FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION JUN 23 2015
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
GEMINI INSURANCE COMPANY, No. 13-16643
Plaintiff-counter-defendant - D.C. No. 1:10-cv-00637-LEK-
Appellee, BMK
v.
MEMORANDUM*
INDIAN HARBOR INSURANCE
COMPANY,
Third-party-defendant-
counter-claimant - Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of Hawaii
Leslie E. Kobayashi, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted June 10, 2015
Honolulu, Hawaii
Before: WARDLAW, BERZON, and OWENS, Circuit Judges.
Indian Harbor Insurance Company (“Indian Harbor”) appeals the district
court’s judgment in favor of Gemini Insurance Company (“Gemini”). As the
parties are familiar with the facts and procedural history, we do not repeat them
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
here. Having jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we reverse and remand for
further proceedings consistent with this disposition.
We disagree with the district court’s conclusion that the Gemini and Indian
Harbor policies insure against different risks.1 The policies provided overlapping
coverage for risk of loss from property damage or bodily injury due to pollution.
See Cont’l Ins. Co. v. Commercial Union Ins. Co., 278 N.Y.S.2d 995, 998 (1967);
see also Aetna Cas. & Sur. Co. v. Merchs. Mut. Ins. Co., 475 N.Y.S.2d 517, 518
(1984). Thus, pursuant to each policy’s “other insurance” clause, Indian Harbor’s
policy was excess to Gemini’s. See Sport Rock Int’l, Inc. v. Am. Cas. Co. of
Reading, PA, 878 N.Y.S.2d 339, 344-45 (2009) [hereinafter Sport Rock]. The
plain language of Indian Harbor’s policy and the policy’s purpose—evidenced by
the stated coverage and premium paid—further support a conclusion that Indian
1
Gemini contends that Hawaii law governs Indian Harbor’s obligations
under its policy despite a choice-of-law provision in the Indian Harbor policy
selecting New York law. This is not so. Under Hawaii’s choice-of-law rules, a
contractual choice-of law provision will be upheld so long as the chosen law “has
some nexus with the parties or the contract.” Del Monte Fresh Produce (Hawaii),
Inc. v. Fireman’s Fund Ins. Co., 117 Haw. 357, 364 (2007) (quoting Airgo, Inc. v.
Horizon Cargo Transp., Inc., 66 Haw. 590, 595 (1983)). Indian Harbor established
New York’s connection with the contract by demonstrating that Indian Harbor’s
directors, officers, and claims personnel, including the head of the claims
department responsible for the claims at issue in this case, were located in its New
York office. Given these facts, we do not decide whether this issue was waived.
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Harbor was the excess insurer. See Gen. Motors Acceptance Corp. v. Nationwide
Ins. Co., 4 N.Y.3d 451, 457 (2005); Sport Rock, 878 N.Y.S.2d at 346-47.
As an excess insurer, Indian Harbor was not obligated to pay defense costs
until Gemini’s coverage was exhausted. See Fieldston Property Owners Ass’n v.
Hermitage Ins. Co., 16 N.Y.3d 257, 265 (2011); Int’l Bus. Machines Corp. v.
Liberty Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 303 F.3d 419, 429 (2d Cir. 2002). As to the Schredder
Action settlement, the stipulated judgment stated that both insurers were obligated
to indemnify the insured for the entirety of the settlement. And, Indian Harbor was
not obligated to pay any of that amount until Gemini’s coverage was exhausted.
See Gen. Acc. Fire & Life Assur. Corp. v. Piazza, 4 N.Y.2d 659, 669 (1958).
On remand, the district court should determine whether the primary policy
and the self-insured retention were exhausted and order contribution and
reimbursement accordingly. Each party shall bear its own costs on appeal.
REVERSED and REMANDED for further proceedings consistent with this
disposition.
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