Fourth Court of Appeals
San Antonio, Texas
MEMORANDUM OPINION
No. 04-14-00397-CV
In the Interest of D.S.A., S.D.A., and S.A.A., Children
From the 37th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas
Trial Court No. 2013EM506191
Honorable Eric Rodriguez, Judge Presiding
Opinion by: Karen Angelini, Justice
Sitting: Karen Angelini, Justice
Marialyn Barnard, Justice
Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice
Delivered and Filed: June 10, 2015
REVERSED AND REMANDED
The Office of the Texas Attorney General filed an original petition in a suit affecting the
parent-child relationship alleging that Sam M. Alvarez was the father of the children the subject
of this suit and seeking orders for conservatorship, visitation, and support. Alvarez, who is
incarcerated in a federal prison, filed a pro se answer and, on at least two separate occasions, filed
documents asking the trial court to permit him to participate in the trial either in person or by
telephone. The trial was reset multiple times. When the case was finally called for trial, the trial
court reviewed the documents filed by Alvarez and expressly denied his request to participate in
the trial by telephone. The trial court then proceeded to trial, considering only the evidence
presented by the Attorney General’s Office. 1 Thereafter, the trial court rendered a default judgment
1
Alvarez’s request for a bench warrant to appear at trial was implicitly denied.
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against Alvarez. The judgment appoints Alvarez as possessory conservator of the children, grants
him no visitation, orders him to pay cash medical support of $25.00 per month, grants a retroactive
child support judgment against him in the amount of $30,240.00, and orders him to pay this
judgment by paying $200.00 per month. Alvarez appealed.
Alvarez’s threshold complaint on appeal is that the trial court erred in denying his requests
to participate in the trial. Alvarez claims that his due process rights were violated.
Although an inmate does not have an automatic right to appear personally in court, he does
not automatically lose the right to access the courts by virtue of being incarcerated. In the Interest
of R.C.R., 230 S.W.3d 423, 426 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2007, no pet.) (citing In the Interest of
Z.L.T., 124 S.W.3d 163, 165 (Tex. 2003)). An inmate’s right to have access to the courts entails
not so much his personal presence as the opportunity to present evidence or contradict the evidence
of the opposing party. Id. When the trial court finds that a pro se inmate in a civil action is not
entitled to leave prison to appear personally in court, then the prisoner should be allowed to
proceed by affidavit, deposition, telephone, or other effective means. Dodd v. Dodd, 17 S.W.3d
714, 717 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2000, no pet.), disapproved of on other grounds, Z.L.T.,
124 S.W.3d at 166.
For these reasons, Texas appellate courts, including this court, have sustained complaints
similar to Alvarez’s complaint. See Larson v. Giesenschlag, 368 S.W.3d 792, 797-98 (Tex. App.—
Austin 2012, no pet.); In the Interest of D.D.J., 136 S.W.3d 305, 313-14 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth
2004, no pet.). For example, in Lann v. LaSalle Cnty., 04-02-00005-CV, 2003 WL 141040, at *1
(Tex. App.—San Antonio January 22, 2003, no pet.), we held that the trial court erred when it
denied a request by a pro se inmate to participate by telephone in the trial of a civil matter. As we
stated in Lann, the trial court “should have permitted [the incarcerated civil litigant] to proceed by
some other viable means, such as the telephone conference [he] had expressly requested.” Id. We
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explained that the trial court, by failing to provide the inmate an alternative means to participate,
effectively denied the inmate his fundamental right under the federal constitution to be heard at a
meaningful time in a meaningful manner. Id.
Here, the trial court did not err in denying Alvarez’s request for a bench warrant. See Z.L.T.,
124 S.W.3d at 166 (holding the trial court did not err in denying a request for a bench warrant
when the inmate failed to make the required showing). However, the trial court did err in denying
Alvarez’s alternative request to participate in the trial by some other viable means, such as by
telephone. See Larson, 368 S.W.3d at 797-98 (holding the trial court erred in denying incarcerated
civil litigant’s request to participate at trial by alternative means); D.D.J., 136 S.W.3d at 314
(same); Lann, 2003 WL 141040, at *1 (same). We therefore reverse the judgment and remand this
case to the trial court for proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Karen Angelini, Justice
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