FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION JUL 28 2015
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
CELIA VICTORINA BENAVIDEZ, No. 12-70109
Petitioner, Agency No. A094 454 970
v.
MEMORANDUM*
LORETTA E. LYNCH, Attorney General,
Respondent.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Argued and Submitted July 9, 2015
Pasadena, California
Before: REINHARDT, TASHIMA, and CLIFTON, Circuit Judges.
Celia Victorina Benavidez, a native and citizen of El Salvador, petitions for
review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) denial of her motion to
reopen. We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252, and we deny Benavidez’s
petition.
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
We review the BIA’s denial of a motion to reopen for abuse of discretion.
Singh v. Gonzales, 491 F.3d 1090, 1095 (9th Cir. 2007). “The decision of the BIA
should be left undisturbed unless it is arbitrary, irrational, or contrary to law.”
Feng Gui Lin v. Holder, 588 F.3d 981, 984 (9th Cir. 2009) (quoting He v.
Gonzales, 501 F.3d 1128, 1131 (9th Cir. 2007)).
A party must file a motion to reopen deportation proceedings no later than
90 days after the date on which the final administration decision was rendered. 8
C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(2). Benavidez filed her motion to reopen on July 5, 2011,
nearly four years after the date on which the BIA rendered its decision.
We have held, however, that in certain circumstances, the BIA should toll the 90-
day filing period for a petitioner seeking to reopen on the basis of ineffective
assistance of counsel. Singh v. Ashcroft, 367 F.3d 1182, 1185-86 (9th Cir. 2004).
For equitable tolling due to ineffective assistance of counsel to apply, a petitioner
must, inter alia, act with due diligence in pursuing her claim. Id. at 1186.
The BIA did not abuse its discretion when it denied Benavidez’s petition for
failing to exercise due diligence. In assessing whether a petitioner exercised due
diligence, we must consider three factors: (1) “if (and when) a reasonable person
in petitioner’s position would suspect the specific fraud or error underlying her
motion to reopen”; (2) “whether petitioner took reasonable steps to investigate the
2
suspected fraud or error, or, if petitioner is ignorant of counsel’s shortcomings,
whether petitioner made reasonable efforts to pursue relief”; and (3) “when the
tolling period should end; that is, when petitioner definitively learn[ed] of the harm
resulting from counsel’s deficiency.” Avagyan v. Holder, 646 F.3d 672, 679 (9th
Cir. 2011) (internal citations and quotation marks omitted). Because Benavidez
failed to specify when she started having trouble communicating with her former
attorney and when she first met with her current attorney, the BIA was unable to
determine when Benavidez had reason to be suspicious of her former counsel’s
conduct. As a result, it was impossible for the BIA to determine whether, after
having reason to be suspicious, Benavidez “made reasonable efforts to pursue
relief until she learned of counsel’s ineffectiveness.”1 Id. at 682. Furthermore,
because Benavidez’s motion does not state when she definitively learned of the
1
The dissent contends that “[w]e cannot ask for more” of Benavidez,
even while conceding that she “does not specify exactly when she began to suspect
that her prior attorney had rendered ineffective assistance of counsel.” But as part
of her due diligence showing, Benavidez was required to make the predicate
showing of when she “definitively learn[ed] of the harm resulting from counsel’s
deficiency.” Avagyan, 646 F.3d at 679. This she failed to do.
3
alleged ineffective assistance of her former attorney, it was impossible for the BIA
to calculate when the tolling period ended.2
PETITION DENIED.
2
Because the due diligence issue is dispositive, we do not reach any of
the other issues raised by the parties.
4
FILED
Benavidez v. Lynch, 12-70109 JUL 28 2015
Reinhardt, Circuit Judge, dissenting: MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
The majority concludes that Benavidez failed to exercise due diligence in
pursuing her claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. To be sure, Benavidez
does not specify exactly when she began to suspect that her prior attorney had
rendered ineffective assistance of counsel. Her declarations show, however, that
once she began having trouble communicating with her former attorney (and
therefore to suspect ineffective assistance of counsel) she contacted her current
attorney.1 All the time prior to that contact should be equitably tolled because she
reasonably relied on her attorney’s assurances that the BIA erred when it denied
her appeal and that he was pursuing an appeal to this Court. See Mejia-Hernandez
v. Holder, 633 F.3d 818, 826 (9th Cir. 2011).
Following Benavidez’s meeting with her new attorney at or about the end of
2010, it is clear that the new attorney failed for approximately seven months to file
a motion to reopen for reasons that may or may not have been justifiable. First, he
had trouble obtaining the complete file from Benavidez’s former counsel even
though it was his own former law partner who had served in that capacity.
1
For the purposes of a motion to reopen, the BIA (and this Court) must
accept all factual allegations in supporting declarations as true unless it finds
“those facts to be inherently unbelievable.” Ghahremani v. Gonzales, 498 F.3d
993, 999 (9th Cir. 2007) (internal quotation marks omitted).
Second, he suffered an injury that left him unable to work for roughly a month. In
any case, there is no reason to conclude that Benavidez was at fault for any of this
delay, whether excusable or not. Nothing therefore precludes Benavidez from
filing a second motion to reopen based on her new attorney’s failure to file a timely
motion to reopen.
When Benavidez became suspicious of her prior counsel’s performance, she
contacted another attorney and followed his advice. We cannot ask for more. The
unnecessary proliferation of appeals such as will surely occur here is not a
desirable way to implement an already dubious system of enforcing our
immigration laws. I respectfully dissent.