J-S41041-15
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
JEREMY MASON ARKINS,
Appellant No. 1872 MDA 2014
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence November 3, 2014
in the Court of Common Pleas of York County
Criminal Division at No.: CP-67-CR-0001529-2013
BEFORE: ALLEN, J., LAZARUS, J., and PLATT, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY PLATT, J.: FILED JULY 06, 2015
Appellant, Jeremy Mason Arkins, appeals from the judgment of
sentence imposed following his stipulated bench trial and conviction 1 of four
counts of driving under the influence (DUI).2 We affirm.
The trial court aptly summarized the facts of this case in its May 8,
2014 opinion as follows:
Trooper Levi Dively of the Pennsylvania State Police was
on patrol in Southern York County on December 12, 2012 at
approximately 2:29 a.m. At that time, he was following a red
Nissan Sentra on Orr Road, where it intersects Lime Road (SR
____________________________________________
*
Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1
The stipulation followed the trial court’s denial of Appellant’s motion to
suppress evidence.
2
75 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3802(d)(1)(i), 3802(d)(1)(iii), 3802(d)(3), and 3802(e),
respectively.
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2028). This is an intersection where Lime Road and Orr Road
come together at a very close angle to each other. It is
designated to be posted as a three-way stop. On the night in
question, there was supposed to be a Stop sign posted on the
right hand side of Lime Road where it intersects Orr Road, as
well as a second Stop sign posted on the left hand side of Lime
Road where it intersects Orr Road.
Brian Reigart of the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation [(PennDOT)] testified at the [suppression]
hearing. Mr. Reigart indicated that this was an intersection
where the Stop signs are frequently knocked down or removed
by vandals. Trooper Dively testified that on December 12, 2012
at 2:29 A.M., the red Nissan Sentra driven by [Appellant]
proceeded through the intersection of Lime Road and Orr Road
without stopping. [The officer stopped Appellant and noticed an
odor of alcohol coming from him. (See Stipulation 9/18/14, at
1-2, ¶¶ 2-3)]. The officer testified that there was a Stop sign
posted on the left hand side of the road facing the line of travel
of the [Appellant], which signaled to motorists traveling on Lime
Road that they should stop before proceeding onto Orr Road.
The officer testified that he did not notice a Stop sign posted on
the right hand side of the road. Based on the testimony of
Trooper Dively not noticing a Stop sign posted on the right hand
side of the intersection in the direction of travel, as well as the
testimony of Mr. Reigart that the Stop sign was frequently
knocked down, removed or vandalized at that location, the [trial
c]ourt [found] that on the night in question there was a Stop
sign posted on the left hand side of the intersection but not on
the right hand side of the intersection. The [c]ourt [found] that
[Appellant] proceeded through the intersection without stopping
for the Stop sign that was posted on the left hand side of the
intersection. The Trooper testified at the hearing that the only
reason for the traffic stop was [Appellant’s] failure to stop at the
intersection.[3] The officer testified that the Stop sign at the left
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3
See 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3323(b) (stating in pertinent part: “Duties at stop
signs.—. . . [E]very driver of a vehicle approaching a stop sign shall stop at
a clearly marked stop line or, if no stop line is present . . . then at the point
nearest the intersecting roadway where the driver has a clear view of
approaching traffic on the intersecting roadway before entering.”).
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hand side of the intersection was visible to drivers proceeding in
the direction of travel that he and [Appellant] were traveling.
Mr. Reigart . . . indicated that this is a well-known
intersection to PennDOT because of its unusual layout. He
testified that in the year 2000 a directive came down from
PennDOT to put a Stop sign on the left hand side of the
intersection as well as the right hand side. He further testified
that in 2011 PennDOT decided to post an extra-large 36-inch
sign on both sides of the intersection. The 36-inch sign was in
place on the date of the traffic stop of [Appellant] by Trooper
Dively. Mr. Reigart testified that it is not unusual for PennDOT
to post a Stop sign on the left hand side of an intersection,
especially when visibility at the intersection is bad. [He]
characterized the intersection in question in this case as being
an intersection where visibility is bad. Mr. Reigart testified that
this was a “very unus[ual] intersection,” with “sight distance
[issues].” [(N.T. Suppression Hearing, 12/18/13, at 18-19)].
He noted that it is a very narrow road and there is no shoulder.
He also indicated that there were numerous accidents occurring
at this intersection. Mr. Reigart indicated that the [Federal
Highway Administration’s] Manual on Uniform Traffic Control
Devices [(MUTCD)] is the manual and reference that guides
where PennDOT places traffic control devices.
(Trial Court Opinion, 5/08/14, at 1-2).
On September 17, 2013, Appellant filed an omnibus pretrial motion
seeking suppression of the evidence. The trial court held a hearing on
December 18, 2013, and it entered its order denying the motion on May 8,
2014. The case proceeded to a bench trial on September 18, 2014, at which
the parties stipulated that Appellant was guilty of the four DUI counts. (See
Stipulation, 9/18/14, at 2, ¶ 9; Order, 9/18/14, at 1-2). On November 3,
2014, after a hearing and review of a pre-sentence investigation report, the
court sentenced Appellant to a term of six months’ county intermediate
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punishment. (See N.T. Sentencing Hearing, 11/03/14, at 3). This timely
appeal followed.4
On appeal, Appellant challenges the trial court’s denial of his motion to
suppress evidence, arguing that the traffic stop was illegal. (See Appellant’s
Brief, at 6, 15-17).5 Specifically, he asserts that the stop was not supported
by probable cause where there was no stop sign posted on the right side of
the intersection, and the sign posted on the left side was merely an advisory
safety measure. (See id. at 17). He bases his argument on certain
provisions of the MUTCD, which he claims requires stop signs to be placed
on the right-hand side of the road. (See id. at 3, 6, 15). This issue does
not merit relief.
The standard and scope of review for a challenge to the
denial of a suppression motion is whether the factual findings are
supported by the record and whether the legal conclusions
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4
Pursuant to the trial court’s order, Appellant filed a timely concise
statement of errors complained of on appeal on November 19, 2014. See
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). The trial court entered its opinion on February 2, 2015.
See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a).
5
Appellant’s brief does not contain a statement of the questions involved, as
required by Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 2116. See Pa.R.A.P.
2116(a). Generally, the failure to include such a statement would result in a
waiver of all claims on appeal. See id. (“No question will be considered
unless it is stated in the statement of questions involved or is fairly
suggested thereby.”). However, because we can discern the crux of
Appellant’s issue from other portions of his brief, we will overlook this
briefing deficiency. See Commonwealth v. Stradley, 50 A.3d 769, 771
n.2 (Pa. Super. 2012) (declining to find waiver on basis of Rule 2116
violation where issue raised in other section of brief and defect did not
impede this Court’s ability to address merits).
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drawn from those facts are correct. When reviewing rulings of a
suppression court, we must consider only the evidence of the
prosecution and so much of the evidence for the defense as
remains uncontradicted when read in the context of the record
as a whole. Where the record supports findings of the
suppression court, we are bound by those facts and may reverse
only if the legal conclusions drawn therefrom are in error.
Commonwealth v. Leonard, 951 A.2d 393, 396 (Pa. Super. 2008)
(citation omitted).
“Further, [i]t is within the suppression court’s sole province as
factfinder to pass on the credibility of witnesses and the weight to be given
their testimony.” Commonwealth v. Houck, 102 A.3d 443, 455 (Pa.
Super. 2014) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).
Section 6308 of the Vehicle Code provides, in pertinent part:
§ 6308. Investigation by police officers
* * *
(b) Authority of police officer.—Whenever a police officer . . .
has reasonable suspicion that a violation of this title is
occurring or has occurred, he may stop a vehicle, upon request
or signal, for the purpose of checking the vehicle’s registration,
proof of financial responsibility, vehicle identification number or
engine number or the driver’s license, or to secure such other
information as the officer may reasonably believe to be
necessary to enforce the provisions of this title.
75 Pa.C.S.A. § 6308(b) (emphasis added).
When the police stop a vehicle in this Commonwealth for
investigatory purposes, the vehicle, and its occupants are
considered ‘seized’ and this seizure is subject to constitutional
constraints. Police can initiate an investigatory stop when they
have reasonable suspicion of a [Vehicle Code] violation.
Neither the federal nor the state constitution prevents
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police from stopping and questioning motorists when [the
police] witness or suspect a violation of traffic laws, even
if it is a minor offense.
Commonwealth v. Muhammed, 992 A.2d 897, 900 (Pa. Super. 2010)
(citations and some quotation marks omitted) (emphasis added).
[T]o establish grounds for reasonable
suspicion, the officer must articulate specific
observations which, in conjunction with reasonable
inferences derived from those observations, led him
reasonably to conclude, in light of his experience,
that criminal activity was afoot and that the person
he stopped was involved in that activity. The
question of whether reasonable suspicion existed at
the time [the officer conducted the stop] must be
answered by examining the totality of the
circumstances to determine whether the officer who
initiated the stop had a particularized and objective
basis for suspecting the individual stopped.
Therefore, the fundamental inquiry of a reviewing
court must be an objective one, namely, whether the
facts available to the officer at the moment of the
[stop] warrant a [person] of reasonable caution in
the belief that the action taken was appropriate.
. . . While an actual violation need not be
established, a reasonable basis for the officer’s
belief is required to validate the stop.
Commonwealth v. Postie, 110 A.3d 1034, 1039-40 (Pa. Super. 2015)
(citation and quotation marks omitted; emphasis original). “Indeed, even
stops based on factual mistakes generally are constitutional if the mistake is
objectively reasonable.” Muhammed, supra at 901 (citation omitted).
Furthermore, the United States Supreme Court has recently held that
a police officer’s reasonable mistake of law can give rise to reasonable
suspicion justifying a traffic stop under the Fourth Amendment. See Heien
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v. North Carolina, 135 S.Ct. 530, 534 (2014) (holding traffic stop lawful
where officer’s mistake about brake-light law was reasonable).
Here, at the suppression hearing, Trooper Dively testified that he
observed Appellant’s vehicle “come up on a three-way intersection and fail[]
to stop at the posted [extra-large thirty-six inch] stop sign there.” (N.T.
Suppression Hearing, 12/18/13, at 11; see id. at 22; Trial Ct. Op., 5/08/14,
at 2). He stated that the stop sign was posted conspicuously on the left-
hand side of the road, and that Appellant was “driving directly towards the
left posted stop sign.” (N.T. Suppression Hearing, 12/18/13, at 11; see id.
at 15). The trooper further testified that, to his knowledge, Appellant’s
failure to stop at the sign was a violation of the Vehicle Code. (See id. at
11); see also 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3323(b).
Based on the foregoing, we agree with the trial court that Trooper
Dively articulated the requisite reasonable suspicion to stop Appellant. (See
Trial Ct. Op., 2/02/15, at 2); see also 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 6308(b); Postie,
supra at 1039-40. Appellant’s argument premised on incorrect stop sign
placement fails because “an actual [Vehicle Code] violation need not be
established[.]” Postie, supra at 1040 (emphasis omitted). Therefore, we
conclude that the court properly denied Appellant’s motion to suppress
evidence. See Leonard, supra at 396; see also Muhammed, supra at
902-03 (determining police officer had reasonable suspicion of Vehicle Code
violation when he stopped appellant; therefore, trial court properly denied
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suppression motion). Accordingly, we affirm Appellant’s judgment of
sentence.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 7/6/2015
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Com. v. Arkins, J.
Combined Opinion