and prolong the case at the Defendant’s will for as long as
the Defendant saw fit without regard to the Plaintiff.”
14. In subsequent legal proceedings on 3 December 2012 and 4 March 2013
Respondent entered default judgments against Defendant. Defendant was not
present and was not represented at any of these proceedings.
15. Nowhere in the case file for Halifax County File No. 12-CVD-733, prior to or
concurrent with the entry of the aforementioned default judgments, is there any
notice of representation, appointment of counsel, or any other filings,
correspondence, or similar documentary evidence to suggest that Defendant was
represented in this matter by counsel. Defendant retained Mr. William T. Skinner
IV as counsel on 6 May 2013, within a month of his return to North Carolina.
16. Despite the absence of any legal filing or notice or representation on behalf of
Defendant, Respondent claims that she determined that Defendant was
represented by counsel based on the following statement in his letter requesting
the stay: “Legal counsel informs me that federal law requires a stay of proceedings
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Opinion of the Court
for a minimum of 90 days for service members on active duty (50 U.S.C. App.
522(a) (1)).” Nowhere in Defendant’s is [sic] letter, or the letter from his
commanding officer, is any legal counsel named nor is any contact information
provided for any legal counsel. Nothing in the [sic] either letter suggests that any
counsel referred to is or was licensed to practice in the state of North Carolina.
17. The actions identified by the Commission as misconduct by Respondent, while in
violation of the North Carolina Code of Judicial Conduct, do not appear to be the
result of any willful or intentional misconduct by Respondent who believed at all
times that she was acting within the scope of her discretion and that she was
acting to preserve the integrity of the Court. Rather Respondent’s misconduct
appears to have resulted from insufficient inquiry into her obligations under the
SCRA, her insufficiently-based conclusion that Defendant had legal
representation, and from an inappropriate reliance on legal arguments advanced
by one party that Respondent did not sufficiently research for herself.
18. Respondent has a good reputation in her community. The actions identified by
the Commission as misconduct by Respondent appear to be isolated and do not
form any sort of recurring pattern of misconduct, and Respondent has been fully
cooperative with the Commission’s investigation, voluntarily providing
information about the underlying legal matter and fully and openly admitting
error.
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Opinion of the Court
19. Respondent agreed to enter into a Stipulation to bring closure to the matter and
because of her concern for protecting the integrity of the court system. With the
benefit of hindsight, Respondent now admits and understands her error and that
in fact her actions, even if unintentional and not motivated by malice or ill-intent,
did constitute conduct prejudicial to the administration of justice that brings the
judicial office into disrepute. Respondent acknowledged that she has learned a
valuable lesson from this incident and will be particularly vigilant to changes to
the laws that affect the growing number of servicemen and servicewomen in North
Carolina, and will make every effort to ensure that every person legally interested
in a proceeding receives their opportunity to be heard according to the law in the
[sic] all future dealings.
20. Respondent agreed to accept a recommendation of public reprimand from the
Commission and acknowledged that the conduct set out in the stipulations
establishes by clear and convincing evidence that this conduct is in violation of the
North Carolina Code of Judicial Conduct and is prejudicial to the administration
of justice that brings the judicial office into disrepute in violation of G.S. § 7A-
376(b).
In addition to these findings of fact, the Commission made the following
conclusions of law based on clear and convincing evidence:
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Opinion of the Court
1. Respondent’s conduct, as set forth in Paragraphs One through Twenty of
the findings of fact, constitutes conduct in violation of Canons 1, 2A, 3A(1) and 3A(4)
of the North Carolina Code of Judicial Conduct.
2. Respondent’s conduct, as set forth in Paragraphs One through Twenty of
the Findings of Fact, constitutes conduct prejudicial to the administration of justice
that brings the judicial office into disrepute in violation of N.C.G.S. §7A- 376(b).
When reviewing a recommendation from the Commission, the Supreme Court
“acts as a court of original jurisdiction, rather than in its typical capacity as an
appellate court.” In re Hartsfield, 365 N.C. 418, 428, 722 S.E.2d 496, 503 (2012)
(order) (citation and quotation marks omitted). We have discretion to “adopt the
Commission’s findings of fact if they are supported by clear and convincing evidence,
or [we] may make [our] own findings.” Id. (alterations in original) (citations and
quotation marks omitted). The scope of our review is to “first determine if the
Commission’s findings of fact are adequately supported by clear and convincing
evidence, and in turn, whether those findings support its conclusions of law.” 365
N.C. at 429, 722 S.E.2d at 503 (citation and quotation marks omitted).
After careful review, this Court concludes that the Commission’s findings of
fact are supported by clear, cogent, and convincing evidence in the record. In
addition, we conclude that the Commission’s findings of fact support its conclusions
of law. We therefore accept the Commission’s findings and adopt them as our own.
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Opinion of the Court
Based upon those findings and conclusions and the recommendation of the
Commission, we conclude and adjudge that respondent be publicly reprimanded.
Therefore, pursuant to N.C.G.S. §§ 7A-376(b) and -377(a5), it is ordered that
respondent Brenda G. Branch be PUBLICLY REPRIMANDED for conduct
prejudicial to the administration of justice that brings the judicial office into
disrepute in violation of N.C.G.S. § 7A-376(b) and which violates Canons 1, 2A, 3A(1),
and 3A(4) of the Code of Judicial Conduct.
By order of the Court in Conference, this the 22nd day of January, 2015.
s/Beasley, J.
For the Court
Justice ERVIN did not participate in the consideration or decision of this case.
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