MEMORANDUM DECISION May 26 2015, 8:34 am
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this
Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as
precedent or cited before any court except for the
purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
APPELLANT PRO SE ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES
Jason T. Myers David G. Field
Plainfield, Indiana Justin C. Wiler
Schultz & Pogue, LLP
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Jason T. Myers, May 26, 2015
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No.
79A05-1411-CT-525
v. Appeal from the Tippecanoe Circuit
Court
Anonymous Medical Group The Honorable Donald L. Daniel,
Judge
Anonymous Physician
Case No. 79C01-1307-CT-18
Appellees-Plaintiffs
Steve Robertson, Executive
Director/Commissioner of
Insurance, Indiana Department of
Insurance,
Interested Party.
Vaidik, Chief Judge.
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Case Summary
[1] Jason Myers’s father died in November 2010 following surgery. More than
three years later, Myers filed a medical-malpractice action against the physician
and a medical group and requested the appointment of counsel. The physician
and the medical group sought summary judgment on the grounds that the son’s
action was barred by the applicable statute of limitations. The trial court denied
Myers’s request for appointment of counsel and granted summary judgment in
favor of the physician and the medical group. Because this action was time-
barred by the applicable statute of limitations, we affirm the trial court.
Facts and Procedural History
[2] In October 2010, Dale Myers was admitted to Anonymous Hospital in
Lafayette, Indiana, for surgical procedures necessitated by a persistent perianal
fistula.1 Dale was well-known to physicians because he had already had
approximately twenty surgical procedures for his chronic perianal fistulas.
Anonymous Physician was the assistant surgeon on the case. Dale — whose
recovery was complicated by a fall, additional surgical procedures, and internal
1
An anal fistula is “a small channel that develops between the end of the bowel, known as the anal canal,
and the skin near the anus. The end of the fistula can appear as a hole in the skin around the anus.”
http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Anal-fistula/Pages/Introduction.aspx (last visited May 6, 2015).
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bleeding — died on November 4, 2010, which was also the last day the
Anonymous Physician treated him.
[3] Jason Myers is Dale’s son. On November 7, 2010, Myers, who was
incarcerated at the Correctional Industrial Complex in Plainfield, was told by
the prison chaplain that his father had died. Myers was allowed to telephone
his brother, who told Myers that their father had died at Anonymous Hospital
after his spleen ruptured and he bled to death following colon surgery. Myers,
seeking to learn more about his father’s death, attempted to obtain a death
certificate. However, Indiana Department of Correction policy prohibited him
from obtaining one.
[4] In December 2011, one year after his father’s death, Myers contacted
Anonymous Hospital in an attempt to obtain his father’s medical records. The
Hospital advised Myers that his request was not on the proper form and sent
him the correct one, which requested the last four digits of his father’s social-
security number. Myers, however, did not have this number so he did not
pursue his request for the medical records.
[5] In September 2012, while Myers was in court on an unrelated matter, he was
given his father’s death certificate. Myers was able to view his father’s causes of
death, which were listed as: 1. cardiac arrest secondary to hypotension2; 2.
2
Hypotension is abnormally low blood pressure. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-
topics/topics/hyp (last visited May 6, 2015).
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hypotension and ischemia3 due to internal bleeding; and 3. internal bleeding at
spleen. Appellant’s App. p. 117. Myers was also able to view his father’s
social-security number and again attempted to obtain his father’s medical
records from Anonymous Hospital. When Myers learned he would have to pay
for the records, Myers did not pursue his request.
[6] One month later, on October 31, 2012, Myers attempted to file his first
proposed complaint with the Indiana Department of Insurance. The complaint
named Anonymous Hospital as a defendant but did not name Anonymous
Physician or Anonymous Medical Group. Myers did not include the filing fee
with his proposed complaint and was subsequently granted a fee waiver. His
complaint was marked as filed by the Department of Insurance on February 6,
2013.
[7] In March 2013, Myers filed an amended proposed complaint against
Anonymous Hospital. The complaint did not name either Anonymous
Physician or Anonymous Medical Group as defendants. On September 4,
2013, Myers requested the appointment of counsel, which the trial court denied.
On October 4, Myers made a formal request for production of medical
documents, which he received on February 14, 2014.
3
Ischemia is the medical term for what happens when the heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen.
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/ischemia-topic-overview (last visited May 6, 2015).
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[8] Myers filed a second amended proposed complaint wherein he named
Anonymous Physician as a defendant on February 21, 2014. Six months later,
Anonymous Physician filed a petition for a preliminary determination of law
and summary judgment based on the statute of limitations. Specifically,
Anonymous Physician argued that Myers had failed to file his proposed
complaint within two years of November 4, 2010, the patient’s date of death.
On September 11, 2014, Myers filed both a third amended proposed complaint
adding Anonymous Medical Group as a defendant as well as a response to
Anonymous Physician’s summary-judgment motion. In Anonymous
Physician’s reply to Myers’s response, Anonymous Physician stated that the
arguments contained in his summary-judgment motion and reply applied
equally to Anonymous Medical Group.
[9] On October 8, 2014, the trial court issued an order granting summary judgment
in favor of Anonymous Physician and Anonymous Medical Group.
Specifically, the trial court concluded that Myers’s claims were barred by the
statute of limitations.
[10] Myers, pro se, now appeals.
Discussion and Decision
[11] At the outset we note that Myers is proceeding pro se. Such litigants are held to
the same standard as trained counsel. Evans v. State, 809 N.E.2d 338, 344 (Ind.
Ct. App. 2004), trans. denied.
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I. Statute of Limitations
[12] Myers first argues that the trial court erred in concluding that his claim was
barred by the statute of limitations and granting summary judgment in favor of
Anonymous Physician and Anonymous Medical Group. When reviewing a
grant of summary judgment, we apply the same standard as the trial court.
Anonymous Physician v. Wininger, 998 N.E.2d 749, 751 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013).
Summary judgment is proper only when the designated evidence shows that
there is no genuine issue of material fact and the moving party is entitled to
judgment as a matter of law. Id. All facts and reasonable inferences therefrom
are construed in a light most favorable to the nonmovant. Id.
[13] Statutes of limitations are favored in Indiana because they afford security
against stale claims and promote the peace and welfare of society. Runkle v.
Runkle, 916 N.E.2d 184, 191 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009), trans. denied. They are
enacted on the presumption that someone with a well-founded claim will not
delay in enforcing it. Id. Further, the statute-of-limitations defense is
particularly well suited as a basis for summary judgment. Id. When a movant
asserts the statute of limitations as an affirmative defense and makes a prima
facie showing that the action was untimely commenced, the nonmovant has the
burden of establishing an issue of fact material to the theory that avoids the
affirmative defense. Id. at 192.
The Medical Malpractice Act’s statute of limitations is found in Indiana Code
section 34-18-7-1(b), which provides that a claim against a health-care
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professional based upon health care that was provided or should have been
provided, must be filed within two years of the alleged act, omission, or neglect.
This is an occurrence-based statute of limitations, which means that an action
for medical malpractice generally must be filed within two years from the date
the alleged negligent act occurred rather from the date it was discovered. Houser
v. Kaufman, 972 N.E.2d 927, 933 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012), trans. denied. However,
if the claimant does not discover the alleged malpractice and resulting injury,
and does not possess the information that would lead a reasonably diligent
person to such discovery during the two-year period, the occurrence-based
limitation period is unconstitutional as applied. Garneau v. Bush, 838 N.E.2d
1134, 1141 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005), trans. denied. In such cases, it must be
determined when the claimant possessed enough information that, in the
exercise of reasonable diligence, should have led to the discovery of the alleged
malpractice and resulting injury. Id. Reasonable diligence requires a claimant
“to inquire into the possibility of a claim within the remaining limitations
period, and to institute a claim within that period or forego it.” Herron v.
Anigbo, 897 N.E.2d 444, 459 (Ind. 2008), reh’g denied.
[14] Here, the last alleged negligent act occurred on November 4, 2010, the date the
patient died. However, Myers did not file his complaint against Anonymous
Physician until February 21, 2014, or against Anonymous Medical Group until
September 11, 2014. Both dates are clearly outside the statute-of-limitations
period. Myers, however, argues that the “earliest [he] could’ve discovered facts
to learn of the malpractice and resulting injury would’ve been after receipt of
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the September 28, 2012, delivered death certificate, which [his] February 21,
2014, Second Amended Complaint was well within two years of.” Appellant’s
Br. p. 9.
[15] Although Myers claims that he did not discover the alleged malpractice until he
received his father’s death certificate in September 2012, our review of the
evidence reveals that on November 10, 2010, three days after their father’s
death, Myers’s brother gave him the very information contained in the death
certificate. Specifically, Myers’s brother told him that their father died at
Anonymous Hospital after his spleen ruptured and he bled to death following
colon surgery. Although he possessed this information that alerted him to the
alleged malpractice and resulting injury, Myers waited thirteen months, until
December 14, 2011, before contacting the hospital and requesting his father’s
medical records. After the hospital told Myers that his request was not on the
proper form and sent him the correct one, which requested the last four digits of
his father’s social-security number, Myers delayed almost another year, until
September 2012, before he again attempted to obtain his father’s medical
records from Anonymous Hospital. Myers did not exercise reasonable
diligence in pursuing his claim, and the trial court did not err in concluding that
his claim was barred by the statute of limitations and granting summary
judgment in favor of Anonymous Physician and Anonymous Medical Group. 4
4
To the extent Myers asks us to toll the statute of limitations to accommodate his incarceration, we deny his
request. The Indiana Supreme Court addressed a similar request in Boggs v. Tri-State Radiology, Inc., 730
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II. Appointment of Counsel
[16] Myers also argues that the trial court erred in denying his request for the
appointment of counsel. Pursuant to Indiana Code section 34-10-1-2(b)(2), if a
person does not have sufficient means to prosecute or defend an action, the
court “may, under exceptional circumstances, assign an attorney to defend or
prosecute the case.” However, the court shall deny a request for an attorney if
the person making the request is unlikely to prevail on his claim. Ind. Code §
34-10-1-2(d).
[17] Here, our review of the evidence reveals that the statute of limitations began to
run in November 2010. Myers did not file his request for appointment of
counsel until almost three years later in September 2013. By that time, the
statute of limitations had run out on his claim, and he was therefore unlikely to
prevail on it. Under these circumstances, the trial court did not err in denying
Myers’s request for appointment of counsel.
[18] Affirmed.
Kirsch, J., and Bradford, J., concur.
N.E.2d 692 (Ind. 2000), where Boggs argued that the statute of limitations operated as a practical bar by
forcing medical-malpractice victims who suffer from terminal conditions to commence litigation and
simultaneously battle for their lives. However, the Supreme Court concluded that although Boggs’s point
had some force, nothing prevented him or his deceased wife from initiating litigation within the statutory
period or attempting to secure a waiver of the limitations period. Id. at 696. Rather, the Supreme Court
pointed out that the legislature chose the benefits of certainty over the burdens that may be imposed and that
such a scheme raised no inherent bar to a remedy and left the courts open to entertain the claim. Id.
Similarly, in this case, nothing prevented Myers from initiating litigation within the statutory period.
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Jason T. Myers v. Anonymous Medical Group, Anonymous Physician (mem. dec.)
Combined Opinion