In the Supreme Court of Georgia
Decided: June 1, 2015
S15A0447. CROSDALE v. THE STATE.
HINES, Presiding Justice.
Dario Reynaldo Crosdale (“Crosdale”) appeals from his convictions and
sentences for malice murder, aggravated assault, and possession of a firearm
during the commission of a crime, all in connection with the deaths of his wife,
Mona Crosdale (“Mona”), and her cousin, Cleveland Lanford Roberts
(“Roberts”). For the reasons that follow, we affirm.1
1
The crimes occurred on June 7, 2005. On June 7, 2006, a Clayton County grand jury
indicted Crosdale for the malice murder of Mona Crosdale, the malice murder of Cleveland Lanford
Roberts, the felony murder of Mona Crosdale while in the commission of aggravated assault, the
felony murder of Cleveland Lanford Roberts while in the commission of aggravated assault, the
aggravated assault of Mona Crosdale with a pistol, the aggravated assault of Mona Crosdale with
a hammer, the aggravated assault of Cleveland Lanford Roberts with a pistol, possession of a firearm
during the commission of the crime of aggravated assault of Mona Crosdale, and possession of a
firearm during the commission of the crime of the murder of Cleveland Lanford Roberts. Crosdale
was tried before a jury June 22-24, 2010, and found guilty of all charges. On June 24, 2010,
Crosdale was sentenced to terms of life in prison without the possibility of parole for the malice
murders, twenty years in prison for the aggravated assault of Mona Crosdale with a pistol, twenty
years in prison for the aggravated assault of Cleveland Lanford Roberts with a pistol, and terms of
five years in prison for each count of possession of a firearm during the commission of a crime, all
to be served consecutively; the remaining charges either merged with a crime for which a sentence
was entered or were vacated by operation of law. See Malcolm v. State, 263 Ga. 369, 371-374 (4),
(5) (434 SE2d 479) (1993). Crosdale filed a motion for new trial on July 15, 2010, which he
amended on August 8, 2013, and amended again on April 28, 2014. On July 21, 2014, the motion,
as amended, was denied. Crosdale filed a notice of appeal on August 5, 2014, and the appeal was
docketed in this Court for the January 2015 term and submitted for decision on the briefs.
Crosdale conducted his own defense at trial. Construed to support the
verdicts, the evidence presented showed that Crosdale and Mona had a son and
a daughter, and that Roberts was temporarily living with them. The day before
the killings, Mona told a friend that she was going to take the children to her
parents in another state; that same day, Crosdale purchased a handgun, took the
children to a babysitter’s home for an overnight stay, and returned home. There,
he approached Roberts and Mona as they were seated at the kitchen table,
eating. Crosdale fired multiple shots at Roberts and Mona with the newly-
purchased handgun, including a fatal shot to Roberts’s head and several others
to his torso and arm; two projectiles also struck Mona, one in the leg and one in
the chest; she fled to another room on the ground floor of the house, where
Crosdale bludgeoned her to death with a hammer he had purchased two weeks
before, striking her multiple times on the head and neck. Crosdale then locked
the handgun in an upstairs safe.
Crosdale later went to a church he had attended approximately five years
earlier, where a regularly-scheduled 6:00 a.m. prayer meeting was disbanding.
He encountered Louis Clark in the parking lot, who remembered Crosdale from
his prior attendance. Crosdale asked Clark if he could see the senior pastor, who
2
was unavailable, and then asked to see the senior pastor’s wife, who was also
unavailable. Crosdale then asked to speak with the assistant pastor; Clark
informed him that he was now the assistant pastor,2 and Crosdale said that he
wanted “to talk about a couple of things.” Clark asked how Crosdale’s wife
was, and Crosdale responded that that was one of the things he wanted to talk
about. Crosdale then told Clark that “something bad” had happened; he first
said that he had shot two people in self defense, and then said that Roberts
attacked him with a knife, that his wife came between them “and tried to grab
the gun,” and both Roberts and Mona were shot; he did not mention striking
Mona with a hammer. Clark enquired whether they might be alive and
suggested that they call 911, and Clark did so.3
Crosdale told a responding law enforcement officer that Roberts attacked
him with a knife, that he shot Roberts in self-defense, and that he accidentally
shot his wife when she tried to get the pistol. Crosdale was wearing a shirt with
Mona’s blood on it. Law enforcement officers investigated the crime scene and
2
During the hearing on Crosdale’s motion for new trial, Clark described his position at that
time as “an administrative pastor.”
3
During the hearing on Crosdale’s motion for new trial, Clark testified that he asked whether
the victims might need help, “[s]o from there, you know, we talked about the merit of calling and
checking on them and so from that point we called 911.”
3
Crosdale was read his Miranda4 rights, placed under arrest, and transported to
police headquarters for further questioning. While en route to police
headquarters, a detective asked him where he worked, and Crosdale told him.
Crosdale then asked: “Did you find the hammer?” The detective asked:
“What?” Crosdale responded that he had put the hammer in a trash receptacle
at a gas station near his house, and had “swung the hammer to get his wife off
of him.” Law enforcement officers later found the hammer used to bludgeon
Mona where Crosdale said it would be.
At trial, Crosdale testified that: the killer of Mona and Roberts was a man
named Juan Sanchez; Crosdale and Roberts had agreed to help a woman recover
$35,000 from Sanchez, her former boyfriend; while Mona and Roberts were
away from the house, Crosdale answered the door to find Sanchez and another
man, both with firearms; the two men took Crosdale to the master bedroom,
where they saw the receipt for the handgun he had purchased; the men bound
and gagged Crosdale; Mona and Roberts returned to the house; Mona went
upstairs; Sanchez and the other man forced Mona and Crosdale to go downstairs
with them; Sanchez used Crosdale’s handgun to shoot Roberts; after Mona
4
Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (86 SCt 1602, 16 LE2d 694) (1966).
4
refused to perform a sexual act with Sanchez, he bludgeoned her to death with
the hammer; Sanchez forced Crosdale to place the hammer in the trash
receptacle at the gas station; Sanchez forced Crosdale to drive to the location
where his children were; Sanchez then forced him to go to the church and
confess to a pastor, as if Crosdale were a member of the Roman Catholic faith,
which was Sanchez’s upbringing; and, Crosdale told Clark and the investigating
police officers exactly what Sanchez told him to tell them. At no time during
the investigation did Crosdale tell anyone about Sanchez and the other man.
1. Crosdale contends that admitting evidence of the matters he related to
Clark violated the privilege set forth in former OCGA § 24-9-22, which
provided that communications to certain clergy “made by any person professing
religious faith, seeking spiritual comfort, or seeking counseling” were privileged
and not a subject about which testimony could be received.5 However, when
5
Former OCGA § 24-9-22 read:
Every communication made by any person professing religious faith, seeking
spiritual comfort, or seeking counseling to any Protestant minister of the Gospel, any
priest of the Roman Catholic faith, any priest of the Greek Orthodox Catholic faith,
any Jewish rabbi, or to any Christian or Jewish minister, by whatever name called,
shall be deemed privileged. No such minister, priest, or rabbi shall disclose any
communications made to him by any such person professing religious faith, seeking
spiritual guidance, or seeking counseling, nor shall such minister, priest, or rabbi be
competent or compellable to testify with reference to any such communication in any
court.
5
Clark’s testimony was offered, Crosdale made no objection, and appellate
review of the issue has been waived. Wright v. State, 296 Ga. 276, 283 (2) (766
SE2d 439) (2014). As to Crosdale’s contention that the privilege set forth in
former OCGA § 24-9-22 can never be waived, this Court has recognized that it
can. Willis v. State, 287 Ga. 703, 706 (2) (699 SE2d 1) (2010). In any event, the
privilege was never asserted at trial for the court’s resolution. Compare id. See
also Alternative Health Care Systems v. McCown, 237 Ga. App. 355, 360 (5)
(514 SE2d 691) (1999).
2. Crosdale also contends that the trial court should have conducted a
hearing before admitting evidence of what he told Clark, and that evidence of
what he told Clark, and all evidence subsequently discovered by virtue of
Crosdale’s statements to Clark, should have been excluded. Again, Crosdale did
not raise any such issue at trial. See Wright, supra. To the extent that Crosdale
contends that a Jackson v. Denno6 hearing was warranted because Clark was
acting as an agent of law enforcement when Clark discussed with Crosdale
calling 911 and when Clark made the call, there is no evidence that he filled any
This privilege is now found in OCGA § 24-5-502, effective January 1, 2013.
6
Jackson v. Denno, 378 U.S. 368 (84 SCt 1774, 12 LE2d 908) (1964).
6
such role.7 See In re Paul, 270 Ga. 680, 684 (513 SE2d 219) (1999). Compare
Thorpe v. State, 285 Ga. 604, 610-611 (6) (678 SE2d 913) (2009). Further, any
spiritual exhortation on Clark’s part that led Crosdale to agree to call 911 would
not constitute coercion. See Heard v. State, 287 Ga. 554, 557 (2) (679 SE2d
811) (2010). Accordingly, this enumeration of error has no merit.
3. Finally, Crosdale asserts that, without the evidence he challenges in
Divisions 1 and 2, supra, there was insufficient evidence to support his
convictions. However, as noted above, the referenced evidence was admitted
without objection. The evidence presented at trial was sufficient to authorize a
rational trier of fact to find beyond a reasonable doubt that Crosdale was guilty
of the crimes of which he was convicted. See Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307
(99 SCt 2781, 61 LE2d 560) (1979).
Judgments affirmed. All the Justices concur.
7
At Crosdale’s request, the trial court conducted a Jackson v. Denno hearing prior to
admitting testimony regarding Crosdale’s query to the police officer transporting him whether
investigating officers had found the hammer. Crosdale does not enumerate error regarding the
decision to admit that evidence.
7