United States Court of Appeals
For the Eighth Circuit
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No. 14-1830
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United States of America,
lllllllllllllllllllll Plaintiff - Appellee,
v.
Don L. Elbert, II,
lllllllllllllllllllll Defendant - Appellant.
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Appeal from United States District Court
for the Western District of Missouri - Kansas City
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Submitted: January 12, 2015
Filed: June 19, 2015
[Unpublished]
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Before RILEY, Chief Judge, COLLOTON and KELLY, Circuit Judges.
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PER CURIAM.
After finding that Don L. Elbert, II, violated four conditions of his supervised
release from prison, the district court1 revoked his release and sentenced him to a new
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The Honorable Brian C. Wimes, United States District Judge for the Western
District of Missouri.
term of 36 months’ imprisonment, followed by 15 years of supervised release. Elbert
appeals the court’s finding that he violated conditions of release, and he contends
alternatively that the sentence is unreasonable. We affirm.
I.
In May 2007, Elbert pleaded guilty to one count of sex trafficking of a minor,
in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1591. The district court sentenced him to 96 months’
imprisonment, followed by 15 years of supervised release. Elbert appealed, and we
affirmed his conviction and sentence. United States v. Elbert, 561 F.3d 771 (8th Cir.
2009). After serving his prison sentence, Elbert began a term of supervised release
in September 2013.
As conditions of release, Elbert was required to notify his probation officer ten
days before any change in residence, to register his residence with the local sex
offender registration unit, to follow instructions of his probation officer, to refrain
from committing any federal, state, or local crimes, and to participate successfully in
a mental health counseling program.
Shortly after his release from prison, Elbert was scheduled to attend a mental
health assessment, but he failed to appear due to problems with transportation. The
probation office instructed Elbert to contact the clinic and arrange for another
appointment. To satisfy his residency requirement, Elbert reported that he would
establish residency at a mission in Kansas City, Missouri, and he registered the
mission as his official residence with the Jackson County Sheriff’s Department.
In late September 2013, probation officer Michael Mattivi met with a mission
official to confirm Elbert’s residence, but the official advised him that Elbert had
never stayed at the mission overnight. Elbert admitted to Mattivi that he often slept
in his car due to concerns with theft at the mission. Mattivi informed Elbert that he
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was in violation of his supervised release conditions and advised him that he was
required to follow the probation office’s instructions. In an effort to resolve Elbert’s
concerns with theft at the mission, Mattivi investigated a new home plan for Elbert.
Later that day, Mattivi approved a plan for Elbert to reside with Elbert’s uncle, Perry
Doyle, in Kansas City, Missouri. The probation office informed Elbert that he must
stay every night at his approved residence. Elbert registered Doyle’s home as his
residence.
As of October 28, 2013, Elbert had not rescheduled his mental health
assessment as instructed, so probation officer Mattivi met Elbert at Doyle’s home to
discuss Elbert’s counseling requirement. During his visit, Mattivi discovered that
Elbert did not have a key to the front door or to his assigned bedroom. Elbert
admitted that he had been spending nights away from the house, saying he often was
unable to contact Doyle in the evenings and could not enter the house. Mattivi again
instructed Elbert to begin permanent residency at Doyle’s house immediately. He
also provided Elbert with contact information for the mental health clinic and
instructed him to call the provider to reschedule his mental health assessment.
On November 20, 2013, Mattivi conducted a home visit at Doyle’s house, but
Elbert was not home. Doyle admitted that Elbert had not spent a night at the house
since Mattivi’s last visit. As of November 22, 2013, Elbert had not contacted the
mental health clinic to reschedule his assessment.
On November 22, 2013, the probation office recommended revocation of
Elbert’s supervised release based on four violations of his conditions of supervised
release. All alleged violations arose out of Elbert’s failure to reside at his approved
residence and his failure to comply with his mental health counseling requirement.
After a hearing, the district court found that Elbert committed all four
violations alleged and revoked his supervised release. At sentencing, the court
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determined that Elbert’s advisory guideline range was 12-18 months’ imprisonment,
but the court varied upward and sentenced him to 36 months’ imprisonment and 15
years of supervised release.
II.
Elbert argues that the government failed to prove the violations of supervised
release by a preponderance of the evidence. We review the district court’s findings
for clear error, United States v. Carothers, 337 F.3d 1017, 1019 (8th Cir. 2003), and
conclude that there was sufficient evidence to support the determination that Elbert
violated the conditions of his release.
The conditions of release required Elbert to reside at a residence approved by
the probation office and to register his residence with the sex offender registry.
Doyle testified that Elbert did not spend a single night at his residence as required by
the conditions of release. Elbert argues that testimony of Doyle’s brother, Felix
Mason, that Doyle is forgetful and has mental health problems undermined Doyle’s
credibility. But the court addressed this contention and found that Doyle was
credible:
[T]he Court had the opportunity to hear evidence presented from the
witnesses and consider what was credible and what was not credible.
And the Court finds really all the witnesses were credible. They varied
different in the story, but I don’t even think the brother, Mr. Mason,
really contradicted what the evidence was. And in the Court’s opinion
will find that Mr. Elbert you are in violation of your conditions of
supervised release. And the government in my mind has clearly met the
burden of the preponderance and I think even beyond that.
The district court’s credibility determination is virtually unreviewable on
appeal. United States v. Smith, 576 F.3d 513, 516 (8th Cir. 2009). There was ample
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evidence based on Doyle’s testimony and the investigation of probation officer
Mattivi that Elbert failed to reside at his approved residence, violated federal sex
offender registration laws, failed to follow Mattivi’s instructions, and failed to
comply with his mental health counseling requirement. It was not an abuse of
discretion for the court to revoke Elbert’s supervised release.
Elbert also challenges his sentence. He did not object during the hearing, so
we review Elbert’s claims of procedural error for plain error. United States v. Nissen,
666 F.3d 486, 490 (8th Cir. 2012). Elbert argues that the district court failed
adequately to explain the chosen sentence, because the court made only general
comments that there was a concern of danger if Elbert failed to reside at his
designated residence. But the record shows that the district court properly considered
the nature and circumstances of Elbert’s offense and the need for the sentence to
protect the public from Elbert. See 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(1), (2). The court noted the
age and IQ of the victims of Elbert’s sex trafficking offense and explained why Elbert
posed a risk to public safety when he failed to stay at his designated residence or to
complete mental health counseling. Where a district court refers to some of the
factors set forth in § 3553(a), we ordinarily are satisfied that the court considered the
entire statute; a mechanistic recitation of each factor is not required. United States
v. White Face, 383 F.3d 733, 740 (8th Cir. 2004). Elbert did not object at the hearing
or request more elucidation, and the district court’s explanation was not plain error.
Elbert also argues that the district court’s upward variance from the advisory
guideline range to a term of 36 months’ imprisonment is unreasonable. We review
the district court’s sentencing decision under a deferential abuse-of-discretion
standard, Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. 38, 41 (2007), and we discern no reversible
error. The district court explained that Elbert’s violations of supervised release
prevented law enforcement from monitoring his whereabouts and thus presented a
serious risk to public safety in light of his prior victimization of minors. These
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reasons were sufficient to justify the three-year term of imprisonment and an extended
period of supervised release after that term is completed.
The judgment of the district court is affirmed.
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