FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION APR 23 2015
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
EPPIE MCCLAIN JR., No. 13-55462
Petitioner - Appellant, D.C. No. CV ED 12-00329-CAS
(VBK)
v.
MEMORANDUM*
J. SOTO, Warden,
Respondent - Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Central District of California
Christina A. Snyder, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted April 7, 2015**
Pasadena, California
Before: SILVERMAN and BEA, Circuit Judges and DONATO,*** District Judge.
Eppie McClain, Jr., a California state prisoner, appeals the denial of his 28
U.S.C. § 2254 habeas corpus petition. McClain argues that the state court’s
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
***
The Honorable James Donato, District Judge for the U.S. District
Court for the Northern District of California, sitting by designation.
rejection of his challenge under Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79 (1986), in which
he contended that the prosecutor impermissibly used peremptory challenges to
strike two African American jurors on the basis of race, constituted an
unreasonable application of Batson and resulted from an unreasonable
determination of the facts. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 2253. We
review a district court’s denial of a habeas corpus petition de novo, see Stanley v.
Cullen, 633 F.3d 852, 859 (9th Cir. 2011), and we affirm.
I.
We conclude that the California Court of Appeal conducted the “sensitive
inquiry” required at step three of the Batson analysis, which is the relevant clearly
established federal law under United States Supreme Court precedent. Batson, 476
U.S. at 93; 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1). The Court of Appeal properly inquired into the
genuineness of the prosecutor’s reasons for the peremptory strikes and considered
all the circumstances in the case. The court reviewed each challenged potential
juror, the reasons the prosecutor offered for the challenge, and appellant’s
arguments that the reasons were pretextual. After fully considering each reason, as
required under the third step in the Baston test, the court concluded that the
prosecutor’s proffered reasons for the peremptory challenges in question were not
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pretextual and were supported by substantial evidence in the record. Thus, the
Court of Appeal’s decision was not contrary to, or an unreasonable application of,
Supreme Court precedent. 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1).
We also conclude that the state court findings were neither clearly erroneous
nor unreasonable in light of the evidence presented. 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(2). The
California Court of Appeal concluded that substantial evidence supported the trial
court’s determination crediting the prosecutor’s race-neutral reasons for striking
the two African-American prospective jurors. Our review of the record does not
reveal that similarly situated members of a different race were allowed to serve,
nor does it reflect a statistical record suggesting “extensive evidence of purposeful
discrimination” against African-American jurors. See Miller-El v. Dretke, 545
U.S. 231, 237, 240-41 (2005). Therefore, the state court’s conclusion that valid,
non-pretextual grounds, and not race, motivated the two peremptory strikes was
not objectively unreasonable.
II.
While AEDPA review is “limited to the record that was before the state court
that adjudicated the claim on the merits,” Cullen v. Pinholster, ––– U.S. ––––, 131
S. Ct. 1388, 1398 (2011), “Pinholster does not bar our consideration of evidence
reconstructing the racial composition of a petitioner’s jury venire,” Jamerson v.
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Runnels, 713 F.3d 1218, 1226 (9th Cir. 2013). In Jamerson, this court allowed the
consideration of driver’s license photographs to determine the race of each venire
member, even though the state appellate court’s review was limited to transcripts of
voir dire, because the photographic evidence merely “reconstruct[ed] physical
attributes that were visible to the state court that originally ruled on [petitioner’s]
Batson[] motions.” Id.
Relying on Jamerson, McClain asks the court to grant a subpoena for the
prospective jurors’ driver’s license photos and to remand his petition to the district
court to conduct a comparative juror analysis as to Juror 98, whom the prosecutor
struck, in part, for his extreme youth. But Jamerson does not apply in this context.
The evidence at issue in Jamerson did not violate Pinholster’s limitation because
the driver’s license photos were used to reconstruct the racial composition of the
jury, not how youthful the jurors appeared. However, driver’s license photos are
often outdated and unrepresentative of a person’s general appearance on a given
day, precluding any surety that their use would accurately recreate the “physical
attributes that were visible to the state [trial] court” that are relevant in this case –
namely, the jurors’ appearances of age or youth. Id. The request to remand is
denied.
AFFIRMED.
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