Supreme Court of Florida
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No. SC13-1550
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DELMER SMITH,
Appellant,
vs.
STATE OF FLORIDA,
Appellee.
[July 9, 2015]
PER CURIAM.
Delmer Smith, who was thirty-eight years old at the time of the crime, was
convicted of the August 3, 2009, first-degree murder of Kathleen Briles, which
occurred during a home invasion and robbery. In this proceeding, Smith appeals
his conviction and the sentence of death that the trial court imposed for this
murder. We have jurisdiction. See art. V, § 3(b)(1), Fla. Const. For the reasons
that follow, we affirm Smith’s conviction for first-degree murder and his sentence
of death.
FACTS
On the afternoon of August 3, 2009, Kathleen Briles was accosted outside of
her home in Manatee County, after returning from grocery shopping. Briles was
then dragged inside her home, where she was bound, gagged, and beaten to death
with her own antique twenty-three-pound cast iron sewing machine. Numerous
items were stolen from the home.
The victim’s husband, Dr. James Briles, returned home at about 7:30 p.m.,
after completing his rounds at the hospital, and found his deceased wife. When he
first arrived, he noticed that his wife’s car was not parked in its usual spot closest
to their home and that all of the lights inside the home were off. After turning on
the lights, he saw his wife lying facedown on the floor in front of the love seat, her
ankles and hands bound with duct tape. The victim had a duct tape gag around her
mouth, and she was lying in a pool of blood. Her left jaw and head were
deformed, and the antique cast iron sewing machine was on the ground behind her
head.
According to Dr. Briles, it appeared as if somebody had gone through their
belongings and had closed the window blinds, which were usually open. The
furniture was moved around, drawers and doors had been opened, and even their
outdoor shed had been breached. Approximately $30,000-$40,000 worth of
jewelry was missing, including the victim’s wedding band and a diamond baguette
necklace that Dr. Briles had purchased for his wife years before. Further, while the
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victim had been seen wearing a watch earlier that day, she was not wearing a
watch when she was discovered. Dr. Briles identified many unique items that were
missing from the house, including a rare set of nickels a patient had given him, an
old medical encyclopedia that the victim purchased at a yard sale, and a pewter
Minnie Mouse keychain produced by Hudson Creek—a company that went out of
business years ago.
The victim’s purse was found on the front seat of her car, along with a
Publix supermarket receipt that indicated the victim had purchased groceries that
afternoon. Her groceries, which included frozen and refrigerated items, were still
in the trunk of her car. Video surveillance from the Publix store showed the victim
leaving the store with a cart full of groceries at 3:36 p.m. that afternoon and her car
leaving the parking lot a couple of minutes later. Her house was located only
minutes away from the store.
Dr. Wilson Broussard, the medical examiner, performed an autopsy on the
victim, which established that she was killed between noon and 8:00 p.m. on
August 3. She was bound with duct tape before she was killed and had sustained
numerous blows to the back of her head that were consistent with being hit by the
antique sewing machine. In particular, she had sustained a significant blow
consisting of a single impact on one part of her head, in addition to a minimum of
four to five blows to the right side of her head and another four to five blows to
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another portion of her head. In fact, the victim’s skull was so damaged by these
blows that brain matter was visible. Further, she had an eyebrow injury and a
fractured jaw that could have been caused indirectly when blows to the back of her
head caused the front of her head to impact the floor.
In addition to the injuries to her head, the victim had a few abrasions around
her shoulders, a bruised elbow that could have been caused by a direct blow or
rolling on top of her elbows, and a lacerated liver that was likely caused by a kick
or blow to her abdomen. Dr. Broussard testified that based on his review of the
victim and the crime scene, the victim was lying facedown on the floor while she
was hit multiple times with the sewing machine. The blows caused numerous
lacerations to her scalp, resulting in a large volume of blood found at the crime
scene. Dr. Broussard believed that most of the injuries occurred while the victim
was alive. However, he was unable to determine how long the victim remained
conscious after the first blow to her head. Richard Talbot, the crime scene unit
manager with the Manatee County Sheriff’s Office, also testified that the blood
stains found at the crime scene were consistent with the victim being close to the
ground when she was struck.
On the day after the murder, Smith picked up a friend, James Cellecz, in his
Chevy Blazer, and the two ran some errands together. Afterwards, they stopped at
Pawn Stars, a pawn shop. Smith told Cellecz that he wanted to pawn some jewelry
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he had purchased from a friend but had forgotten his identification, so Smith asked
Cellecz if Cellecz could pawn the items for him. One of the items was the
diamond baguette necklace that was later identified as belonging to the victim.
Cellecz agreed to pawn the items, and they both went into the store together.
Cellecz obtained Smith’s permission to accept the price he was offered by the
pawn store clerk for the necklace. During this trip, Cellecz noticed that Smith had
a medical encyclopedia on the floor of his vehicle, which Cellecz thought was odd
because Smith did not have any knowledge of medicine.
At trial, Cellecz testified that Smith usually carried a black backpack that
contained a ski mask, gloves, and a roll of gray duct tape in it. Cellecz expressly
denied breaking into the Briles’s home and killing the victim. He further denied
collaborating with anybody to frame Smith for the crime.
Smith was arrested on February 11, 2010. Following his arrest, he called
Martha Tejeda on multiple occasions, asking her to pick up two duffle bags that
were in storage. Tejeda went to the storage shed and retrieved some of Smith’s
belongings, including a red duffle bag that Smith requested. Before she hid the
bag in her attic, she noticed that there was a lock box inside the bag. She also
retrieved Smith’s vehicle. When the police arrived at her home, she gave them
Smith’s vehicle, and the next day, she gave them the duffle bag. Inside the bag
was a lock box that contained a coin collection in a plastic container, a Minnie
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Mouse keychain, a gold-colored lock, and a watch—all items that had been stolen
from the Briles’s home.
At trial, Dr. Briles identified the items from the duffle bag, including the
unique coin collection and the uncommon pewter Minnie Mouse keychain, even
producing a receipt for the keychain. Attached to the Minnie Mouse keychain
were keys to a vehicle that Smith owned. The medical encyclopedia was also
recovered, and a fingerprint within the book was matched to Smith. None of the
prints within the book matched the Briles or Cellecz. Both Dr. Briles and his son,
Dr. Calvin Briles, identified the medical encyclopedia found with Smith’s
belongings as the one that the Briles had owned.
Michelle Quinones was Smith’s girlfriend, and they lived together at the
time of the crime. At some point, Smith gave Quinones a set of his vehicle’s keys,
which were on a Minnie Mouse keychain. Smith also showed Quinones a his-and-
her watch set, and she put one of the watches in her jewelry box. Smith moved out
in August 2009 and took many of his possessions with him, including a backpack
that contained a black hoodie, a black ski mask, screwdrivers, and pliers.
Quinones later placed the watch that Smith gave her in a trash bag and called the
police to come and pick it up, which an officer did. At trial, she identified the
watch that Smith gave her.
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The State presented evidence to establish that on 3:44 p.m. on the day of the
murder, Smith’s cell phone was at a location close to where the murder took
place—a fact that was established when Smith’s cell phone received a call that
went unanswered and records indicated that his cell phone used a cell tower that
was 1.24 miles away from the victim’s home. This timing was particularly striking
because the victim had left Publix at 3:38 p.m. and lived only a few minutes away
from the store. Cell phone records further demonstrated that both before and after
this time, Smith’s cell phone was located close to where Smith lived in Sarasota
County. The State also called numerous people who had called Smith’s cell phone
number or had received a phone call from Smith’s cell phone number on the day of
the murder. While none of the witnesses could recall specific telephone calls they
made on August 3, nobody reported receiving a call from Smith’s number from a
person other than Smith. Similarly, nobody recalled calling Smith and having
anyone other than Smith answer the call.
Finally, the State presented evidence demonstrating that, after both Smith
and Cellecz were in jail, Smith met another inmate, Joshua Hull, and learned that
Hull was housed near Cellecz and knew him. Smith asked Hull to pass along a
message to Cellecz that Smith had “something for his ass” and that he knew where
Cellecz’s wife and child were and had “something for them,” as well. When
questioned why Smith was asking Hull to pass along the messages, Hull testified
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that Smith was upset at Cellecz because Smith had given Cellecz some “jewelry
and stuff” to pawn and Cellecz was “snitching” on Smith.
The jury convicted Smith of first-degree murder.
At the penalty phase, the State presented evidence that Smith had prior
violent felony convictions (a 1991 state robbery conviction and 1995 federal
convictions for armed bank robbery and carrying a firearm during a crime of
violence). The State then established that Smith was on felony probation at the
time of the murder based on his 1995 federal convictions. Further, the State
presented evidence that on March 14, 2009, Smith committed a home invasion in
Sarasota where he entered the home of a different victim at approximately 10 p.m.,
wearing a mask and gloves, and threatened to kill the victim. After he forced her
through the house in a search for valuables to steal, Smith bound her hands behind
her back, bound her ankles, and wrapped the binding around her neck so she would
strangle herself if she moved her legs. The State also presented victim impact
statements from two of the victim’s family members: Diane Brinker (the victim’s
sister) and Dr. James Briles (the victim’s husband).
Smith presented testimony from two of his nieces, who are close to Smith
and testified how Smith provided guidance and helped them. Smith also presented
testimony from a psychologist, Dr. Hyman Eisenstein. Dr. Eisenstein reviewed
Smith’s background and various records and testified about Smith’s dismal
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progress in school, including the fact that he repeated grades so often in elementary
school that he was fourteen years old when he was in the fifth grade and was then
promoted to the ninth grade for special education. A report indicated that, during
his childhood, Smith had been physically and emotionally abused by both of his
parents and suffered sexual abuse by his father.
Dr. Eisenstein noted that Smith was in a motorcycle crash that caused some
head trauma. Dr. Eisenstein opined that Smith has attention deficient disorder
(hyperactivity), academic failure, and unequivocal brain damage. While Dr.
Eisenstein recognized that Smith could have met the definition of antisocial
personality disorder, he believed Smith had intermittent explosive disorder instead.
Further, Dr. Eisenstein testified that Smith’s decision-making ability was
profoundly impaired and his judgment, reasoning, executive functioning, and
higher critical processing of information were three to four standard deviations
below the norm. Dr. Eisenstein stressed that Smith had excellent behavior in
prison—a controlled environment where self-control is not as necessary. Dr.
Eisenstein concluded that Smith committed the murder while under the influence
of an extreme mental or emotional disturbance and that Smith’s ability to
appreciate the criminality of his conduct or conform to the requirements of law was
impaired.
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In rebuttal, the State called Dr. Wade Myers, a medical doctor and professor
in the psychiatry department at Brown University. Dr. Myers reviewed Smith’s
records and Dr. Eisenstein’s report, including the raw data underlying that report.
Dr. Myers disagreed that Smith had impulse problems, noting that Smith did not
have any records of being in fights while he was in prison and that Smith exercised
self-control during the prior Sarasota home invasion. However, Dr. Myers
diagnosed Smith with antisocial personality disorder.
The jury unanimously recommended that Smith be sentenced to death. The
trial court conducted a Spencer1 hearing, during which Smith presented the
testimony of Dr. Ruben Gur, a psychologist who specialized in neuroimaging. Dr.
Gur reviewed Smith’s MRI and asserted that Smith’s brain had tissue loss and
opined that Smith had brain damage on the right side and in the orbital frontal area
of his brain. In reviewing Smith’s PET scan, Dr. Gur testified that some areas
showed hyper-metabolism, which can cause brain damage because toxic chemicals
are released, while other portions of Smith’s brain showed decreased metabolism.
These abnormalities would cause deficits in the ability to experience normal
emotions and affect his self-control. Dr. Gur concluded that based on these issues,
1. Spencer v. State, 615 So. 2d 688 (Fla. 1993).
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Smith’s “thinking brain” was hyperactive at the resting state and that if Smith felt
threatened, his “thinking brain [would] become deactivated.”
Smith also recalled Dr. Eisenstein, who reaffirmed his conclusion that Smith
has brain damage. He also stated that Smith had a “very primitive amygdala melt-
down response,” which hindered his ability to modulate emotional responses and
respond appropriately in high stress situations, including the ability to walk away
from difficult situations.
The State then called Dr. Helen Mayberg, a board certified neurologist with
a strong background in neuroimaging. Dr. Mayberg disagreed that a PET scan
could be used as a “general screening test,” testifying that a PET scan can be
influenced by the level of anxiety present at the time of testing and noting that
Smith had complained of anxiety shortly before the testing. Dr. Mayberg further
emphasized that she was unaware of any medical professional who used Dr. Gur’s
method of analysis to reach a medical diagnosis. According to Dr. Mayberg,
Smith’s PET scan was “very normal looking” and showed no areas of brain
damage. She further disagreed that Smith had a demonstrated impulse control
problem, testifying that brain damage to the frontal lobe affects all aspects of a
person’s life, as opposed to the very narrow circumstances present in Smith’s
record.
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After considering the evidence presented during the penalty phase and the
Spencer hearing, the trial court found that the aggravating circumstances
“overwhelme[d]” the mitigating factors. The trial court found that five aggravating
circumstances applied and assigned each the following weight: (1) Smith was on
felony probation (moderate weight even though the murder occurred less than a
year from the date of Smith’s release from prison); (2) Smith had prior violent
felony convictions (great weight as to the 1991 state robbery conviction and the
1995 federal armed bank robbery convictions and noting that the court would also
assign great weight to the Sarasota home invasion armed robbery conviction if that
conviction was upheld on appeal2); (3) the murder was committed in the course of
a burglary (moderate weight); (4) the murder was committed for pecuniary gain
(no weight because it merged with the committed-in-the-course-of-a-burglary
aggravator); and (5) the murder was especially heinous, atrocious, or cruel (HAC)
(great weight).
The trial court, however, rejected both of Smith’s proposed statutory
mitigators: (1) Smith committed the murder while under the influence of an
extreme mental or emotional disturbance; and (2) Smith’s capacity to appreciate
2. The Sarasota home invasion armed robbery conviction has since been
upheld on appeal. See Smith v. State, 147 So. 3d 997 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014) (table
decision).
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the criminality of his conduct or conform his conduct to the requirements of law
was substantially impaired. In making this finding, the trial court recognized that
the State’s expert witness testimony “conflicted radically” with the defendant’s
expert witness testimony and found the State witnesses to be “more persuasive and
convincing.” The trial court did find that five nonstatutory mitigating factors
applied and assigned each the following weight: (1) intermittent explosive disorder
(moderate weight); (2) loving relationship with nieces (little weight); (3) physical,
emotional, and sexual abuse as a child (little weight); (4) acute academic failure
and attention deficit disorder (significant weight); and (5) good conduct while in
custody (moderate weight).
Based on these findings, and in accordance with the jury’s unanimous
recommendation, the trial court sentenced Smith to death. This direct appeal
follows.
ANALYSIS
Smith asserts that he is entitled to relief because: (1) the trial court erred in
denying his motion for judgment of acquittal; (2) the trial court erred in denying a
motion for mistrial; (3) the trial court erred in permitting inmate Hull to testify as
to the threat that Smith made to a witness, Cellecz, through Hull; (4) the trial court
erred in denying a continuance; (5) the trial court erred in finding HAC; (6) the
trial court erred in rejecting the two proposed statutory mitigators; and (7)
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Florida’s death penalty scheme is unconstitutional. We address each of these
claims in turn, and in addition, we review whether the sentence of death is
proportional in this case.
I. Denial of Motion for Judgment of Acquittal
In his first challenge, Smith asserts that the trial court erred in denying his
motion for judgment of acquittal because the State presented insufficient evidence
to establish his guilt. “A trial court should not grant a motion for judgment of
acquittal ‘unless there is no view of the evidence which the jury might take
favorable to the opposite party that can be sustained under the law.’ ” Jackson v.
State, 25 So. 3d 518, 531 (Fla. 2009) (quoting Coday v. State, 946 So. 2d 988, 996
(Fla. 2006)). “In reviewing the denial of a motion for judgment of acquittal,
appellate courts apply a de novo standard of review and do not reverse a conviction
where the conviction is supported by competent, substantial evidence.” Id. “In
determining the sufficiency of the evidence, the question is whether, after viewing
the evidence in the light most favorable to the State, a rational trier of fact could
have found the existence of the elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.”
Simmons v. State, 934 So. 2d 1100, 1111 (Fla. 2006) (quoting Bradley v. State,
787 So. 2d 732, 738 (Fla. 2001)).
As the conviction in this case is based wholly upon circumstantial evidence,
a special standard of review applies. “Where the only proof of guilt is
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circumstantial, no matter how strongly the evidence may suggest guilt, a
conviction cannot be sustained unless the evidence is inconsistent with any
reasonable hypothesis of innocence.” Gosciminski v. State, 132 So. 3d 678, 710
(Fla. 2013) (quoting State v. Law, 559 So. 2d 187 (Fla. 1989)), cert. denied, 135 S.
Ct. 57 (2014). The State need not “ ‘rebut conclusively every possible variation’
of events which could be inferred from the evidence, but only to introduce
competent evidence which is inconsistent with the defendant’s theory of events.”
Id. (quoting Law, 559 So. 2d at 189). Once this requirement is met, “it becomes
the jury’s duty to determine whether the evidence is sufficient to exclude every
reasonable hypothesis of innocence beyond a reasonable doubt.” Id. Appellate
courts will sustain a conviction based solely on circumstantial evidence so long as
the evidence is “(1) ‘consistent with the defendant’s guilt’ and (2) ‘inconsistent
with any reasonable hypothesis of innocence.’ ” Delgado v. State, 948 So. 2d 681,
689-90 (Fla. 2006) (quoting Orme v. State, 677 So. 2d 258, 261 & n.1 (Fla. 1996)).
We conclude that the record contains competent, substantial evidence to
support Smith’s conviction for the first-degree murder of Kathleen Briles and that
the trial court did not err in denying the motion for judgment of acquittal. Smith
asserts that he is innocent of the crime and that either Cellecz or somebody else
committed the murder. However, the State presented evidence that contradicted
Smith’s hypothesis of innocence. Specifically, the State presented evidence to
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establish that on the day after the murder, Smith possessed a medical encyclopedia,
which was seen on the floorboard of his vehicle. This book was later found with
Smith’s possessions and had one of his fingerprints in it. The Briles were able to
positively identify the book based on specific characteristics, including the location
of a crease in the cover, and identified pictures of the book in their house before
the murder, which permitted the jury to compare the book in the Briles’s home
with the book found among Smith’s possessions. Moreover, the day after the
murder, Cellecz testified that Smith asked him to pawn the victim’s necklace,
claiming he bought it from a friend. Cellecz pawned the necklace, and the victim’s
husband later positively identified it as belonging to the victim based on unique
flaws in the necklace.
Further, testimony was presented that Smith was in possession of other items
stolen from the home. After Smith was arrested, he called a friend and asked her
to remove several bags from his storage facility, which she did, but subsequently
turned these items over to the police. One of the bags contained numerous items
that had been stolen at the time of the crime, including a special set of coins and
the Minnie Mouse keychain, which was connected to the keys for a vehicle that
Smith owned. Each of these items was unique and specifically identified by Dr.
Briles, the victim’s husband.
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Regarding the timing of the murder and Smith’s whereabouts, the evidence
established that the victim left Publix with frozen groceries in her trunk on
August 3 at 3:38 p.m. and never removed the groceries. At 3:44 p.m. on the same
day, Smith’s cell phone received a call that he never answered. The call was
relayed through a cell tower that was approximately a mile from the victim’s home
in Terra Ceia, a town in Manatee County. However, calls received prior to and
after that time were relayed though cell towers in Sarasota County, close to where
Smith lived.
Smith’s theory of defense was that either Cellecz or another person had
killed the victim. To rebut this theory, the State called Cellecz, who testified that
he did not break into the victim’s home, but that he had received the stolen items
he later pawned from Smith the day following the murder. Further, Hull testified
that Smith was upset with Cellecz because Smith had given Cellecz some jewelry
to pawn and Cellecz “snitched” on Smith. While Smith disputes the weight and
credibility of this evidence, it nevertheless constitutes competent evidence that is
inconsistent with Smith’s theory of events and it was up to the jury to resolve these
inconsistencies. In addition, the State’s evidence that Smith provided the victim’s
necklace to Cellecz to pawn the day after the murder, as well as evidence that
Smith gave his girlfriend a unique Minnie Mouse keychain that had belonged to
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the victim, likewise constitutes competent evidence that is inconsistent with
Smith’s theory of events.
In reviewing all the evidence presented in the light most favorable to the
State, as well as Smith’s hypothesis of innocence, we conclude that competent,
substantial evidence supports the jury’s finding of guilt and is inconsistent with
any reasonable hypothesis of innocence. Accordingly, we conclude that the trial
court did not err in denying the motion for judgment of acquittal.
II. Denial of Motion for Mistrial
Smith next contends that the trial court erred in denying his motion for
mistrial after a witness revealed another investigation that was occurring in a
different jurisdiction. Specifically, Smith objected to the following testimony from
Detective Linda Deniro, a police officer with the City of Sarasota, who participated
in an investigation involving Smith:
Q. As part of that investigation did you speak to someone
named Michele Quinones?
A. I did.
Q. And did she give you some of the defendant’s property?
A. Yes, she did.
Q. How did that exchange come about?
A. Regarding my investigation that I was doing for the City of
Sarasota—
Q. Well let me stop you there. What I meant was, did she call
you, did you call her, how did she give you the property?
A. Oh, I called her, we talked, and she said she had some
property she would like to turn over to the Sarasota Police
Department. At that time I—
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At that point, defense counsel objected and moved for a mistrial on the basis that
the detective referred to an investigation for the City of Sarasota in an unrelated
case. The trial court denied the motion, stating:
It was a very poor choice of words by the detective. After 23
years in the force, she should have known better than to talk like that.
I believe her exact words, we can look it up, but I believe her exact
words was the investigation I was doing for the City of Sarasota.
“Regarding my investigation that I was doing for the City of Sarasota”
is exactly what she said.
All right, in light of the fact that investigations were being
conducted in multiple cities, and by multiple agencies, I don’t think
the jury would draw the inference that there was a separate
investigation that this officer was working on behalf of the City of
Sarasota for. While that is certainly a possible inference that could be
drawn, in the context of this case I don’t find that it rises to the level
that would require a mistrial. Motion is denied.
The trial court should grant a motion for mistrial only “when an error is so
prejudicial as to vitiate the entire trial.” Jackson, 25 So. 3d at 528 (quoting Salazar
v. State, 991 So. 2d 364, 372 (Fla. 2008)). “[T]his Court reviews a trial court’s
ruling on a motion for mistrial under an abuse of discretion standard.” Id. (quoting
Salazar, 991 So. 2d at 371).
Although Smith alleges that Detective Deniro informed the jury that Smith
was being investigated for other crimes, we disagree that this marginal reference to
an investigation for the City of Sarasota informed the jury about other crimes.
Detective Deniro referenced only “an investigation” she was performing for the
City of Sarasota. At that point, the prosecutor immediately stopped her and
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redirected the question, asking Detective Deniro how she received property from
Michele Quinones. In response, Detective Deniro stated that she had called
Quinones and Quinones said that she had property that she wanted to turn over to
the Sarasota Police Department.
While the trial court acknowledged that it was a “very poor choice of
words,” the trial court also observed that it did not believe that the “jury would
draw the inference that there was a separate investigation.” If, for some reason
from this passing reference, the jury would have concluded there was a separate
investigation, nothing within the detective’s statement informed the jury about the
nature of any investigation or implied that Smith was the focus of the investigation.
The State stopped the witness, and there was no further mention by the State or any
other witnesses of multiple investigations.
We conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying the
motion for mistrial on the basis of this isolated reference. Accordingly, we deny
this claim.
III. Objections to Hull’s Testimony
In his third claim, Smith contends that the trial court erred in overruling his
objections to testimony from Hull concerning threats that Smith asked Hull to relay
to Cellecz. “This Court reviews evidentiary rulings for abuse of discretion.”
Gregory v. State, 118 So. 3d 770, 780 (Fla. 2013). However, “[a] judge’s
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discretion is limited by the rules of evidence and by the principles of stare decisis.”
Id. (quoting Johnson v. State, 969 So. 2d 938, 949 (Fla. 2007) (citation omitted)).
At trial, the trial court permitted the State to present Hull as a witness over
defense objection. Hull testified that while he resided at the Manatee County Jail,
he met Smith on the transportation bus when they were both returning to the
county jail after a trip to the courthouse. Smith asked Hull where he was housed,
and after learning that Hull was housed in the G2 West Unit, Smith then inquired
whether Hull knew an inmate named James Cellecz. After Hull acknowledged that
he knew Cellecz, Smith told Hull to relay a message to Cellecz that Smith had
“something for his ass.” Smith then said that he knew where Cellecz’s wife and
child were and that he had “something for them.” Hull explained that Smith
wanted him to relay this message to Cellecz because Smith was upset at Cellecz
after Smith had given Cellecz some “jewelry and stuff” to pawn and Cellecz was
“snitching” on Smith.
Smith acknowledges that he presented only two arguments to the trial court:
(1) the evidence was inadmissible because it was evidence pertaining to a
collateral, uncharged crime; and (2) the prejudicial impact outweighed any
probative value. However, Smith now asserts that the statements were too vague
to be considered threats and nothing linked his statements to Hull with the murder.
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We conclude that Smith has failed to properly preserve his objection to the
trial court’s admission of Hull’s testimony. As this Court has held, “in order for an
argument to be cognizable on appeal, it must be the specific contention asserted as
legal ground for the objection, exception, or motion below.” Carmichael v. State,
715 So. 2d 247, 248 (Fla. 1998) (quoting Steinhorst v. State, 412 So. 2d 332, 338
(Fla. 1982)). As Smith failed to present this ground to the trial court, we conclude
that this claim is waived.
Even if this Court were to consider this claim on the merits, however, Smith
has failed to show that the trial court abused its discretion in admitting the
evidence. This Court has long recognized that “a defendant’s attempt to intimidate
a state witness is relevant and admissible.” England v. State, 940 So. 2d 389, 401
(Fla. 2006) (quoting Heath v. State, 648 So. 2d 660, 664 (Fla. 1994)). As this
Court explained, “such evidence is based on consciousness of guilt inferred from
such actions.” Id. In England, the defendant told a witness that if a codefendant
“got me in trouble, I would kill him.” Id. That statement was held admissible. Id.;
see also Anderson v. State, 574 So. 2d 87, 93 (Fla. 1991) (holding that a threat was
relevant and admissible even though the defendant did not link his attempt to kill
the witness to the possibility of the witness testifying in court against him).
In this case, Hull’s testimony was relevant because it established that Smith
was attempting to intimidate a State witness—evidence that could support
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consciousness of guilt. Moreover, Hull testified that Smith was upset at Cellecz
because Cellecz was “snitching” on him after Smith gave Cellecz certain jewelry
to pawn—relevant evidence that was also in dispute. While Smith asserts that the
evidence was vague and unreliable, this goes to the weight that a jury might assign
to such evidence and not to its admissibility. We thus reject this claim.
IV. Denial of a Continuance
In his next claim, Smith argues that the trial court erred in denying his July
20, 2012, motion for continuance that was based on two factors: (1) defense
counsel sought its own fingerprint expert to test the medical encyclopedia; and (2)
defense counsel was considering calling Alex Ramos, a federal inmate who was
allegedly important to Smith’s claim that the medical encyclopedia was from a
federal prison. As this Court has stated, “[a] court’s ruling on a motion for
continuance will only be reversed when an abuse of discretion is shown.”
Snelgrove v. State, 107 So. 3d 242, 250 (Fla. 2012) (quoting Doorbal v. State, 983
So. 2d 464, 486 (Fla. 2008)). This standard is generally not met “unless the court’s
ruling on the continuance results in undue prejudice to the defendant.” Id. If the
motion for continuance concerns the absence of a witness, “the defendant must
show: (1) prior due diligence to obtain the witness’s presence; (2) substantially
favorable testimony would have been forthcoming; (3) the witness was available
and willing to testify; and (4) the denial of the continuance caused material
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prejudice.” Mosley v. State, 46 So. 3d 510, 525 (Fla. 2009). “While death penalty
cases command our closest scrutiny, it is still the obligation of an appellate court to
review with caution the exercise of experienced discretion by a trial judge in
matters such as a motion for a continuance.” Doorbal, 983 So. 2d at 486 (quoting
Hernandez-Alberto v. State, 889 So. 2d 721, 730 (Fla. 2004)).
In this case, defense counsel was appointed approximately twenty months
prior to trial. Nearly six weeks before trial, defense counsel filed a motion to
compel fingerprinting, asking the trial court to compel the State to inspect each
page of the medical encyclopedia for fingerprints and alleging a good faith belief
that this would produce exculpatory evidence by comparing any fingerprints found
to known fingerprints in the federal fingerprinting database. The trial court granted
this motion.
On the eve of trial, defense counsel attempted to continue the case, after two
continuances were previously granted. Initially, defense counsel asserted that this
late request was necessary based on new cell phone records and witnesses recently
disclosed by the State. The State clarified that the information it would be
presenting at trial was not new evidence that was recently disclosed and explained
that the State would be inquiring only whether the witnesses knew if a person other
than Smith used Smith’s cell phone on the day of the murder. At that point,
defense counsel changed the underlying basis of the motion to continue, asserting
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that the defense should be able to obtain its own fingerprint expert. The trial court
denied the motion, finding that the request seemed to be “simply a delay tactic.”
The trial court also noted that to the extent defense counsel made a vague
suggestion requesting its own fingerprint expert, such a motion was never reduced
to writing.
Defense counsel subsequently amended his motion to continue, specifically
requesting a fingerprint expert. When the trial court questioned the necessity of
that request, defense counsel again attempted to modify the basis for the request
for a continuance, suggesting that the defense needed time to secure Alex Ramos
as a witness. Defense counsel, however, never proffered what testimony Ramos
would have provided. Apparently, Ramos was previously in federal prison with
Smith and presumably would have testified that the medical encyclopedia was
obtained from the federal prison. But Smith has never pointed to any identifying
information on the medical encyclopedia to support that it was the property of the
federal prison, while the medical encyclopedia was positively identified by the
victim’s husband and son as belonging to the Briles. Further, the first time the
medical encyclopedia was seen in Smith’s possession was the day after the murder.
Based on this record, we hold that Smith has failed to show any abuse of
discretion in the denial of the motion to continue or any specific prejudice as a
result. As it pertains to the medical encyclopedia, based on a specific request from
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Smith’s attorney, the fingerprint expert retained by the State reviewed every page
within the book for fingerprints and Smith fails to allege how another examination
of the book would have assisted his defense. Defense counsel’s only objection is
the fact that the State’s expert was unable to match the fingerprints to any
exculpatory evidence and thus Smith wanted to hire his own expert in order to
determine whether a different expert could obtain a different result. For all these
reasons, we conclude that no abuse of discretion has been shown and reject this
claim of error.
V. Finding of HAC
Smith’s first claim of penalty-phase error consists of a challenge to the trial
court’s finding that the HAC aggravator applies. The State bears the burden to
prove each aggravating circumstance beyond a reasonable doubt. Williams v.
State, 37 So. 3d 187, 194-95 (Fla. 2010). “When reviewing a trial court’s finding
of an aggravator, ‘it is not this Court’s function to reweigh the evidence to
determine whether the State proved each aggravating circumstance beyond a
reasonable doubt—that is the trial court’s job.’ ” Williams, 37 So. 3d at 195
(quoting Aguirre-Jarquin v. State, 9 So. 3d 593, 608 (Fla. 2009)). Rather, on
appeal, this Court must “review the record to determine whether the trial court
applied the right rule of law for each aggravating circumstance and, if so, whether
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competent substantial evidence supports its finding.” Id. (quoting Aguirre-Jarquin,
9 So. 3d at 608).
This Court has defined the HAC aggravator as follows:
It is our interpretation that heinous means extremely wicked or
shockingly evil; that atrocious means outrageously wicked and vile;
and, that cruel means designed to inflict a high degree of pain with
utter indifference to, or even enjoyment of, the suffering of others.
What is intended to be included are those capital crimes where the
actual commission of the capital felony was accompanied by such
additional acts as to set the crime apart from the norm of capital
felonies—the conscienceless or pitiless crime which is unnecessarily
torturous to the victim.
Hernandez v. State, 4 So. 3d 642, 668-69 (Fla. 2009) (quoting State v. Dixon, 283
So. 2d 1, 9 (Fla. 1973)). While this Court has upheld HAC in beating deaths such
as this case, “the evidence must show that the victim was conscious and aware of
impending death.” Douglas v. State, 878 So. 2d 1246, 1261 (Fla. 2004); see also
Zakrzewski v. State, 717 So. 2d 488, 493 (Fla. 1998) (holding that it was error for
the trial court to find HAC because “[m]edical testimony was offered during the
trial which established that [the victim] may have been rendered unconscious upon
receiving the first blow from the crowbar, and as a result, she was unaware of her
impending death”).
In this case, the trial court found HAC based on the following analysis:
The Court will begin its analysis by focusing on the experience
of Ms. Briles. Arriving home from a routine visit to the grocery store
the five-foot-three-inch, 142 pound housewife was accosted and
incapacitated in her own home by the five-foot-eleven-inch, 260-
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pound intruder Delmer Smith. Upon examination, the medical
examiner found three areas of binding: around her neck and throat
with duct tape, hands duct taped together and bound behind her back,
and her legs around the ankles also bound. The medical examiner
opined this took place while she was alive. Contusions found on the
victim’s body were attributed to blunt trauma, most likely received by
blows or kicks. The most significant nonlethal blow received by Ms.
Briles was a fracture to the jaw bilaterally. The medical examiner
concluded this was most likely caused by her head hitting the floor or
some other blunt object striking the jaw directly. Displacement of
furniture about the house evidenced at least some futile resistance put
up by Ms. Briles.
Before addressing the manner by which death was inflicted, the
Court notes that a significant abdominal injury was suffered by Ms.
Briles. Ms. Briles’ liver suffered a 5-6 centimeter laceration spanning
the two lobes of the liver. The liver injury was inflicted while Ms.
Briles was still alive as established by the presence of 500 milliliters
of unclotted blood in the abdomen. Since no external injury
corresponded to the internal injury, the medical examiner concluded
that blunt trauma (a kick or knee to the abdomen) caused this injury,
which would have been fatal without medical attention.
As for the mechanism by which death actually resulted, the
[medical] examiner concluded that multiple blows to Ms. Briles’ head
with a 23-pound metal antique sewing machine created numerous
skull fractures which compressed the bone into the brain causing
massive hemorrhage and, ultimately, death.
From this outline of the sequalae leading to Ms. Briles’ death, it
takes little effort to imagine the fear, terror, anxiety, and hopelessness
that the victim experienced in the minutes before she died. From the
evidence, we also know that the antique sewing machine used as the
instrument of death was obtained by the defendant from a closet in
which it was stored. Transporting it from that location, the Defendant
(having previously subjected Ms. Briles to excruciating pain and
discomfort) brought the instrument down with great force on Ms.
Briles’ skull. From an objective standpoint, it is evident that this
murder was shockingly evil and outrageously wicked, conscienceless,
and pitiless.
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Smith urges this Court to reject these findings, resting his argument
primarily on two factors. First, he relies on the medical examiner’s testimony that
the victim was lying facedown on her stomach when she was beaten to death,
concluding that this means the victim did not see Smith strike her with the sewing
machine. Second, he contends that the first blow to the victim’s head could have
rendered the victim immediately unconscious.
Upon a review of the record, we conclude that competent, substantial
evidence supports the trial court’s findings. The testimony from trial, as recounted
by the trial court in its sentencing order, supports the trial court’s conclusion that
the crime began when the victim was “accosted” outside of her home and then
“incapacitated in her own home.” She was bound with duct tape with “her hands
. . . together and bound behind her back, and her legs around the ankles also
bound.” Duct tape also covered her mouth so that not only was she rendered
completely helpless but she could not cry out. As she was not blindfolded, she was
able to see the events transpire around her.
After conducting an autopsy, Dr. Broussard concluded that the victim
sustained numerous injuries that were in addition to the fatal injuries caused by the
significant blows to the back of the victim’s head. Many of the victim’s injuries
could not have occurred while she was lying facedown. Specifically, the victim
sustained a bruised elbow, even though her arms were bound behind her back.
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Further, her lacerated liver was caused by a serious kick or blow to the abdomen—
additional indication of the suffering the victim endured while bound and aware of
her impending death. The injury to the victim’s liver caused significant bleeding—
500 milliliters of blood. This evidence established that the injury occurred long
enough before her death to permit this significant amount of blood to accumulate
and that the injury did not occur after the fatal blows to the head.
After causing a serious injury to the victim’s abdomen while she was
helpless and confined, Smith then used his weapon of choice—a sewing machine
from another room—to brutally beat the victim to death. Accordingly, all of these
facts provide competent, substantial evidence to support the trial court’s finding of
HAC.
However, even if this aggravator were struck, any error in finding HAC
would be harmless beyond a reasonable doubt as it would not have affected the
trial court’s weighing process in light of the other four significant aggravators that
apply to the murder. See, e.g., Cole v. State, 36 So. 3d 597, 610 (Fla. 2010)
(holding that in light of the remaining aggravators, the erroneous consideration of
HAC did not prejudicially affect the weighing process); Watts v. State, 593 So. 2d
198, 204 (Fla. 1992). We therefore deny relief as to this claim.
VI. Rejection of Two Statutory Mitigators
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In Smith’s next penalty-phase claim, he asserts that the trial court erred in
rejecting two statutory mitigators: (1) Smith committed the capital felony while he
was under the influence of an extreme mental or emotional disturbance; and (2)
Smith’s ability to appreciate the criminality of his conduct or to conform his
conduct to the requirements of law was substantially impaired.
When a trial court is considering whether a mitigating circumstance is
established, this Court has described the applicable standard as follows:
Whenever a reasonable quantum of competent, uncontroverted
evidence of mitigation has been presented, the trial court must find
that the mitigating circumstance has been proved. A trial court may
reject a defendant’s claim that a mitigating circumstance has been
proved if the record contains substantial evidence to support the trial
court’s rejection of the mitigating circumstance.
Hoskins v. State, 965 So. 2d 1, 16 (Fla. 2007) (quoting Nelson v. State, 850 So. 2d
514, 529 (Fla. 2003)). However, with respect to expert psychological evaluations,
“expert testimony alone does not require a finding of extreme mental or emotional
disturbance.” Heyne v. State, 88 So. 3d 113, 125 (Fla. 2012) (quoting Foster v.
State, 679 So. 2d 747, 755 (Fla. 1996)). “Instead, the trial court may disregard
expert opinion where it determines that the opinion is unsupported by the facts or
conflicts with other evidence.” Id. “A trial court has broad discretion in
determining the applicability of a particular mitigating circumstance, and this
Court will uphold the trial court’s determination of the applicability of a mitigator
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when supported by competent substantial evidence.” Hoskins, 965 So. 2d at 17
(quoting Philmore v. State, 820 So. 2d 919, 936 (Fla. 2002)).
The trial court’s sentencing order provided the following analysis regarding
its rejection of the statutory mitigation at issue:
1. The capital felony was committed while the defendant was under
the influence of extreme mental or emotional disturbance.
During the penalty stage, the defense called Dr. Hyman
Eisenstein, a licensed psychologist, to testify about defendant’s mental
health. Dr. Eisenstein performed neuropsychological testing and
conducted a clinical interview. After his examination, Dr. Eisenstein
concluded that Mr. Smith has “unequivocal brain damage” and “brain
impairment,” and as a result of these deficits Mr. Smith’s decision-
making ability is profoundly impaired. While Dr. Eisenstein also
suggested Mr. Smith has an Antisocial Personality Disorder, he
believes that “brain pathology” better explains Mr. Smith’s behavior.
Ultimately Dr. Eisenstein testified that Mr. Smith was under the
influence of extreme mental and emotional disturbance and that he
lacked the capacity to appreciate the criminality of his conduct or to
conform his conduct to the requirements of the law.
To bolster the testimony of Dr. Eisenstein, the defense
requested that an MRI and a PET scan be performed. To interpret the
results of these tests the defense asked the court to appoint Dr. Ruben
Gur to analyze the results. . . . At the Spencer hearing, Dr. Gur
testified that the brain testing revealed the existence of frontal lobe
damage which has major behavioral consequences for Mr. Smith, and
Dr. Eisenstein repeated his previous conclusion that Mr. Smith lacks
the ability to control himself in high pressure situations through his
inability to control his “amygdala response.” In fact, Dr. Eisenstein
testified that Mr. Smith was subject to “amygdala meltdown” in
highly stressful situations. Both doctors testified that Mr. Smith’s
brain damage inevitably led to disinhibited behavior; nevertheless,
both doctors conceded that there was no current scientific consensus
on the existence or degree of frontal lobe damage and the
corresponding “disinhibited” behavior one might expect to see.
To rebut the testimony of Eisenstein and Gur, the State called
Dr. Wade Myers to testify at the penalty phase before the jury and Dr.
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Helen Mayberg at the Spencer hearing. In brief, Dr. Myers opined
that Mr. Smith had Antisocial Personality Disorder, and Dr. Mayberg
opined that her review of the MRI and PET scan showed no brain
damage whatsoever.
This brief recitation reflects that the opinion of the experts
conflicted radically. It is the burden of the defendant to establish the
existence of mitigating factors; and it is within the discretion of the
Court to reject a statutory mitigator where the defense expert’s
testimony is rebutted by another expert. Since the Court finds the
testimony of Dr. Myers and Dr. Mayberg more persuasive and
convincing, the defendant failed to meet this burden. Even if frontal
lobe damage exists (which the court does not find to be the case) there
is simply no competent evidence to suggest that on August 3, 2009,
Delmer Smith was under the influence of an extreme mental or
emotional disturbance. All of his behavior on the day of the murder
and the days after appears cold, calculated, rational, and goal-directed.
Based on this evidence, the Court is not reasonably convinced of the
existence of this factor.
2. The capacity of the defendant to appreciate the criminality of his
conduct or to conform his conduct to the requirements of law was
substantially impaired.
For the reasons discussed in the preceding section the Court
finds that the defendant did not meet his burden and this mitigator has
not been proved.
Smith asserts that the trial court erred in failing to find these two statutory
mitigators based on the claim that “Dr. Eisenstein’s opinion was unequivocal and
not refuted by another psychologist trained to interpret the neuropsychological
testing.” Further, Smith criticizes the State’s expert, Dr. Myers, because Dr. Myers
did not perform his own testing for brain damage.
While Smith contends that a trial court cannot reject unrebutted mitigation,
the cases upon which he relies are factually distinguishable because in those cases,
- 33 -
unlike here, the mitigation was, in fact, unrebutted. See Coday v. State, 946 So. 2d
988, 1004-05 (Fla. 2006) (holding that the trial court erred in rejecting the statutory
mitigator because the defendant presented six defense mental health experts who
testified that the defendant was unable to conform his conduct to the requirements
of the law at the time of the murder, particularly as the State did not offer any
expert witnesses to refute such testimony and there was no other rational basis to
reject the testimony); Nibert v. State, 574 So. 2d 1059, 1062 (Fla. 1990) (holding
that the trial court erred in rejecting the statutory mitigators that the defendant
committed the murder while under the influence of an extreme mental or emotional
disturbance and that his capacity to control his behavior was substantially impaired
because (1) the defendant presented an expert who supported those conclusions
with a battery of tests and interviews with family members; (2) the record also
supported those conclusions; and (3) this evidence was not refuted by the State).
In this case, Smith is merely attacking the appropriate weight of the experts’
testimony, and as the trial court recognized, the experts’ opinions varied wildly. In
considering all of the evidence presented, the trial court found that the testimony of
Dr. Myers and Dr. Mayberg was “more persuasive and convincing.” In addition,
the trial court further noted that the evidence did not support that Smith committed
the murder while under the influence of an extreme mental or emotional
disturbance because “[a]ll of his behavior on the day of the murder and the days
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after appears cold, calculated, rational, and goal-directed.” As this Court has held,
“[f]inding or not finding a specific mitigating circumstance applicable is within the
trial court’s domain, and reversal is not warranted simply because an appellant
draws a different conclusion.” Cook v. State, 542 So. 2d 964, 971 (Fla. 1989)
(quoting Stano v. State, 460 So. 2d 890, 894 (Fla. 1984)).
Because the record provides competent, substantial evidence to support the
trial court’s findings and the trial court rejected these mitigators based on
credibility determinations, we reject this claim.
VII. Constitutionality of Florida’s Death Penalty Scheme
In his last claim, Smith contends that his death sentence is unconstitutional
in light of Ring. However, because the trial court found the prior-violent-felony
aggravator and because the jury unanimously recommended the sentence of death,
Ring is not implicated. See Gonzalez, 136 So. 3d at 1168; Crain v. State, 894 So.
2d 59, 78 (Fla. 2004). This claim is therefore without merit and does not implicate
the issues raised in Hurst v. State, 147 So. 3d 435 (Fla. 2014), which the United
States Supreme Court granted certiorari to review. Hurst v. Florida, 135 S. Ct.
1531 (2015).
VIII. Proportionality of Sentence of Death
Although Smith does not raise proportionality on appeal, this Court has an
independent obligation to review the proportionality of a sentence of death,
- 35 -
regardless of whether it is raised by a party. See England v. State, 940 So. 2d 389,
407 (Fla. 2006); see also Fla. R. App. P. 9.142(a)(5). Because the death penalty is
reserved for only those cases where the most aggravating and least mitigating
circumstances exist, this Court must undertake a proportionality review “in order
to determine whether the crime falls within the category of both the most
aggravated and the least mitigated of murders, thereby assuring uniformity in the
application of the sentence.” Anderson v. State, 841 So. 2d 390, 407-08 (Fla.
2003) (citation omitted). In performing this review, this Court considers the
totality of the circumstances and compares the case with other similar capital cases.
Duest v. State, 855 So. 2d 33, 47 (Fla. 2003). This Court does not simply compare
the number of aggravating and mitigating circumstances, but rather performs a
qualitative review of the underlying basis for each aggravator and mitigator. See
McCoy v. State, 132 So. 3d 756, 771 (Fla. 2013), cert. denied, 135 S. Ct. 90
(2014); Urbin v. State, 714 So. 2d 411, 416 (Fla. 1998).
In this case, the jury unanimously recommended that Smith be sentenced to
death. The trial court found five aggravators and assigned each the following
weight: (1) Smith was on felony probation (moderate weight); (2) Smith had prior
violent felony convictions (great weight as to the 1991 state robbery conviction
and the 1995 federal armed bank robbery convictions); (3) the murder was
committed in the course of a burglary (moderate weight); (4) the murder was
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committed for pecuniary gain (merged with the committed-in-the-course-of-a-
burglary aggravator); and (5) the murder was HAC (great weight). Against these
aggravators, the trial court rejected Smith’s proposed statutory mitigation and
found and weighed five nonstatutory mitigating factors: (1) intermittent explosive
disorder (moderate weight); (2) a loving relationship with nieces (little weight); (3)
physical, emotional, and sexual abuse as a child (little weight); (4) acute academic
failure and attention deficit disorder (significant weight); and (5) good conduct
while in custody (moderate weight).
Given the extremely significant aggravation, including Smith’s history of
violent crime and the fact that he was on felony probation at the time of the
murder, together with the facts and circumstances of this crime, we conclude that
death is a proportionate sentence. This is neither the least aggravated nor most
mitigated of death cases. A review of other cases establishes that death is a
proportionate punishment in this case. For example, in King v. State, 130 So. 3d
676, 686-87 (Fla. 2013), cert. denied, 134 S. Ct. 1323 (2014), we held the sentence
of death to be proportionate based on a murder in which the defendant bludgeoned
the victim to death during a burglary. The trial court found two aggravators—
committed during a burglary (merged with pecuniary gain) and HAC—and
weighed those against sixteen nonstatutory mitigators, including the lack of a
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violent history, and determined that death was a proportionate punishment. Id.
Here, instead of a nonviolent criminal history, Smith had a violent criminal history.
We have also considered Banks v. State, 46 So. 3d 989, 1000-01 (Fla. 2010),
where we concluded that the death sentence was proportionate after the defendant
stabbed the victim to death and then took her car. In that case, the trial court found
three aggravators—prior violent felony convictions; HAC; and cold, calculated,
and premeditated—which were weighed against low IQ, brain deficits, antisocial
personality traits, and difficult youth. Id.; see also Gosciminski, 132 So. 3d at 716-
17 (holding that the death sentence was proportionate where the defendant fatally
stabbed and bludgeoned the victim during a burglary; the trial court found three
aggravators—CCP, HAC, and committed during a robbery or burglary—and then
weighed those aggravators against the statutory mitigator of no significant history
of criminal activity and thirteen nonstatutory mitigators, which were given little to
moderate weight); Miller v. State, 42 So. 3d 204, 229-30 (Fla. 2010) (holding that
the death sentence was proportionate where the defendant fatally stabbed a
seventy-two-year-old victim; the trial court found five aggravators—prior violent
felony conviction, HAC, committed while on parole, committed during a burglary,
and victim was particularly vulnerable—which were weighed against six
nonstatutory mitigating circumstances).
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Examining the facts of this case, including the aggravators and mitigators
found, and comparing it to other similar cases where this Court has upheld the
death sentence as a proportionate penalty, we conclude that Smith’s death sentence
is proportionate.
CONCLUSION
After a thorough review of all the issues raised by Smith, and after our own
independent review of the proportionality of Smith’s sentence of death, we affirm
Smith’s conviction for first-degree murder and sentence of death.
It is so ordered.
LABARGA, C.J., and PARIENTE, LEWIS, QUINCE, CANADY, POLSTON,
and PERRY, JJ., concur.
NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING MOTION, AND
IF FILED, DETERMINED.
An Appeal from the Circuit Court in and for Manatee County,
Peter A. Dubensky, Judge - Case No. 412010CF000479CFAXMA
Howard L. Dimmig, II, Public Defender, and Julius Joseph Aulisio, Assistant
Public Defender, Tenth Judicial Circuit, Bartow, Florida,
for Appellant
Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General, Tallahassee, Florida; and Carol Marie
Dittmar, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Tampa, Florida,
for Appellee
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