COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Chief Judge Huff, Judges Petty and McCullough
UNPUBLISHED
Argued by teleconference
PETER ANTHONY DELUCA
MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY
v. Record No. 1158-14-3 CHIEF JUDGE GLEN A. HUFF
MAY 19, 2015
TRACIE ONDICH DELUCA
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF AMHERST COUNTY
J. Michael Gamble, Judge
Julie Hottle Day1 (Michael A. Ward; Michael A. Ward, P.C., on
briefs), for appellant.
Brian R. Moore (Phillips, Morrison, Johnson & Ferrell, on brief),
for appellee.
Peter Anthony Deluca (“husband”) appeals an order of the Amherst County Circuit Court
(“trial court”) granting Tracie Ondich Deluca (“wife”) $4,373 per month in spousal support and
finding husband failed to meet previous spousal support obligations in the net amount of
$121,976. On appeal, husband raises four assignments of error:
1. The [t]rial [c]ourt erred in ruling that the [h]usband’s
obligation(s) [p]ursuant to paragraph 4 of the parties’
Separation and Property Settlement Agreement [(“agreement”)]
was a monetary obligation, namely, an [o]bligation to pay a
monthly monetary sum certain to [wife], as opposed to an
obligation for [h]usband to provide a lifestyle for [w]ife.
2. Assuming arguendo that the [t]rial [c]ourt did not err when it
[r]uled that the [h]usband’s obligation(s) pursuant to paragraph
4 of the parties’ [agreement] was a monetary sum certain to
[w]ife, as opposed to an obligation to provide a lifestyle for
*
Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
1
Julie Hottle Day participated in oral argument; she replaced Michael A. Ward after all
briefs were submitted.
[w]ife, then the [t]rial [c]ourt erred in the amount calculated as
the monthly monetary sum certain owed by [h]usband to [w]ife
because, in making its calculation, the [t]rial [c]ourt erroneously
used as [h]usband’s income for the purpose of calculating his
support obligation amounts he earned while on military
deployment – when his income was both artificially high and
also non-taxable – rather than using [h]usband’s regular (non
deployment) military pay.
3. Assuming arguendo that the [t]rial [c]ourt did not err when it
[r]uled that the [h]usband’s obligation(s) pursuant to paragraph
4 of the parties’ [agreement] was a monetary obligation,
namely, an obligation to pay a monthly monetary sum certain to
[w]ife, as opposed to an obligation to provide a lifestyle for
[w]ife, then the [t]rial [c]ourt erred by failing to take into
account that the language of paragraph 4 of the parties’
[agreement] which states that the support of [w]ife is in
consideration of the “the need of [w]ife to educate and nurture
the minor child” and that at the time of the trial the parties’
child was emancipated and not a minor.
4. Assuming arguendo that the [t]rial [c]ourt did not err when it
[r]uled that the [h]usband’s obligation(s) pursuant to paragraph
4 of the parties’ [agreement] was a monetary obligation,
namely, an obligation to pay a monthly monetary sum certain to
[w]ife, as opposed to an obligation to provide a lifestyle for
[w]ife, then the [t]rial [c]ourt erred in awarding [w]ife support
arrears prior to the entry of the Final Decree of Divorce when
there was no specific reservation of jurisdiction in the Final
Decree of Divorce for the court to make a determination of
arrears.
In an assignment of cross-error, wife asserts that the “trial court erred when it denied [w]ife’s
request for attorney’s fees in reliance on Rutledge v. Rutledge, 45 Va. App. 56, 608 S.E.2d 504
(2005) and Code § 20-109.” For the following reasons, this Court affirms the trial court’s
rulings.
I. BACKGROUND
“When reviewing a trial court’s decision on appeal, we view the evidence in the light
most favorable to the prevailing party, granting it the benefit of any reasonable inferences.”
Congdon v. Congdon, 40 Va. App. 255, 258, 578 S.E.2d 833, 835 (2003). “That principle
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requires us to ‘discard the evidence’ of the [husband] which conflicts, either directly or
inferentially, with the evidence presented by [wife] at trial.” Id. (quoting Wactor v.
Commonwealth, 38 Va. App. 375, 380, 564 S.E.2d 160, 162 (2002)). So viewed, the evidence is
as follows.
Husband and wife were married on October 3, 1992. On January 9, 1995, husband and
wife had a son (“N.D.”). On January 25, 2008, husband and wife entered into the agreement.
Ultimately, the agreement was incorporated into but not merged with the final divorce decree.
Under the agreement, wife received sole legal custody of N.D. Additionally, the agreement
stated “[h]usband shall support [w]ife in the manner to which she is accustomed and is currently
being supported, recognizing the need of [w]ife to educate and nurture [N.D.].” Moreover, the
agreement provided that “[e]ach party shall pay his or her attorney’s fees and the parties shall
divide equally the costs of any uncontested divorce proceeding filed by either [h]usband or
[w]ife.”
On January 3, 2013, husband and wife legally divorced. Upon wife’s motion, on May 29,
2013, the trial court issued a rule to show cause why husband should not be found in contempt
for failing to comply with the spousal support obligation in the agreement. On November 19,
2013, the trial court issued an opinion letter to the parties and determined under Code
§ 20-109(C) that “because the [agreement] does not set a specific amount of spousal support to
be paid each month, the court must perform a retrospective analysis to determine whether or not
[husband] has complied with this portion of the decree.”
An evidentiary hearing regarding the matter occurred on April 15, 2014. Wife testified
that for many years the family lived abroad but decided to purchase a farm in Amherst County.
Moreover, wife indicated that N.D., while no longer a minor, still lives at the farm while
attending college at Randolph-Macon. Husband testified that purchasing the farm represented a
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“change in the life-style that the family had.” Specifically, husband stated “[w]e liquidated
mutual fund holdings and savings in order to pay the down payment. It was definitely a life-style
change.” Additionally, husband testified that “[i]t was a decision to make a living, a life on a
permanent place that was our own, not traveling from place to place to place as we had been
doing in the army to that point in time.”
Moreover, husband testified that his military pay fluctuated during the period after the
parties signed the agreement. Specifically, husband indicated that his “military pay fluctuates
with allowances according to whether [he was] deployed away from the United States in a
combat zone or a hostile fire zone.” Consequently, while deployed husband’s income “was
federally tax-free” and he received “hostile fire pay, separation pay, and other allowances that
added considerably to [his] paycheck.”
On May 22, 2014, the trial court entered a final order incorporating its opinion letter
dated April 25, 2014. In its opinion letter, the trial court indicated that the parties lived in many
different places due to husband’s military assignments but decided to settle in Amherst County
“in order to provide more stability for wife and N.D.” Furthermore, the trial court determined
that “at the time the parties entered into the agreement in 2008, they were seeking to ensure that
[wife] and [N.D.] would continue to live in the manner as to which they were accustomed and
currently being supported by [husband].” Accordingly, the trial court determined that “the key
period of time is the year prior to the time that the agreement was signed” and “focused on the
monetary support received by [wife] in 2007 and the lifestyle she had during that year.” In
making its ruling, the trial court explained
Exhibit E sets forth the amounts that were paid to [wife] from
[husband] during 2007. The average monthly net amount she
received during the thirteen months beginning December 29, 2006
and December 31, 2007 is $4,373 per month. Her lifestyle during
that period of time was the lifestyle of an upper-middle class
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family in Central Virginia. The type of automobile driven by
[wife], the type of home she lived, the type of grocery store where
she shopped, and the general lifestyle of the parties supports this
finding.
The average net amount received by [wife] during this thirteen
month period is the amount leftover after the payment of the
mortgage, monthly expenses of [husband], and child support.
Accordingly, I find that the basic level of support that [wife] can
expect each month is $4,373 per month. During the period from
February 1, 2008, through May 4, 2010 [husband] paid or
exceeded this amount. From May 4, 2010 until the present
[husband] has paid 4,373 or more for only one month.
Accordingly, I find that [wife] should have been paid a total of
$214,277 for thirteen months from May 4, 2010 through April 1,
2014. I find that the actual amount she was paid was $92,301.
The difference is $121,976.
Based on its analysis, the trial court ordered husband to pay $4,373 per month in spousal support
payments and previous spousal support obligations in the net amount of $121,976. Additionally,
the trial court denied wife’s request for an award of attorney’s fees and reasoned that “[t]he
[agreement] does not provide for an award of attorney’s fees except under paragraph 17 it
provides that the parties shall divide equally the cost of any uncontested divorce proceeding.”
On May 21, 2014, husband filed a motion to reconsider the trial court’s letter opinion.
On May 22, 2014, the trial court entered a final order consistent with its April 25, 2014 letter
opinion and overruled husband’s motion. This appeal followed.
II. Analysis
1. Interpretation of the Agreement
On appeal, husband contends that the trial court erred by ruling that husband’s obligation
under paragraph 4 of the agreement was a monetary obligation, namely an obligation to pay a
monthly monetary sum to wife, as opposed to an obligation for husband to provide a lifestyle for
wife. Specifically, husband argues that in its February 4, 2014 order, the trial court declined to
award a specific amount of support for wife under Code § 20-109 and improperly overturned this
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order in the later proceedings. Additionally, husband asserts that the trial court improperly
awarded an arbitrary dollar amount on husband’s obligations and should have considered wife’s
lifestyle during their marriage.
Husband first argues that the trial court originally declined to determine a spousal support
award under Code § 20-109 at the November 15, 2013 hearing and then improperly overruled its
order. This argument, however, is not supported in the record. Code § 20-109(C) provides, “no
decree or order directing payment of support and maintenance for the spouse . . . shall be entered
except in accordance with that stipulation or contract.” After considering this language, the trial
court stated “because the property settlement agreement dated January 25, 2008 does not set a
specific amount of spousal support to be paid each month, the court must perform a retrospective
analysis to determine whether or not [husband] has complied with this portion of the decree.”
Accordingly, rather than ordering that no specific amount of support was required pursuant to the
agreement, the trial court deferred such ruling pending a retrospective analysis.
Next, husband asserts that the trial court improperly interpreted paragraph 4 of the
agreement and awarded an arbitrary dollar amount. “Property settlement agreements are
contracts, and the rules of interpretation for contracts in general apply.” Recker v. Recker, 48
Va. App. 188, 192, 629 S.E.2d 191, 193 (2006). Thus, “[o]n appeal, the Court reviews a trial
court’s interpretation of a contract de novo.” Plunkett v. Plunkett, 271 Va. 162, 166, 624 S.E.2d
39, 42 (2006) (citing Eure v. Norfolk Shipbuilding & Drydock Corp., 263 Va. 624, 631, 561
S.E.2d 663, 667 (2002)). Paragraph 4 of the agreement provides, “[h]usband shall support [w]ife
in the manner to which she is accustomed and is currently being supported, recognizing the need
of [w]ife to educate and nurture [N.D.].”
When interpreting an agreement that “is unambiguous, its meaning and effect are
questions of law. Ordinary words are given their ordinary meaning when constructing the
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contract.” Recker, 48 Va. App. at 192, 629 S.E.2d at 193 (citing Tiffany v. Tiffany, 1 Va. App.
11, 15, 332 S.E.2d 796, 799 (1985)). Moreover, in Virginia, “‘[i]t is axiomatic that when the
terms in a contract are clear and unambiguous, the contract is construed according to its plain
meaning.’” Cabral v. Cabral, 62 Va. App. 600, 609-10, 751 S.E.2d 4, 9 (2013) (quoting TravCo
Insur. Co. v. Ward, 284 Va. 547, 552, 736 S.E.2d 321, 325 (2012)). Further, “[t]hat meaning . . .
derives from the text as well as the context of the agreement.” Id.
Husband argues that the language “in the manner to which she is accustomed and is
currently being supported” does not specify any monetary amount and contends that wife “was
being supported by [h]usband in the usual and regular way . . . which she was supported when
the parties signed their [agreement].” Accordingly, husband argues it was error to fix a dollar
amount on husband’s obligations under the agreement.
At trial, however, the trial court concluded that “at the time the parties entered into the
agreement in 2008, they were seeking to ensure that [wife] and [N.D.] would continue to live in
the manner as to which they were accustomed and currently being supported by [husband].” At
the evidentiary hearing, both parties agreed that the couple experienced a change in lifestyle after
purchasing the Amherst property in 2006. The trial court determined wife received a monthly
average of $4,373 during the thirteen months immediately preceding execution of the agreement
and that her lifestyle during that period was that of an upper-middle class family in central
Virginia. Moreover, the trial court found from May 4, 2010 until the trial, husband paid $4,373
to wife only once. After considering all of these factors, the trial court ruled that an award of
$4,373 in spousal support was appropriate based on the plain and ordinary meaning of the
language of the agreement.
The agreement provided that “[h]usband shall support [w]ife in the manner to which she
is accustomed and is currently being supported, recognizing the need of [w]ife to educate and
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nurture [N.D.].” During the time immediately preceding the execution of the agreement, wife
received a monthly average of $4,373 from husband. Husband, however, failed to continue
making the same monthly payments after May 4, 2010. We agree that the agreement is
unambiguous and the plain and ordinary meaning of the language of the agreement required
husband to pay a sum certain in monthly spousal support and that the trial court’s determination
of that amount was supported by the evidence. Accordingly, husband failed to support wife in
the manner to which she was accustomed at the time parties signed the agreement. Therefore,
the trial court did not err in awarding a specific dollar amount for spousal support pursuant to
paragraph 4 of the agreement.
2. Rule 5A:20(e)
Husband presents three additional assignments of error on appeal. Specifically, husband
contends the trial court erred in calculating the amount of income husband owed wife; in failing
to consider that N.D. was emancipated and not a minor at the time of the trial; and in awarding
wife support arrears covering a period of time prior to the entry of the final decree of divorce.
Husband fails to cite any authority or principles of law relating to these assignments of error.
Rule 5A:20(e) provides, “the opening brief of appellant shall contain: . . . [t]he standard
of review and the argument (including principles of law and authorities) relating to each
assignment of error.” Moreover, “Rule 5A:20(e) requires that an appellant’s opening brief
contain ‘[t]he principles of law, the argument, and the authorities relating to each question
presented. Unsupported assertions of error ‘do not merit appellate consideration.’” Jones v.
Commonwealth, 51 Va. App. 730, 734, 600 S.E.2d 343, 345 (2008) (quoting Buchanan v.
Buchanan, 14 Va. App. 53, 56, 415 S.E.2d 237, 239 (1992)).
Furthermore, “[i]f the parties believed that the [trial court] erred, it was their duty to
present that error to us with legal authority to support their contention.” Fadness v. Fadness, 52
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Va. App. 833, 851, 667 S.E.2d 857, 866 (2008). In the current matter, husband fails to cite any
authority in his argument regarding his remaining assignments of errors. Accordingly, husband
“waived [his] right to have these issues reviewed by this Court.” Id.
3. Attorney’s Fees
Lastly, wife asserts that the trial court erred by denying wife’s request for attorney’s fees.
Specifically, wife argues that the agreement does not address the parties’ rights in enforcement
proceedings. She argues, therefore, that the trial court erred in finding that the absence of an
applicable fee provision in the agreement prevented the trial court from awarding fees. “An
award of attorney’s fees is a matter submitted to the trial court’s sound discretion and is
reviewable on appeal only for an abuse of discretion.” Graves v. Graves, 4 Va. App. 326, 333,
357 S.E.2d 554, 558 (1987). The key to determining a “proper award of [attorney’s] fees is
reasonableness under all the circumstances.” Joynes v. Payne, 36 Va. App. 401, 429, 551 S.E.2d
10, 29 (2001).
The trial court relied on this Court’s opinion in Rutledge v. Rutledge, 45 Va. App. 56,
608 S.E.2d 504 (2005), and Code § 20-109(C) in denying wife’s request for attorney’s fees.
Wife argues that Rutledge is distinguishable because that case “involved a modification of
support” and “[t]he parties’ agreement expressly provided for attorney’s fees in certain
circumstances that did not include modification proceedings.” Conversely, she reasons that “the
agreement in this case does not address anything remotely related to future enforcement
proceedings.”
In Rutledge, this Court affirmed the trial court’s refusal to award attorney’s fees in a
modification of spousal support proceeding when the parties’ property settlement agreement
expressly allowed an award of attorney’s fees in two specific circumstances, neither of which
were modification of spousal support proceedings. 25 Va. App. at 65, 608 S.E.2d at 508.
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Similarly, in the current matter, the agreement indicates that “[e]ach party shall pay his or her
attorney’s fees and the parties shall divide equally the costs of any uncontested divorce
proceedings filed by either [h]usband or [w]ife.” Consequently, the agreement in the current
case contemplates an award of fees in certain limited circumstances, but does not provide for an
award of attorney’s fees in an enforcement proceeding.
Code 20-109(C) provides that in cases where the parties have executed a property
settlement agreement prior to the entry of a final decree of divorce, “no decree or order directing
the payment of . . . counsel fee[s] . . . shall be entered except in accordance with that stipulation
or contract.” Moreover,
[i]n order to find in this agreement a requirement for attorney’s
fees in other unspecified instances, we “would have to insert words
into the writing contrary to the elementary rule that the function of
the court is to construe the contract made by the parties, not to
make a contract for them.”
Rutledge, 45 Va. App. at 65, 608 S.E.2d at 508 (quoting Cave Hill Corp. v. Hiers, 264 Va. 640,
646, 570 S.E.2d 790, 793 (2002)). Consequently, awarding wife attorney’s fees in the instant
enforcement proceeding would violate Code § 20-109(C) and contradict this Court’s decision in
Rutledge. Accordingly, this Court finds that the trial court did not err in denying wife’s request
for attorney’s fees.
III. CONCLUSION
Based on the foregoing, this Court finds that the trial court did not err by ruling that
husband’s support obligation under paragraph 4 of the agreement included an obligation to pay a
monthly monetary sum to wife. Additionally, husband’s second, third, and, fourth assignments
of error are procedurally barred under Rule 5A:20(e). Lastly, this Court holds that the trial court
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did not err in denying wife’s request for attorney’s fees, and this Court similarly declines to
award fees and costs. Accordingly, this Court affirms the trial court’s rulings.
Affirmed.
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Peter Anthony Deluca v. Tracie Ondich Deluca
Combined Opinion