NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.
IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION ONE
JESSICA H., Appellant,
v.
DEPARTMENT OF CHILD SAFETY, X.H., Appellees.
No. 1 CA-JV 14-0201
FILED 6-11-2015
Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
No. JD21461
The Honorable William R. Wingard, Judge Pro Tempore
AFFIRMED
COUNSEL
Vierling Law Offices, Phoenix
By Thomas A. Vierling
Counsel for Appellant
Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Phoenix
By Michael F. Valenzuela
Counsel for Appellee Department of Child Safety
JESSICA H. v. DCS, et al.
Decision of the Court
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Judge Patricia A. Orozco delivered the decision of the Court, in which
Presiding Judge Samuel A. Thumma and Judge Michael J. Brown joined.
O R O Z C O, Judge:
¶1 Jessica H. (Mother) appeals from the termination of her
parental rights to X.H. (Child). For the following reasons, we affirm the
juvenile court’s termination order.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
¶2 Child was born premature in January 2012. At the time of
Child’s birth, the Department of Child Safety (DCS) received a report that
Mother tested positive for methamphetamine. DCS attempted to speak
with Mother, but was initially unsuccessful for various reasons. DCS
eventually spoke with Mother and inspected her home. In mid-February
2012, DCS took Child into custody and filed a dependency petition that
alleged Mother was neglecting Child due to substance abuse and failing to
provide basic necessities. The juvenile court found Child dependent as to
Mother in September 2012,1 and adopted a family reunification case plan.
Mother agreed to a reunification plan that included parent aide services, a
psychological consultation, a substance abuse assessment/treatment
program, drug testing—including hair follicle and random tests—
supervised visitation, and an agreement that Mother would follow the
reasonable recommendations of any evaluation and assessment.
¶3 Child’s court-appointed guardian ad litem (GAL) filed a
motion to terminate the parent-child relationship several weeks after the
dependency determination, citing Arizona Revised Statutes (A.R.S.) section
8-533.B.8(b), six months’ time in an out-of-home placement. An amended
petition later alleged termination also was proper under A.R.S § 8-
1 This court affirmed the dependency finding in 2013. See Jessica H. v.
Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 1 CA-JV 12-0205, 2013 WL 709669 (Ariz. App. Feb.
26, 2013) (mem. decision).
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JESSICA H. v. DCS, et al.
Decision of the Court
533.B.8(c), fifteen months’ time in an out-of-home placement. A multi-day
severance trial concluded in May 2014.
¶4 At trial, Mother testified that she was aware of her positive
test for methamphetamine at the time of Child’s birth, but denied she ever
used the drug. Mother also admitted that she was aware that she tested
positive for methamphetamine and cocaine at the time she gave birth to
another child, which occurred during the course of Child’s severance
proceedings. Mother further testified that she was offered services by DCS,
including random drug testing, a drug treatment assessment, psychological
evaluation, parenting aid, visitation, and others. Mother stated that she did
not begin drug testing services until six months after they were offered
because she believed participation was optional. Once Mother began
participating, she admitted she missed several tests. Mother also stated she
was aware that a hair follicle test she completed came back positive for
methamphetamine. Mother asserted that “the only explanation [she] could
think of” was that the positive tests were the result of other drugs she was
taking for medical reasons. Mother admitted that she did not comply with
court orders for further hair follicle tests. Nevertheless, Mother believed
she had substantially complied with the services offered by DCS.
¶5 DCS presented the psychological evaluation report of Shane
T. Hunt, Ed.D at trial. Dr. Hunt testified that Mother did not disclose to
him any drugs she was taking for her medical conditions at the time of his
evaluation. Dr. Hunt also diagnosed Mother with histrionic personality
traits and Somatoform Disorder, and stated that “the individual with those
types of personality traits seek out attention. They really like to be the
center of attention.” Dr. Hunt additionally testified that apart from drug
testing, Mother had complied with other DCS services such as visitation
and individual counseling. Dr. Hunt stated, however, that “the biggest
concern I have is with the amphetamine [use] itself.”
¶6 The assigned DCS caseworker testified that, in addition to the
hair follicle tests that produced positive results for methamphetamine,
Mother also tested positive for methamphetamine during intake for a
substance abuse treatment program. The caseworker further testified that
Child was taken into DCS custody because Child was “[s]ubstance exposed
at birth.” Although Mother was referred for additional services through
her treatment program, Mother did not complete them. The case worker
acknowledged that Mother had received several “clean” results on urine
analysis (UA) drug tests, and the case worker testified that DCS had
accordingly requested Mother take observed UA tests to help DCS reconcile
the record of “clean” tests with the hair follicle tests that were positive for
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JESSICA H. v. DCS, et al.
Decision of the Court
methamphetamine. When DCS requested Mother take observed UA tests,
Mother would not participate in any further UA testing.
¶7 During one of the termination proceedings in May 2014, DCS
presented testimony that Mother had ignored three court orders, issued at
separate times throughout the proceeding, to complete an additional hair
follicle test.2 Over the course of the termination proceeding, DCS continued
to offer services, including referrals to drug treatment programs, a
psychiatric evaluation, and an updated psychological evaluation. Mother
either failed to participate in these services or did so minimally.
¶8 The juvenile court terminated Mother’s parental rights,
finding that, pursuant to A.R.S. § 8-533.B.8(b), clear and convincing
evidence established that Child was under three years of age, was in an out-
of-home placement for six months or longer, and pursuant to A.R.S. § 8-
533.B.8(c), clear and convincing evidence established Child was in an out-
of-home placement for fifteen months or longer. The juvenile court also
found by a preponderance of evidence that severance was in Child’s best
interests, noting that Child “would be at risk of abuse or neglect” if placed
in Mother’s care and that Child was in a foster care placement that was
willing to adopt and would provide Child with permanency and stability.
Mother timely appealed and we have jurisdiction pursuant to Article 6,
Section 9, of the Arizona Constitution, A.R.S §§ 8-235.A, 12-120.21.A.1, and
-2101.A (West 2015),3 and Arizona Rule of Procedure for the Juvenile Court
103(A).
DISCUSSION
¶9 Terminating parental rights has two elements. See A.R.S. § 8-
533.B (West 2015). First, clear and convincing evidence must establish one
of the statutory grounds in A.R.S. § 8-533.B. Michael J. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ.
Sec., 196 Ariz. 246, 249, ¶ 12 (2000). Second, the juvenile court must find by
a preponderance of evidence that severance is in the child’s best interests.
Kent K. v. Bobby M., 210 Ariz. 279, 288, ¶ 42 (2005). In reviewing a
termination order, we will not reweigh the evidence, and we view all
2 Mother testified she paid for a hair follicle test herself after the court
ordered her to take one in February 2014. She did not have a receipt or
provide one to DCS, however.
3 We cite the current version of applicable statutes when no revisions
material to this decision have since occurred.
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JESSICA H. v. DCS, et al.
Decision of the Court
evidence in the light most favorable to sustaining the juvenile court’s
rulings. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec. v. Rocky J., 234 Ariz. 437, 440, ¶ 12 (App.
2014). We will affirm the juvenile court’s findings unless no reasonable
evidence supports them. Id.
¶10 The first issue raised on appeal by Mother concerns the
reunification services offered by DCS. However, Mother did not object in
juvenile court to the sufficiency of services provided by DCS. Because the
juvenile court found that DCS “made diligent and reasonable efforts to
provide reunification services,” Mother has waived this issue on appeal.
See Shawanee S. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 234 Ariz. 174, 178-79, ¶ 16 (App.
2014) (noting that parents must “voice their concerns about services” in a
“timely manner” and failing to do so precludes arguing on appeal that
services were inadequate).4
¶11 Mother next argues the juvenile court erred in finding clear
and convincing evidence supported the statutory grounds for termination.
Because we conclude termination was proper pursuant to A.R.S. § 8-
533.B.8(b), we do not analyze Mother’s argument pertaining to A.R.S. § 8-
533.B.8.(c).
¶12 It is uncontested that Child was under three years old and in
an out-of-home placement for six months or longer when termination was
sought. Mother thus contends that the evidence presented by DCS does not
establish her willful refusal to remedy the circumstances causing Child’s
out-of-home placement. See A.R.S. § 8-533.B.8(b). Instead, she asserts that
she substantially complied with the reunification services such that the
clear and convincing evidence standard was not met. On this record,
Mother has not shown that the juvenile court’s findings are clearly
erroneous.
¶13 The record reflects that Mother engaged in a pattern of
evasion and non-compliance concerning the reunification services in which
she agreed to participate. Mother’s argument of substantial compliance is
unavailing; substantial neglect or willful refusal “is not limited to those who
4 Mother’s opening brief also does not comply with the requirements
of Arizona Rule of Civil Appellate Procedure 13(a)(7), which states that
“contentions concerning each issue presented for review” must contain
“citations of legal authorities and appropriate references to the portions of
the record on which the appellant relies.” Although Mother cites relevant
case law, she fails to cite the record in arguing the services offered by DCS
were inadequate.
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JESSICA H. v. DCS, et al.
Decision of the Court
have completely neglected or willfully refused to remedy” the circumstances
causing out-of-home placement. See Maricopa Cnty. Juv. Action No. JS-
501568, 177 Ariz. 571, 576 (App. 1994). Severance may be appropriate even
when a parent “eventually begins a successful recovery before the
severance hearing[.]” Id. at 577. Here, although Mother asserts she does
not have a substance abuse problem, there is credible evidence that
indicated otherwise and she did not take the conclusive steps necessary to
complete the services that would have either exonerated her claims or
provided the help she needed. Accordingly, the juvenile court did not err
in finding clear and convincing evidence that Mother substantially
neglected or willfully refused to remedy the circumstances causing Child’s
out-of-home placement.
¶14 Mother also challenges the juvenile court’s best interests
finding. To find best interests for termination, a juvenile court must
conclude “either that the child will benefit from the termination of the
relationship or that the child would be harmed by continuation of the
relationship.” James S. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 193 Ariz. 351, 356, ¶ 18
(App. 1998). Making a best interests determination necessarily obliges the
juvenile court to balance the fundamental liberty interest a parent has to
control and care for his or her child and the child’s fundamental interest in
a “normal family home.” Kent K., 210 Ariz. at 286, ¶ 34 (citation omitted).
¶15 Here, the juvenile court found that severance was in Child’s
best interest because Child would benefit from a safe, stable and permanent
home and that severance would provide Child with the opportunity to be
adopted in a placement that will continue providing considerable and
necessary care. The record reflects that Child’s premature and substance-
exposed birth left Child needing physical and behavioral therapies.
Accordingly, the juvenile court did not err in finding by a preponderance
of evidence that severance was in Child’s best interests.
CONCLUSION
¶16 We affirm the order terminating Mother’s parental rights.
:ama
6
Jessica H. v. Dcs, X.H.
Combined Opinion