14-1800
Li v. Lynch
BIA
Vomacka, IJ
A099 531 331
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED
ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE
PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT=S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT
FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE
(WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY
OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for
2 the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States
3 Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the
4 24th day of June, two thousand fifteen.
5
6 PRESENT:
7 DENNIS JACOBS,
8 PETER W. HALL,
9 RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR.,
10 Circuit Judges.
11 _____________________________________
12
13 LING LI, AKA LI LING,
14 Petitioner,
15
16 v. 14-1800
17 NAC
18
19 LORETTA E. LYNCH, UNITED STATES
20 ATTORNEY GENERAL,*
21 Respondent.
22 _____________________________________
23
24 FOR PETITIONER: Jan Potemkin, New York, New York.
* Pursuant to Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 43(c)(2),
Attorney General Loretta E. Lynch is automatically substituted
for former Attorney General Eric H. Holder, Jr. as Respondent.
1
2 FOR RESPONDENT: Joyce R. Branda, Acting Assistant
3 Attorney General; Leslie McKay,
4 Assistant Director; Sara J. Bayram,
5 Trial Attorney, Office of
6 Immigration Litigation, United
7 States Department of Justice,
8 Washington, D.C.
9 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION of this petition for review of a
10 Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) decision, it is hereby
11 ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the petition for review is
12 DENIED.
13 Petitioner Ling Li, a native and citizen of the People’s
14 Republic of China, seeks review of a May 6, 2014, decision of
15 the BIA affirming an August 29, 2012, decision of an Immigration
16 Judge (“IJ”) denying Li’s application for asylum, withholding
17 of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture
18 (“CAT”). In re Ling Li, No. A099 531 331 (B.I.A. May 6, 2014),
19 aff’g No. A099 531 331 (Immig. Ct. N.Y. City Aug. 29, 2012).
20 We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts
21 and procedural history in this case.
22 Under the circumstances of this case, we have reviewed the
23 IJ’s decision, including the portions not explicitly discussed
24 by the BIA. Yun-Zui Guan v. Gonzales, 432 F.3d 391, 394 (2d
2
1 Cir. 2005). The applicable standards of review are well
2 established. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B); see also Yanqin
3 Weng v. Holder, 562 F.3d 510, 513 (2d Cir. 2009).
4 For asylum applications governed by the REAL ID Act, such
5 as Li’s, the agency may, considering the totality of the
6 circumstances, base a credibility finding on an asylum
7 applicant’s “demeanor, candor or responsiveness,” the
8 plausibility of her account, and inconsistencies in her
9 statements, without regard to whether they go “to the heart of
10 the applicant’s claim.” 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii); Xiu
11 Xia Lin v. Mukasey, 534 F.3d 162, 167 (2d Cir. 2008). We “defer
12 to an IJ’s credibility finding unless, from the totality of the
13 circumstances, it is plain that no reasonable fact-finder could
14 make such an adverse credibility ruling.” Xiu Xia Lin, 534 F.3d
15 at 167.
16 Substantial evidence supports the agency’s adverse
17 credibility determination, which was based on inconsistencies
18 (1) between Li’s testimony and her previous statements,
19 including her asylum application, her credible fear interview,
20 and her border interview; and (2) between her testimony and her
21 corroborating evidence.
3
1 Li’s claim that she feared persecution because of her
2 practice of Christianity was found incredible because, while
3 she testified that she had never been in a church before November
4 2009 (and submitted a letter from her church in New York stating
5 that she began attending in November 2009), her asylum
6 application was signed in September 2009 and stated that she
7 had begun to attend a Christian church. She also submitted a
8 letter from her mother, dated October 2009, which said that Li
9 had told her she was attending a Christian church. Li’s
10 attempted explanations -- that she had heard of and was
11 interested in Christianity, possibly had gone to religious
12 events, or planned to go to church in the future-- do not compel
13 a reasonable fact-finder to credit her testimony. Majidi v.
14 Gonzales, 430 F.3d 77, 80-81 (2d Cir. 2005).
15 Regarding her claim that she feared persecution at the
16 hands of her father, her testimony flatly contradicted her
17 border interview, at which she stated that she did not fear
18 persecution in China, but wanted to make money in the United
19 States and bring her parents to the country. The record of the
20 border interview was in question-and-answer format,
21 typewritten, and initialed by Li on each page. The border
4
1 officer explained the purpose of the interview to her, said that
2 legal protection was available to persons who fear persecution
3 in her country, and asked her open-ended questions with the help
4 of a translator. Accordingly, the interview bears the
5 “hallmarks of accuracy and reliability,” and the agency did not
6 err in relying on it to find Li incredible. Ramsameachire v.
7 Ashcroft, 357 F.3d 169, 181 (2d Cir. 2004).
8 Li’s claim on appeal that she is eligible for CAT relief
9 based on her practice of Christianity is unexhausted, because
10 before the BIA her CAT claim rested on a different factual basis:
11 that she would be tortured for having exited China illegally.
12 The Government argues that we may not consider Li’s CAT claim
13 regarding Christianity because she failed to exhaust it. We
14 agree. See Lin Zhong v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 480 F.3d 104,
15 107 n.1 (2d Cir. 2007).
16 Because the only threats to Li’s life or freedom depend upon
17 her credibility, the adverse credibility determination is
18 dispositive of her application for asylum and withholding of
19 removal. Paul v. Gonzales, 444 F.3d 148, 156 (2d Cir. 2006).
20 Accordingly, we need not consider the agency’s alternative
21 finding, that Li had not met her burden of proof even assuming
5
1 her credibility. See INS v. Bagamasbad, 429 U.S. 24, 25 (1976)
2 (“As a general rule, courts and agencies are not required to
3 make findings on issues the decision of which is unnecessary
4 to the results they reach.”).
5 For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is
6 DENIED.
7 FOR THE COURT:
8 Catherine O=Hagan Wolfe, Clerk
6