MEMORANDUM DECISION
Apr 30 2015, 9:43 am
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this
Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as
precedent or cited before any court except for the
purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Jill M. Acklin Gregory F. Zoeller
McGrath, LLC Attorney General of Indiana
Carmel, Indiana
Christina D. Pace
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
S.H., April 30, 2015
Appellant-Respondent, Court of Appeals Case No.
49A02-1409-JV-640
v.
Appeal from the Marion Superior
State of Indiana, Court
The Honorable Marilyn Moores, Judge
Appellee-Petitioner, The Honorable Scott Stowers,
Magistrate
Cause No. 49D09-1405-JD-1290
Robb, Judge.
Case Summary and Issue
[1] S.H. was adjudicated a delinquent for committing an act that would be Class B
felony robbery if committed by an adult. The juvenile court ordered wardship
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of S.H. to be with the Indiana Department of Correction (“DOC”), with a
recommendation that he be committed for a period of twelve months. S.H.
now appeals this disposition, raising one issue for our review: whether the
juvenile court abused its discretion in committing him to DOC when less
restrictive alternatives were available. Concluding the trial court did not abuse
its discretion, we affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
[2] On April 29, 2014, S.H. robbed two employees of a Subway restaurant at
gunpoint. During those employees’ 4 p.m. to 10 p.m. shift, S.H. entered and
left the store several times. The last time S.H. entered the store, no other
customers were present. S.H. went to the counter, pointed a handgun at the
two employees, and demanded money. One of the employees tried to run to
the back of the store, but S.H. called her back. The other employee took the
cash drawer from the register and sat it on the counter. S.H. took the money
from the drawer and left the store.
[3] The State of Indiana filed a petition alleging S.H. was a delinquent child for
committing two acts of robbery with a deadly weapon, Class B felonies if
committed by an adult. S.H. denied the allegations of the petition. Following a
fact-finding hearing, the juvenile court found that the allegations of the petition
were true.
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[4] At the dispositional hearing, the probation department recommended that S.H.
be committed to DOC because of his prior criminal behavior and his failure to
respond positively to less restrictive alternatives in the past. S.H. requested the
juvenile court place him at Resource Residential Treatment Facility, which had
accepted him into its secured residential program. The juvenile court merged
the two true findings and entered disposition only on count 2:
I am going to accept probation’s recommendation proceeding with
disposition, the Court notes uh I guess most importantly the serious
nature of the charge but also your history uh in other jurisdictions as
well as your history here, find there are no least restrictive alternatives
consistent with the safety and well being of the community therefore,
the Court will award wardship to the Department of Correction for
placement at an appropriate facility, recommend while you are there
that you involved yourself in individual counseling, substance abuse
counseling as well as education program . . ., recommend twelve
months.
Transcript at 116. S.H. now appeals his placement with DOC.
Discussion and Decision
I. Standard of Review
[5] The juvenile court is given “wide latitude and great flexibility” in determining
the specific disposition for a child adjudicated a delinquent. D.A. v. State, 967
N.E.2d 59, 65 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012). However, its discretion is circumscribed by
Indiana Code section 31-37-18-6, which provides:
If consistent with the safety of the community and the best interest of
the child, the juvenile court shall enter a dispositional decree that:
(1) is:
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(A) in the least restrictive (most family like) and most
appropriate setting available; and
(B) close to the parents’ home, consistent with the best interest
and special needs of the child;
(2) least interferes with family autonomy;
(3) is least disruptive of family life;
(4) imposes the least restraint on the freedom of the child and the
child’s parent, guardian, or custodian; and
(5) provides a reasonable opportunity for participation by the child’s
parent, guardian, or custodian.
A disposition will not be reversed absent a showing of an abuse of the juvenile
court’s discretion, which occurs when the juvenile court’s order is clearly
against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before the court or the
reasonable inferences that can be drawn therefrom. R.H. v. State, 937 N.E.2d
386, 388 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010).
II. DOC as Appropriate Placement
[6] S.H. argues the trial court abused its discretion in placing him with DOC
because a less restrictive option was available—he had been accepted into a
residential treatment facility. As stated above, however, Indiana Code section
31-17-18-6 states that the disposition shall be in the least restrictive and most
appropriate setting. Just because S.H. was accepted into a less restrictive
placement than DOC does not necessarily mean that it is also the most
appropriate placement. Although Indiana has a policy of favoring the least-
harsh disposition in juvenile cases, the least restrictive placement is required
only if it is consistent with the welfare of the child and the community’s safety.
R.S. v. State, 796 N.E.2d 360, 364 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003), trans. denied.
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[7] S.H. likens his situation to that in D.P. v. State, 783 N.E.2d 767 (Ind. Ct. App.
2003). In D.P., the juvenile admitted to committing fraud by taking a woman’s
credit card while doing chores for her and using it for several purchases, and
theft by later taking the same woman’s mail from her mailbox and throwing it
away. The probation department recommended a suspended commitment to
DOC, but the juvenile court awarded guardianship of the juvenile to DOC for
six months. The juvenile appealed his placement. We held that the trial court
abused its discretion in not imposing the less-harsh alternative of a suspended
commitment, in part because the juvenile had a low I.Q. and an impulse
disorder, and in part because there was little evidence to suggest the juvenile
would not respond positively to probation. Id. at 770. The juvenile had only
one prior contact with the juvenile justice system five years prior and had
successfully completed probation for that conduct. Id. at 770-71.
[8] We disagree with S.H.’s favorable comparison of his case to D.P. In
determining an appropriate placement, the juvenile court looked at S.H.’s
juvenile’s history, his conduct in the instant matter, and the impact of the
placement alternatives on the community. In the three years prior to the
conduct under review here, S.H. had true findings in 2011 for Class A
misdemeanor battery and Class B misdemeanor disorderly conduct and in 2013
for Class B felony robbery. S.H. failed a diversion program for the battery and
disorderly conduct adjudications. He was committed to DOC on a short-term
placement for the 2013 robbery, but then committed additional crimes.
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[9] S.H. committed the instant offense a month after being detained for attempted
residential entry and released on electronic monitoring. By committing the
instant offense, S.H. violated the terms of his release. He was therefore
detained throughout these proceedings. Probation reported that fourteen
incident reports had been filed against him while he was in detention awaiting
disposition of this case. The probation department evaluated the dispositional
options and concluded that community-based services and out-of-home
placement were not valid options because, given his juvenile history, S.H.
presents a risk to public safety. The juvenile court agreed, specifically
referencing the serious nature of the allegations, S.H.’s juvenile history, and the
well-being of the community in ordering placement with DOC. Unlike D.P.,
there are no special circumstances that make this disposition overly-harsh, and
S.H.’s history of squandering the chances given to him suggests he will not
respond positively to a less restrictive placement.
[10] In similar circumstances, we have held that commitment to DOC was not an
abuse of discretion. In D.E. v. State, 962 N.E.2d 94 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011), we
held that although the juvenile presented the option of placement at a
residential treatment center, his placement at DOC was not an abuse of
discretion because less restrictive rehabilitation efforts had been unsuccessful,
and the juvenile’s attempt to rob an out-of-uniform police officer while armed
with a rifle caused concern for public safety. Id. at 97. Likewise, S.H.’s
commitment to DOC, even though a less restrictive option was available, was
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not an abuse of discretion because it was consistent with S.H.’s best interest and
the safety of the community.
Conclusion
[11] The juvenile court did not abuse its discretion in ordering that S.H. be
committed to DOC. The judgment of the juvenile court is affirmed.
[12] Affirmed.
May, J., and Mathias, J., concur.
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S.H. v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.)
Combined Opinion